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1. Tree-ring δ18O inferred spring drought variability over the past 200 years in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Zhao, Fan; Fan, Zexin; Su, Tao; Li, Shufeng; Tang, He; Zhou, Zhekun;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2019 v.518 pp. 22-33
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Abies; El Nino; drought; growth rings; mountains; oxygen; relative humidity; spring; stable isotopes; variance; China; Pacific Ocean
Abstract:
... In this study, we developed a tree-ring δ18O chronology of Abies delavayi from Diancangshan (25°41′N, 100°06′E), in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China, spanning 205 years (1810–2014 CE). Tree-ring δ18O from Abies delavayi showed the highest negative correlation with relative humidity in the spring (r = −0.59, P < 0.05). Therefore, we used our δ18O chronology to reconstruct spring relative h ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.12.020

2. Palaeoclimatic estimates for a latest Miocene-Pliocene flora from the Siwalik Group of Bhutan: Evidence for the development of the South Asian Monsoon in the eastern Himalaya

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Khan, Mahasin Ali; Bera, Meghma; Spicer, Robert A.; Bera, Subir;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2019 v.514 pp. 326-335
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Miocene epoch; climate; cold; flora; fossils; growing season; leaf analysis; leaves; monsoon season; morphs; paleoclimatology; relative humidity; specific humidity; temperature; Bhutan; Himalayan region; India
Abstract:
... Fossil leaf floras, from the latest Miocene-Pliocene Siwalik Group exposed in Bhutan, sub-Himalaya, are subjected to a CLAMP (Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) analysis using a high-resolution gridded climate calibration. The CLAMP analysis of 27 different morphotypes of fossil leaves indicates a mean annual temperature (MAT) of 24.1 °C ± 2.8 °C; a cold month mean temperature (CMMT) of 1 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.10.019

3. Evidence of simultaneous occurrence of tylosis formation and fungal interaction in a late Cenozoic angiosperm from the eastern Himalaya

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Khan, Mahasin Ali; Bera, Meghma; Spicer, Robert A.; Bera, Subir;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2018 v.259 pp. 171-184
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Gmelina arborea; Pliocene epoch; fossils; fungal spores; fungi; heartwood; histology; hyphae; new species; old and fossil wood; scanning electron microscopes; tyloses; woody plants; Himalayan region; India
Abstract:
... Information on whether tyloses in fossil angiospermic plants form specifically in response to infestation with pathogenic fungi has been lacking so far, and thus the evolutionary history of tylosis formation as a physical restraint strategy against the advancing fungi remains unresolved. Our study addresses this knowledge lacuna. Carbonized woods were recovered from the upper part of the Siwalik s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.10.004

4. Environmental constraints on terrestrial vertebrate behaviour and reproduction in the high Arctic of the Late Cretaceous

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Herman, Alexei B.; Spicer, Robert A.;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2016 v.441 pp. 317-338
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
autumn; budbreak; burrowing; dinosaurs; eggs; fossils; growing season; growth rings; hatching; leaves; nests; overwintering; photoperiod; reproductive behavior; spring; summer; temperature; winter; wood; Arctic region; Russia
Abstract:
... Reconstructions of temperature and moisture regimes based on fossil leaves, combined with tree ring studies, detail the light regime, length of the growing season, and summer and winter temperatures of the Late Cretaceous Arctic. Such constraints have important implications for dinosaur feeding and reproductive behaviour, and the capacity to reside year-round in near-polar environments.At the high ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.09.041

5. First occurrence of mastixioid (Cornaceae) fossil in India and its biogeographic implications

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Khan, Mahasin Ali; Bera, Meghma; Spicer, Robert A.; Bera, Subir;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2017 v.247 pp. 83-96
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Cornaceae; Miocene epoch; climate change; climatic factors; extinction; fossils; fruits; indigenous species; leaves; new species; phytogeography; rain; sediments; tropical evergreen forests; Europe; Himalayan region; India; North America
Abstract:
... Mastixioids in the family Cornaceae, are presently native only in limited areas of Asia, they have rich fossil fruit record in Cenozoic sediments of Europe and North America, but unfortunately none have been reported from Cenozoic sediments of India and Asia until now. Here, we report the occurrence of leaf remains (both impression and compression) along with carbonised fruits, resembling morpholo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.08.006

6. Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the early Eocene Gurha lignite mine, Rajasthan, India

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Kumar, Madhav; Spicer, Robert A.; Shukla, Anumeha; Mehrotra, R.C.; Monga, Priyanka;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2016 v.461 pp. 98-108
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Angiospermae; Botryococcus braunii; algae; basins; evaporation; flora; hypoxia; lacustrine sediments; lignite; organic matter; pollen; resins; salinity; seepage; vegetation; wildfires; India
Abstract:
... A 105m early Eocene section exposed in the Gurha mine in the Nagaur-Ganganagar Basin, Rajasthan, India, archiving remains of equatorial vegetation at a time of extreme global warmth and close to the onset of the India-Eurasia collision, is investigated using palynostratigraphic and palynofacies analyses. Four palynozones e.g., Palmidites plicatus Singh, Botryococcus braunii Kützing, Triangulorites ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.013

