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1. Research Note: Internal organ colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected layer pullets reared at different stocking densities in indoor cage-free housing

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Deana R. Jones; Rupa Guraya; Javier S. Garcia; Darrin M. Karcher;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2022 v.101 no.11 pp. 102104
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; egg production; human diseases; intestines; liver; risk reduction; sexual maturity; spleen
Abstract:
... Contamination of eggs by Salmonella has often been identified as a source of food-borne human illness. S. Enteritidis is deposited inside developing eggs when invasive infections of laying hens reach the reproductive organs. The susceptibility of hens in cage-based housing systems to S. Enteritidis has been associated with their stocking density, but the applicability of this information to extens ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.102104
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2022.102104

2. Tissue Colonization and Egg and Environmental Contamination Associated with the Experimental Infection of Cage-Free Laying Hens with Salmonella Braenderup

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Javier S. Garcia; Jean Y. Guard; Darrin M. Karcher; Deana Jones;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Avian diseases 2022 v.66 no.1 pp. 74-78
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
Salmonella Braenderup; egg industry; eggs; human diseases; liver; nest boxes; oviducts; pollution; serotypes; specific pathogen-free animals; spleen
Abstract:
... In 2018, a national recall of shell eggs in the United States occurred due to human illness caused by Salmonella Braenderup. Although previous studies have identified Salmonella Braenderup in laying hens and the production environment, little is known about the ability of this Salmonella serovar to infect laying hens and contaminate eggs. The objective of this study was to examine the invasiveness ...
DOI:
10.1637/21-00091

3. Research Note: Contamination of eggs by Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in experimentally infected laying hens in indoor cage-free housing

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Deana R. Jones; Rupa Guraya; Kenneth E. Anderson; Darrin M. Karcher;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.11 pp. 101438
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Typhimurium; eggs; flocks; humans; nests; oviposition; public health; serotypes; wood
Abstract:
... Contaminated eggs are a leading source of human Salmonella infections and this problem continues to challenge public health authorities and egg industries around the world. Salmonella invasion of the ovaries and oviducts of infected laying hens can result in bacterial deposition inside the edible portions of developing eggs. The introduction, persistence, and transmission of salmonellae in commerc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101438
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101438

4. Applied Research Note: Internal organ colonization and horizontal transmission of experimental Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky infection in vaccinated laying hens in indoor cage-free housing

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Deana R. Jones; Rupa Guraya; Kenneth E. Anderson; Darrin M. Karcher;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2021 v.30 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Kentucky; applied research; disease transmission; egg contamination; egg production; immunity; intestines; liver; oviducts; pathogens; public health; risk reduction; spleen; vaccination
Abstract:
... Cage-free housing of laying hens may provide opportunities for widespread environmental distribution of Salmonella contamination and horizontal transmission of infection within flocks. Salmonella Enteritidis in commercial laying flocks presents an ongoing public health concern because reproductive organ colonization in hens leads to deposition inside eggs. Many S. Enteritidis control programs incl ...
Handle:
10113/7198051
DOI:
10.1016/j.japr.2020.100132
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.japr.2020.100132

5. Equivalency of peroxyacetic acid to chlorine as a shell egg sanitizing rinse

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Deana R. Jones; Javier S. Garcia; Garrett E. Ward;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.6 pp. 101069
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Enterobacter cloacae; Salmonella Typhimurium; USDA; chlorine; eggs; indicator species; inoculum; peracetic acid; poultry science; sanitation; sanitizers
Abstract:
... In the United States, all shell eggs processed under the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service voluntary grading standards must receive a shell sanitizing rinse of 100–200 ppm chlorine or its equivalent after leaving the washing process. A study was conducted to determine the concentration of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) which would be equivalent to 100–200 ppm chlorine (Cl) in reducing target organisms ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101069
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101069

