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1. Simultaneous quantification of 20 synthetic cannabinoids and 21 metabolites, and semi-quantification of 12 alkyl hydroxy metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry A

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 2 Author
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2014 v.1327 pp. 105-117
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
beta-glucuronidase; biphenyl; cannabinoids; formic acid; humans; ionization; isomers; liquid chromatography; metabolites; monitoring; spectrometers; tandem mass spectrometry; toxicity testing; urine
Abstract:
... Clandestine laboratories constantly produce new synthetic cannabinoids to circumvent legislative efforts, complicating toxicological analysis. No extensive synthetic cannabinoid quantitative urinary methods are reported in the literature. We developed and validated a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method for simultaneously quantifying JWH-018, JWH-019, JWH-073, JWH-081, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.067

2. Nontargeted SWATH acquisition for identifying 47 synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Jarvis, Michael J. Y.; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2015 v.407 no.3 pp. 883-897
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
acetonitrile; biphenyl; cannabinoids; detection limit; formic acid; humans; liquid chromatography; metabolites; spectrometers; tandem mass spectrometry; urine
Abstract:
... Clandestine laboratories constantly produce new synthetic cannabinoids to circumvent legislative scheduling efforts, challenging and complicating toxicological analysis. Sundstrom et al. (Anal Bioanal Chem 405(26):8463–8474, [9]) and Kronstrand et al. (Anal Bioanal Chem 406(15):3599–3609, [10]) published nontargeted liquid chromatography, high-resolution, quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-014-8118-8

3. Simultaneous quantification of 11 cannabinoids and metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using WAX-S tips

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Andersson, Maria; Sempio, Cristina; Barnes, Allan J.; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2016 v.408 no.23 pp. 6461-6471
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
acetonitrile; ammonium acetate; cannabidiol; drugs; forensic sciences; guidelines; humans; ionization; liquid chromatography; metabolites; methanol; monitoring; tandem mass spectrometry; toxicology; urine
Abstract:
... A comprehensive cannabinoid urine quantification method may improve clinical and forensic result interpretation and is necessary to support our clinical research. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry quantification method for ∆⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), ∆⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCAA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol ( ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-016-9765-8
PubMed:
27422645
PubMed Central:
PMC5010516

4. Quantification of cannabinoids and their free and glucuronide metabolites in whole blood by disposable pipette extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Newmeyer, Matthew N.; Barnes, Allan J.; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2016 v.1453 pp. 34-42
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
blood; cannabidiol; drugs; excretion; ionization; liquid chromatography; metabolites; monitoring; quality control; tandem mass spectrometry; tetrahydrocannabinol
Abstract:
... Identifying recent cannabis intake is confounded by prolonged cannabinoid excretion in chronic frequent cannabis users. We previously observed detection times ≤2.1h for cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-glucuronide in whole blood after smoking, suggesting their applicability for identifying recent intake. However, whole blood collection may not occur for up t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.024
PubMed:
27236483
PubMed Central:
PMC4955402

5. Quantification of [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](naphthalene-1-yl)methanone (AM-2201) and 13 metabolites in human and rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Carlier, Jeremy; Wohlfarth, Ariane; Salmeron, Bonita D.; Baumann, Michael H.; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2016 v.1451 pp. 97-106
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
ambient temperature; biphenyl; cannabinoids; enzymatic hydrolysis; forensic sciences; formic acid; freeze-thaw cycles; humans; liquid chromatography; metabolites; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics; rats; tandem mass spectrometry
Abstract:
... AM-2201 is a popular synthetic cannabinoid first synthesized in 2000. AM-2201 pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data are scarce, requiring further investigation. We developed a sensitive method for quantifying AM-2201 and 13 metabolites in plasma to provide a tool to further metabolic, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.020
PubMed:
27208987
PubMed Central:
PMC4886661

6. Simultaneous quantification of buprenorphine, naloxone and phase I and II metabolites in plasma and breastmilk by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Swortwood, Madeleine J.; Barnes, Allan J.; Jansson, Lauren M.; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2016 v.1446 pp. 70-77
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
ambient temperature; breast feeding; buprenorphine; fetal death; fetal development; guidelines; liquid chromatography; metabolites; methadone; mothers; naloxone; pregnancy; solid phase extraction; tandem mass spectrometry; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Opioid abuse during pregnancy is associated with fetal growth restriction, placental abruption, preterm labor, fetal death, and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Current guidelines for medication-assisted opioid addiction treatment during pregnancy are methadone or buprenorphine monotherapy. Buprenorphine/naloxone combination therapy (Suboxone®) has not been thoroughly evaluated during pregnancy and i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.076