7. Occurrence of Shorea Roxburgh ex C. F. Gaertner (Dipterocarpaceae) in the Neogene Siwalik forests of eastern Himalaya and its biogeography during the Cenozoic of Southeast Asia

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Khan, Mahasin Ali; Spicer, Robert A.; Bera, Subir;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2016 v.233 pp. 236-254
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Miocene epoch; Pliocene epoch; Shorea; calyx; forests; fossils; fruits; habitats; leaves; phytogeography; sediments; Himalayan region; India; South East Asia
Abstract:
... We report the occurrence of two leaf impressions and one leaf compression along with one winged fruit and two fruiting calyx lobes, resembling those of Shorea Roxburgh ex C. F. Gaertner, in the lower Siwalik (Dafla Formation, middle to upper Miocene), middle Siwalik (Subansiri Formation, Pliocene) and upper Siwalik (Kimin Formation, upper Pliocene to lower Pleistocene) sediments exposed in Arunach ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.07.011

8. Aporosa Blume from the paleoequatorial rainforest of Bikaner, India: Its evolution and diversification in deep time

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Shukla, Anumeha; Mehrotra, Rakesh C.; Spicer, Robert A.;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2016 v.232 pp. 14-21
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Neogene period; Paleogene period; Phyllanthaceae; animals; climate; evergreen forests; evolution; fossils; indigenous species; leaves; tropical rain forests; India; New Guinea; South East Asia; Sri Lanka
Abstract:
... The Gondwanan origin, northward migration and subsequent collision with Asia means that the Indian subcontinent is of particular interest regarding the origin and dispersal of numerous plants and animal species. With this in mind, we describe a fossil leaf of Aporosa Blume (Phyllanthaceae) from the Paleogene of the Indian subcontinent and discuss its evolution and diversification with respect to t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.05.006

9. Artificial neural networks reveal a high-resolution climatic signal in leaf physiognomy

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Li, Shu-Feng; Jacques, Frédéric M.B.; Spicer, Robert A.; Su, Tao; Yang, Jian; Zhou, Zhe-Kun;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2016 v.442 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
algorithms; climate; data collection; fossils; leaf analysis; leaves; neural networks; prediction; North America
Abstract:
... The relationship linking leaf physiognomy and climate has long been used in paleoclimatic reconstructions, but current models lose precision when worldwide data sets are considered because of the broader range of physiognomies that occur under the wider range of climate types represented. Our aim is to improve the predictive power of leaf physiognomy to yield climate signals, and here we explore t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.11.005

10. Plant–arthropod associations from the Siwalik forests (middle Miocene) of Darjeeling sub-Himalaya, India

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Khan, Mahasin Ali; Bera, Subir; Spicer, Robert A.;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2015 v.438 pp. 191-202
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Albizia; Artocarpus; Callicarpa; Coleoptera; Diptera; Lagerstroemia; Lepidoptera; Orthoptera; Persea; Shorea; Woodfordia; biotic factors; fauna; flora; forests; fossils; host plants; leaf area; leaves; oviposition; photosynthesis; phytophagous insects; plant-insect relations; sedimentary rocks; Himalayan region; India
Abstract:
... Fossil leaves from the Siwalik sedimentary rocks of Darjeeling sub-Himalaya, evidence a variety of plant–insect interactions that operated during the evolution of monsoon-influenced forests from middle Miocene times. We assessed the diversity and frequency of insect herbivory on 137 specimens representing the Darjeeling lower Siwalik flora (DLSF). We also examined the percent of leaf area removed ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.019

11. Leaf cuticular morphology of some angiosperm taxa from the Siwalik sediments (middle Miocene to lower Pleistocene) of Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: Systematic and palaeoclimatic implications

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Khan, Mahasin Ali; Bera, Subir; Ghosh, Ruby; Spicer, Robert A.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2015 v.214 pp. 9-26
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
Actinodaphne; Calophyllum; Combretum; Dipterocarpus; Dysoxylum; Macaranga; Miocene epoch; Shorea; epiphytes; fossils; fungi; leaves; microstructure; new species; sediments; tropics; Himalayan region; India
Abstract:
... Seven fossil leaves with cuticle described here were collected from the lower, middle and upper strata of Siwalik (middle Miocene–lower Pleistocene) sediments of Arunachal Pradesh, India. A detailed comparison of the cuticular analysis of the fossils and their living relatives indicate that these fossil species belong to Dysoxylum raptiensis, Macaranga cf. denticulata, Calophyllum suraikholensis, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.10.008

12. Eocene–early Oligocene climate and vegetation change in southern China: Evidence from the Maoming Basin

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Herman, Alexei B.; Spicer, Robert A.; Aleksandrova, Galina N.; Yang, Jian; Kodrul, Tatiana M.; Maslova, Natalia P.; Chen, Gang; Jin, Jian-Hua;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2016
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Dipterocarpaceae; altitude; basins; climate; conifers; flora; fossils; latitude; leaves; monsoon season; paleoclimatology; palynology; pollen; rain; sediments; summer; temperature; vegetation; winter; China; South Asia
Abstract:
... Although the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition marks a critical point in the development of the ‘icehouse’ global climate of the present little is known about this important change in the terrestrial realm at low latitudes. Our palynological study of the Shangcun Formation shows it to be early Oligocene in age: palyno-assemblages in the lower part of the formation indicate a cool interval domina ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.04.023