6. Pooling of Laying Hen Environmental Swabs and Efficacy of Salmonella Detection

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Deana R. Jones; Prafulla Regmi; Garrett E. Ward; Kenneth E. Anderson; Darrin M. Karcher;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Journal of food protection 2020 v.83 no.6 pp. 943-950
ISSN:
0362-028X
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Heidelberg; Salmonella Kentucky; Salmonella Typhimurium; barns; cages; eggs; farms; flora; food safety; inoculum; nalidixic acid; serotypes; streptomycin; Kentucky
Abstract:
... Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis is required for U.S. shell egg producers with ≥3,000 hens on a farm. The egg producer assumes all costs for the mandatory testing. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Egg Rule, either manure scraper or drag swabs can be collected according to published guidelines and requirements. The present study was undertaken to determine th ...
DOI:
10.4315/JFP-19-467

7. Research Note: Horizontal transmission and internal organ colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky in experimentally infected laying hens in indoor cage-free housing

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Deana R. Jones; Rupa Guraya; Kenneth E. Anderson; Darrin M. Karcher;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2020 v.99 no.11 pp. 6071-6074
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Kentucky; barns; disease transmission; egg contamination; eggs; flocks; intestines; laying hens; liver; oviducts; poultry diseases; salmonellosis; spleen
Abstract:
... The transmission of Salmonella to humans via contaminated eggs is an international public health concern. S. Enteritidis is deposited inside eggs after colonizing reproductive tissues of infected hens. Diverse housing facility characteristics and flock management practices influence Salmonella persistence and transmission in poultry, but the food safety consequences of different housing systems fo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.006
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.006

8. Colonization of internal organs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens of four commercial genetic lines in conventional cages and enriched colony housing

Author:
Richard K Gast,   et al.   ; Prafulla Regmi; Rupa Guraya; Deana R Jones; Kenneth E Anderson; Darrin M Karcher;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2019 v.98 no.4 pp. 1785-1790
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; bacterial colonization; cage rearing; cages; egg contamination; eggs; environmental enrichment; environmental factors; flocks; genetic lines; human diseases; intestines; laying hens; liver; nesting; oviducts; oviposition; pathogens; poultry housing; salmonellosis; spleen; tissues
Abstract:
... The prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis in commercial egg-laying flocks is a prominent public health concern because contaminated eggs cause human illness. Deposition of this pathogen inside eggs results from bacterial colonization of reproductive tissues in infected hens. Environmental conditions can influence avian Salmonella infections, but the food safety consequences of different poultry hou ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pey541

9. Contamination of eggs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens of four commercial genetic lines in conventional cages and enriched colony housing

Author:
Richard K Gast,   et al.   ; Prafulla Regmi; Rupa Guraya; Deana R Jones; Kenneth E Anderson; Darrin M Karcher;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2019 v.98 no.10 pp. 5023-5027
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; egg contamination; eggs; human diseases; pathogens; poultry production; public health
Abstract:
... Human illness caused by the consumption of eggs contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis is a continuing international public health concern. This pathogen is deposited inside the edible contents of eggs as a consequence of its ability to colonize reproductive tissues in infected hens. Conditions in the housing environment can influence the persistence and transmission of avian Salmonella infectio ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pez222

10. Multiplication in Egg Yolk and Survival in Egg Albumen of Genetically and Phenotypically Characterized Salmonella Enteritidis Strains

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Jean Guard; Rupa Guraya; Aude Locatelli;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Journal of food protection 2018 v.81 no.6 pp. 876-880
ISSN:
0362-028X
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; antibiotic resistance genes; egg albumen; egg yolk; eggs; human diseases; natural selection; phenotype; refrigeration; temperature
Abstract:
... Prompt refrigeration of eggs to prevent the multiplication of Salmonella Enteritidis to high levels during storage is an important practice for reducing the risk of egg-transmitted human illness. The efficacy of egg refrigeration for achieving this goal depends on the interaction among the location of contamination, the ability of contaminant strains to survive or multiply, and the rate at which g ...
DOI:
10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-484

11. Colonization of internal organs by Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Typhimurium in experimentally infected laying hens housed in enriched colony cages at different stocking densities