7. Validation of a novel method to identify in utero ethanol exposure: simultaneous meconium extraction of fatty acid ethyl esters, ethyl glucuronide, and ethyl sulfate followed by LC-MS/MS quantification

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Himes, Sarah K.; Concheiro, Marta; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2014 v.406 no.7 pp. 1945-1955
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
methanol; ambient temperature; solid phase extraction; arachidonic acid; feces; pregnancy; stearic acid; tandem mass spectrometry; esters; liquid chromatography; alcohol drinking; oleic acid; ethanol
Abstract:
... Presence of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), ethyl glucuronide (EtG), and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in meconium, the first neonatal feces, identifies maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Current meconium alcohol marker assays require separate analyses for FAEE and EtG/EtS. We describe development and validation of the first quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for 9 ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-013-7600-z
PubMed:
24408304
PubMed Central:
PMC4539124

8. Metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids PB-22 and its 5-fluoro analog, 5F-PB-22, by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Wohlfarth, Ariane; Gandhi, Adarsh S.; Pang, Shaokun; Zhu, Mingshe; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2014 v.406 no.6 pp. 1763-1780
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
biochemical pathways; cannabinoids; cryopreservation; cysteine; data collection; drugs; hepatocytes; humans; hydrolysis; mass spectrometry; metabolism; metabolites; oxidation; quinoline; spectrometers; urinalysis; urine
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: PB-22 (1-pentyl-8-quinolinyl ester-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid) and 5F-PB-22 (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-8-quinolinyl ester-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid) are new synthetic cannabinoids with a quinoline substructure and the first marketed substances with an ester bond linkage. No human metabolism data are currently available, making it difficult to document PB-22 and 5F-PB-22 intake from urine a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-014-7668-0

9. In vitro stability of free and glucuronidated cannabinoids in urine following controlled smoked cannabis

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Desrosiers, Nathalie A.; Lee, Dayong; Concheiro-Guisan, Marta; Gorelick, David A.; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2014 v.406 no.3 pp. 785-792
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
Cannabis; cannabidiol; urine; ambient temperature
Abstract:
... Analyte stability is an important factor in urine test interpretation, yet cannabinoid stability data are limited. A comprehensive study of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), cannabidiol, cannabinol, THC-glucuronide, and THCCOOH-glucuronide stabilities in authentic urine was completed. Urine samples after ad libitum cannabis smoking were pool ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-013-7524-7
PubMed:
24292435
PubMed Central:
PMC4259566

10. 11-Nor-9-carboxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol quantification in human oral fluid by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Himes, Sarah K.; Chen, Xiaohong; Liu, Hua-Fen; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2013 v.405 no.18 pp. 6019-6027
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
Cannabis; acetic acid; cannabinoids; derivatization; drug therapy; drugs; humans; ionization; liquid chromatography; methanol; monitoring; pain; quality control; solid phase extraction; tandem mass spectrometry; working conditions
Abstract:
... Currently, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the analyte quantified for oral fluid cannabinoid monitoring. The potential for false-positive oral fluid cannabinoid results from passive exposure to THC-laden cannabis smoke raises concerns for this promising new monitoring technology. Oral fluid 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) is proposed as a marker of cannabis intake since it is n ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-013-7027-6
PubMed:
23681203
PubMed Central:
PMC3773502

11. Qualitative Confirmation of 9 Synthetic Cannabinoids and 20 Metabolites in Human Urine Using LC–MS/MS and Library Search

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Wohlfarth, Ariane; Chen, Xiaohong; Liu, Hua-fen; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2013 v.85 no.7 pp. 3730-3738
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
acetonitrile; cannabinoids; chromatography; detection limit; enzymatic hydrolysis; formic acid; humans; hydrolysis; illicit drugs; metabolites; monitoring; proteins; spectrometers; surveys; urine
Abstract:
... Introduction: Synthetic cannabinoids are an emerging illicit drug class. The variety of available substances is large and ever-changing, making it difficult for laboratories to remain current. We present a qualitative LC–MS/MS method identifying urinary metabolites of JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-081, JWH-122, JWH-200, JWH-210, JWH-250, RCS-4, and AM2201 and the parent compounds JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-081 ...
DOI:
10.1021/ac3037365
PubMed:
23458260
PubMed Central:
PMC3874406

12. Development and Validation of the First Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Antiretrovirals in Meconium