13. Cool equatorial terrestrial temperatures and the South Asian monsoon in the Early Eocene: Evidence from the Gurha Mine, Rajasthan, India

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Shukla, Anumeha; Mehrotra, Rakesh C.; Spicer, Robert A.; Kumar, Madhav;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2014 v.412 pp. 187-198
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
atmospheric precipitation; coasts; flowers; fossils; fruits; insects; lacustrine sediments; leaves; monsoon season; morphs; relative humidity; seeds; tectonics; temperature; tropics; uncertainty; India
Abstract:
... Early Eocene (~55–52Ma) laminated lacustrine sediments overlying lignites in the Gurha Mine (27.87398°N, 72.86709°E), Rajasthan, India, yield a diversity of fossil leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and insects. CLAMP (multivariate foliar physiognomic) analysis of two horizons separated by an estimated several tens of thousands of years of deposition indicates cool equatorial (~10°N) temperatures and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.004

14. Fossil evidence of insect folivory in the eastern Himalayan Neogene Siwalik forests

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Khan, Mahasin Ali; Spicer, Robert A.; Bera, Subir;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2014 v.410 pp. 264-277
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Actinodaphne; Callicarpa; Canarium; Coleoptera; Diptera; Lepidoptera; Millettia; Orthoptera; climate change; fauna; flora; forests; fossils; leaves; oviposition; phytophagous insects; plant-insect relations; sedimentary rocks; Himalayan region; India
Abstract:
... Fossil leaves from the Siwalik sedimentary rocks of Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya, evidence a variety of plant-insect interactions that operated during the evolution of monsoon-influenced forests from middle Miocene to lower Pleistocene times. Five principal categories of damage are identified in this study namely leaf mining, hole feeding, skeletonizing, galling and marginal or non-marginal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.05.043

15. Cool tropics in the Middle Eocene: Evidence from the Changchang Flora, Hainan Island, China

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Spicer, Robert A.; Herman, Alexei B.; Liao, Wenbo; Kodrul, Tatiana M.; Yang, Jian; Jin, Jianhua;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2014 v.412 pp. 1-16
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Magnoliopsida; air temperature; basins; coasts; flora; heat; humid zones; latitude; leaves; microfossils; multivariate analysis; old and fossil wood; pollen; soil temperature; spores; swamps; tropics; China; United States
Abstract:
... The middle Eocene (Lutetian–Bartonian, 48.6–37.2Ma) near-equatorial megafossil flora from swamp and lacustrine facies of the lower Changchang Formation, Hainan Island, South China (19.631463°N, 110.445049°E) is highly diverse (>200 taxa) dominated by an unusual mixture of angiosperms typical of modern temperate, subtropical and tropical evergreen and deciduous forms. It is also rich in palms. Mult ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.07.011

16. Deriving temperature estimates from Southern Hemisphere leaves

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Kennedy, Elizabeth M.; Arens, Nan Crystal; Reichgelt, Tammo; Spicer, Robert A.; Stranks, Lena; Yang, Jian;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2014 v.412 pp. 80-90
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Magnoliopsida; climate; climate models; correlation; data collection; flora; leaf analysis; leaves; temperature; Argentina; Australia; Bolivia; New Zealand; South Africa
Abstract:
... The percentage of woody dicots with entire-margined leaves in a flora is known to be positively correlated with mean annual temperature (Leaf Margin Analysis — LMA) but this relationship is not globally uniform. In particular the floras of Australia and New Zealand have been regarded as displaying a different physiognomic relationship to climate than floras seen in the Northern Hemisphere. This di ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.07.015

17. Miocene to Pleistocene floras and climate of the Eastern Himalayan Siwaliks, and new palaeoelevation estimates for the Namling–Oiyug Basin, Tibet

Author:
Spicer, Teresa E.V.,   et al.   ; Khan, Mahasin Ali; Spicer, Robert A.; Bera, Subir; Ghosh, Ruby; Yang, Jian; Guo, Shuang-xing; Su, Tao; Jacques, Frédéric; Grote, Paul J.;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
Global and Planetary Change 2014 v.113 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
0921-8181
Subject:
basins; climate; cold; data collection; deformation; enthalpy; flora; fossils; growing season; leaves; loci; longitude; meteorological data; models; monsoon season; rain; sea level; sediments; temperature; uncertainty; winter; China; India; Thailand
Abstract:
... Four fossil floras ranging in age from the mid Miocene to the early Pleistocene from the eastern Siwaliks near Darjeeling and in Arunachal Pradesh (AP) were compared taxonomically and subjected to a CLAMP (Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) analysis using a new calibration dataset that includes sites from India, southern China and Thailand and high resolution gridded climate data. Two low ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.12.003