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Rupa Guraya; Deana R. Jones; Jean Guard; Kenneth E. Anderson; Darrin M. Karcher;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2017 v.96 no.5 pp. 1402-1409
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Heidelberg; Salmonella Typhimurium; animal welfare; cages; cecum; humans; liver; oviducts; serotypes; spleen
Abstract:
... Contaminated eggs produced by infected commercial laying flocks are often implicated as sources of human infections with Salmonella Enteritidis, but Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Typhimurium have also been associated with egg-transmitted illness. Contamination of the edible contents of eggs is a consequence of the colonization of reproductive tissues in systemically infected hens. In recent y ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pew375

12. Prevalence, Persistence, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. from Eggs and Laying Hens Housed in Five Commercial Housing Systems

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Estefanía Novoa Rama; Matthew Bailey; Deana R. Jones; Ken Anderson; Jagpinder Brar; Rhonda Taylor; Haley F. Oliver; Manpreet Singh;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Foodborne pathogens & disease 2018 v.15 no.8 pp. 506-516
ISSN:
1556-7125
Subject:
Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter jejuni; animal welfare; antibiotic resistance; biosecurity; cages; consumer attitudes; egg production; eggs; farms; free range husbandry; genetic variation; laying hens; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; tetracycline; North Carolina
Abstract:
... Husbandry practices for laying hens in commercial egg production is a topic of interest from a social, economic, and regulatory standpoint. Animal welfare concerns regarding the use of conventional cages have arisen and consumer perceptions of hen welfare have led to a higher demand for cage-free eggs. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of housing systems on prevalence, persistence, an ...
DOI:
10.1089/fpd.2017.2404

13. Persistence of fecal shedding of Salmonella Enteritidis by experimentally infected laying hens housed in conventional or enriched cages

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Rupa Guraya; Deana R. Jones; Kenneth E. Anderson;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2015 v.94 no.7 pp. 1650-1656
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; animal welfare; bacteriophages; cages; feces; flocks; food safety; human diseases; intestines; pathogens; risk factors
Abstract:
... Salmonella Enteritidis can be deposited inside eggs laid by infected hens, so the prevalence of this pathogen in commercial egg-producing flocks is an important risk factor for human illness. Opportunities for the introduction, transmission, and persistence of salmonellae in poultry are potentially influenced by flock housing and management systems. Animal welfare concerns have spurred the develop ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pev113

14. Frequency and Duration of Fecal Shedding of Salmonella Serovars Heidelberg and Typhimurium by Experimentally Infected Laying Hens Housed in Enriched Colony Cages at Different Stocking Densities

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Rupa Guraya; Deana R. Jones; Jean Guard; Kenneth E. Anderson; Darrin M. Karcher;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Avian diseases 2017 v.61 no.3 pp. 366-371
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Heidelberg; Salmonella Typhimurium; animal welfare; cages; eggs; feces; flocks; food safety; humans; laying hens; nesting; pathogens; poultry housing; salmonellosis; serotypes; stocking rate
Abstract:
... Eggs contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis are leading sources of human salmonellosis, but Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium are also egg-associated pathogens. The management practices and housing facilities characterizing different systems for housing commercial egg flocks can influence Salmonella persistence and transmission. Animal welfare aspects of poultry housing have been ...
DOI:
10.1637/11635-032517-RegR

15. Integrated farm management to prevent Salmonella Enteritidis contamination of eggs

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Darrell W. Trampel; Thomas G. Holder;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Journal of applied poultry research 2014 v.23 no.2 pp. 353-365
ISSN:
1056-6171
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; biosecurity; death; disinfection; egg contamination; egg production; elderly; environmental exposure; farm management; farms; flocks; health hazards; immunity; intestines; oviposition; prebiotics; probiotics; public health; research; rodents
Abstract:
... Salmonella Enteritidis in contaminated eggs is a public health hazard that may cause hospitalization or death in the elderly, infants, and individuals with impaired immune systems. Prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis infection of laying hens is an essential first step in reducing Salmonella Enteritidis outbreaks in humans. Multiple interventions at several stages during egg production can combine ...
DOI:
10.3382/japr.2014-00944

16. Colonization of internal organs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens housed in enriched colony cages at different stocking densities