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Himes, Sarah K.; Tassiopoulos, Katherine; Kacanek, Deborah; Hazra, Rohan; Rich, Kenneth; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2013 v.85 no.3 pp. 1896-1904
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
RNA-directed DNA polymerase; ambient temperature; antiretroviral agents; childhood; correlation; drugs; freeze-thaw cycles; homogenization; infants; liquid chromatography; metabolites; methanol; monitoring; mothers; nucleosides; proteinase inhibitors; solid phase extraction; tandem mass spectrometry; therapeutics
Abstract:
... A novel method for the simultaneous quantification of 16 antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and 4 metabolites in meconium was developed and validated. Quantification of 6 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 2 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 7 protease inhibitors, and 1 integrase inhibitor was achieved in 0.25 g of meconium. Specimen preparation included methanol homoge ...
DOI:
10.1021/ac303188j
PubMed:
23256731
PubMed Central:
PMC3638039

13. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and metabolites disposition in blood and plasma following controlled oral administration

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Hartman, Rebecca L.; Desrosiers, Nathalie A.; Barnes, Allan J.; Yun, Keming; Kolbrich-Spargo, Erin A.; Gorelick, David A.; Goodwin, Robert S.; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2014 v.406 no.2 pp. 587-599
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
African Americans; adults; blood plasma; females; forensic sciences; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; humans; males; metabolites; oral administration; pharmacokinetics; phenethylamine; risk
Abstract:
... 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an illicit phenethylamine ingested for entactogenic and euphoric effects. Although blood is more commonly submitted for forensic analysis, previous human MDMA pharmacokinetics research focused on plasma data; no direct blood–plasma comparisons were drawn. Blood and plasma specimens from 50 healthy adult volunteers (33 males, 17 females, 36 African-Americ ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-013-7468-y
PubMed:
24232751
PubMed Central:
PMC4492916

14. Oral fluid and plasma 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and metabolite correlation after controlled oral MDMA administration

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Desrosiers, Nathalie A.; Barnes, Allan J.; Hartman, Rebecca L.; Kolbrich-Spargo, Erin A.; Gorelick, David A.; Goodwin, Robert S.; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2013 v.405 no.12 pp. 4067-4076
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
blood plasma; drugs; metabolites; mouth; saliva
Abstract:
... Oral fluid (OF) offers a noninvasive sample collection for drug testing. However, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) in OF has not been adequately characterized in comparison to plasma. We administered oral low-dose (1.0 mg/kg) and high-dose (1.6 mg/kg) MDMA to 26 participants and collected simultaneous OF and plasma specimens for up to 143 h after dosing. We compared OF/plasma (OF/ ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-013-6848-7
PubMed:
23471370
PubMed Central:
PMC3638040

15. Validation of a two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of cannabidiol, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC, and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC in plasma

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Karschner, Erin L.; Barnes, Allan J.; Lowe, Ross H.; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2010 v.397 no.2 pp. 603-611
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
Cannabis; biomarkers; cannabidiol; comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; drugs; forensic sciences; freeze-thaw cycles; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; medicine; metabolites; monitoring; quality control; solid phase extraction; toxicology; working conditions
Abstract:
... A sensitive analytical method for simultaneous quantification of sub-nanogram concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) in plasma is presented for monitoring cannabinoid pharmacotherapy and illicit cannabis use. Analytes were extracted from 1 mL plasma by solid-phase extraction, derivatized with N,O-bis(trimet ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-010-3599-6
PubMed:
20306180
PubMed Central:
PMC3152261

16. Development and validation of a solid-phase extraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of methadone, heroin, cocaine and metabolites in sweat

Author:
Scheidweiler, Karl B.,   et al.   ; Brunet, Bertrand R.; Barnes, Allan J.; Mura, Patrick; Huestis, Marilyn A.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2008 v.392 no.1-2 pp. 115-127
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
cocaine; codeine; drug therapy; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hydrolysis; ionization; metabolites; methadone; monitoring; morphine; social justice; sodium acetate; solid phase extraction; sweat; working conditions
Abstract:
... A sensitive and specific method is presented to simultaneously quantify methadone, heroin, cocaine and metabolites in sweat. Drugs were eluted from sweat patches with sodium acetate buffer, followed by SPE and quantification by GC/MS with electron impact ionization and selected ion monitoring. Daily calibration for anhydroecgonine methyl ester, ecgonine methyl ester, cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BE), ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-008-2228-0
PubMed:
18607576
PubMed Central:
PMC2692071