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Rupa Guraya; Deana R. Jones; Kenneth E. Anderson; Darrin M. Karcher;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2016 v.95 no.6 pp. 1363-1369
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; animal ovaries; animal welfare; cages; disease resistance; eggs; epidemiological studies; flocks; food safety; human diseases; laying hens; liver; nesting; pathogens; poultry housing; salmonellosis; serotypes; spleen; stocking rate; tissues
Abstract:
... Epidemiologic analyses have linked the frequency of human infections with Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis to the consumption of contaminated eggs and thus to the prevalence of this pathogen in commercial egg-laying flocks. Contamination of the edible contents of eggs by Salmonella Enteritidis is a consequence of the colonization of reproductive tissues in systemically i ...
Handle:
10113/62810
DOI:
10.3382/ps/pew037

17. Horizontal transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens housed in conventional or enriched cages

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Rupa Guraya; Deana R. Jones; Kenneth E. Anderson;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2014 v.93 no.12 pp. 3145-3151
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; animal welfare; bacteriophages; cages; cloaca; disease transmission; flocks; humans; risk factors
Abstract:
... The majority of human illnesses caused by Salmonella Enteritidis are attributed to contaminated eggs, and the prevalence of this pathogen in commercial laying flocks has been identified as a leading epidemiologic risk factor. Flock housing and management systems can affect opportunities for the introduction, transmission, and persistence of foodborne pathogens in poultry. The animal welfare implic ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps.2014-04237

18. Recovery of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from hens initially infected with serovar Kentucky

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Jean Guard; Roxana Sanchez-Ingunza; Devendra H. Shah; Michael J. Rothrock; Deana R. Jones;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Food chemistry 2015 v.189 pp. 86-92
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Kentucky; ecology; egg production; epidemiology; hens; pathogens; serotypes; tonsils; Kentucky
Abstract:
... Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Kentucky differ greatly in epidemiology. We wanted to know if the non-pathogenic serotype Kentucky impacted the recovery of the pathogen Enteritidis from chickens. To explore this issue, 4 groups of hens were treated as follows: (i) hens were inoculated orally with Kentucky and injected intramuscularly 2weeks later with Enteritidis, (ii) hens were conta ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.018
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.018
Chorus Open Access:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.018

19. Contamination of eggs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens housed in conventional or enriched cages

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Rupa Guraya; Deana R. Jones; Kenneth E. Anderson;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Poultry science 2014 v.93 no.3 pp. 728-733
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; animal welfare; cages; disease surveillance; egg contamination; eggs; humans; oviposition; pathogens; poultry production; salmonellosis; serotypes
Abstract:
... Both epidemiologic analyses and active disease surveillance confirm an ongoing strong association between human salmonellosis and the prevalence of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis in commercial egg flocks. The majority of human illnesses caused by this pathogen are attributed to the consumption of contaminated eggs. Animal welfare concerns have increasingly influenced c ...
DOI:
10.3382/ps.2013-03641

20. Metabolic parameters linked by phenotype microarray to acid resistance profiles of poultry-associated Salmonella enterica

Author:
Richard K. Gast,   et al.   ; Jean Guard; Michael J. Rothrock; Devendra H. Shah; Deana R. Jones; Roxana Sanchez-Ingunza; Melissa Madsen; John El-Attrache; Bwalya Lungu;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Research in microbiology 2016 v.167 no.9-10 pp. 745-756
ISSN:
0923-2508
Subject:
Salmonella enterica; acid tolerance; cluster analysis; data collection; microarray technology; pH; particulates; phenotype; poultry products; probability; serotypes; t-test; wells
Abstract:
... Phenotype microarrays were analyzed for 51 datasets derived from Salmonella enterica. The top 4 serotypes associated with poultry products and one associated with turkey, respectively Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Infantis and Senftenberg, were represented. Datasets were partitioned initially into two clusters based on ranking by values at pH 4.5 (PM10 A03). Negative control wells were use ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.resmic.2016.06.006
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.resmic.2016.06.006
Chorus Open Access:
10.1016/j.resmic.2016.06.006