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- Author:
- William P Kemp, et al. ; Brian Dennis; Show all 2 Author
- Source:
- Plos One 2016 v.11 no.2 pp. e0150055
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Subject:
- Apoidea; adults; apiculture; carrying capacity; climate change; ecological resilience; environmental factors; honey bee colonies; honey bees; mathematical models; mites; mortality; pathogens; pesticides; risk; social behavior; swarms; viability
- Abstract:
- ... We construct a mathematical model to quantify the loss of resilience in collapsing honey bee colonies due to the presence of a strong Allee effect. In the model, recruitment and mortality of adult bees have substantial social components, with recruitment enhanced and mortality reduced by additional adult bee numbers. The result is an Allee effect, a net per-individual rate of hive increase that in ...
- Datasets:
- Data from: How Hives Collapse: Allee Effects, Ecological Resilience, and the Honey Bee
- Handle:
- 10113/62091
- DOI:
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0150055
- PubMed:
- 26910061
- PubMed Central:
- PMC4765896
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150055
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Joseph P. Rinehart; George D. Yocum; Julia H. Bowsher; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of economic entomology 2016 v.109 no.3 pp. 993-1000
- ISSN:
- 0022-0493
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; adults; alfalfa; eclosion; managers; pollination; pollinators; pupae; spring; storage time; sublethal effects; survival rate; temperature; weather; North America
- Abstract:
- ... The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), is the primary pollinator for alfalfa seed production in North America. Under current management practice, developing pupae are incubated at 29–30C until the adults emerge for pollination. If unfavorable spring weather delays peak alfalfa bloom, managers will cool pupae to slow development, which can increase mortality and causes sublethal eff ...
- Handle:
- 10113/63015
- DOI:
- 10.1093/jee/tow026
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow026
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Theresa L. Pitts-Singer; Marcia M. Hagen; Bryan R. Helm; Steven Highland; James S. Buckner; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of chemical ecology 2017 v.43 no.5 pp. 451-468
- ISSN:
- 0098-0331
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; Osmia lignaria; adults; fatty acids; females; free fatty acids; hydrocarbons; lipid composition; nesting; pollination; solitary bees; wax esters
- Abstract:
- ... Species-specific biochemistry, morphology, and function of the Dufour’s gland have been investigated for social bees and some non-social bee families. Most of the solitary bees previously examined are ground-nesting bees that use Dufour’s gland secretions to line brood chambers. This study examines the chemistry of the cuticle and Dufour’s gland of cavity-nesting Megachile rotundata and Osmia lign ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s10886-017-0844-x
- PubMed:
- 28500569
- PubMed Central:
- PMC5487754
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-017-0844-x
- Author:
- WILLIAM P. KEMP, et al. ; FABIO SGOLASTRA; XAVIER ARNAN; THERESA L. PITTS‐SINGER; STEFANO MAINI; JORDI BOSCH; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Ecological entomology 2016 v.41 no.2 pp. 201-210
- ISSN:
- 0307-6946
- Subject:
- Osmia lignaria; adults; body weight changes; diapause; fat body; fecundity; females; longevity; metabolism; nesting; nests; ovarian development; solitary bees; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... 1. Diapause is a dynamic process of low metabolic activity that allows insects to survive periods of harsh conditions. Notwithstanding the lowered metabolism, and because diapausing insects have no access to food, diapause has an energetic cost that may affect post‐diapause performance. 2. Previous studies on the solitary bee Osmia lignaria have shown that prolonged pre‐wintering periods (the time ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/een.12292
- https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12292
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Alex S. Torson; George D. Yocum; Joseph P. Rinehart; Julia H. Bowsher; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of experimental biology 2015 v.218 no.7 pp. 1060-1068
- ISSN:
- 0022-0949
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; biochemical pathways; chilling injury; chronic exposure; cold treatment; gene expression regulation; homeostasis; immune response; longevity; neurogenesis; overwintering; oxidative stress; solitary bees; stress response; survival rate; temperature; thermal stress; transcription (genetics)
- Abstract:
- ... The transcriptional responses of insects to long-term, ecologically relevant temperature stress are poorly understood. Long-term exposure to low temperatures, commonly referred to as chilling, can lead to physiological effects collectively known as chill injury. Periodically increasing temperatures during long-term chilling has been shown to increase survival in many insects. However, the transcri ...
- Handle:
- 10113/60669
- DOI:
- 10.1242/jeb.113829
- https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.113829
6. Thermoperiodism Synchronizes Emergence in the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; George D. Yocum; Joseph P. Rinehart; Ian S. Yocum; Kendra J. Greenlee; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2016 v.45 no.1 pp. 245-251
- ISSN:
- 1938-2936
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; adults; alfalfa; females; growing season; nesting; nests; pollination; temperature; Canada; Northwestern United States
- Abstract:
- ... Alfalfa seed production in the northwestern United States and western Canada is heavily dependent upon the pollinating services of Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). M. rotundata females nest in cavities either naturally occurring or in artificial nesting blocks. Because of the physical nature of the nest, M. rotundata brood may have limited to no exposure to photoperiodic cues ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61955
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/nvv152
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvv152
- Author:
- William P Kemp, et al. ; George D Yocum; Joseph P Rinehart; Show all 3 Authors
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2014 v.43 no.4 pp. 1045-1052
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; brood cells; environmental factors; females; insect larvae; larval development; males; nesting; phenotype; prepupae; rearing
- Abstract:
- ... Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) is the primary pollinator of alfalfa in the northwestern United States and western Canada and provides pollination services for onion, carrot, hybrid canola, various legumes, and other specialty crops. M. rotundata females are gregarious, nest in cavities either naturally occurring or in artificial nesting blocks, where they construct a linear s ...
- Handle:
- 10113/59552
- DOI:
- 10.1603/EN13222
- https://doi.org/10.1603/EN13222
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Meghan M. Bennett; Keeley M. Cook; Joseph P. Rinehart; George D. Yocum; Kendra J. Greenlee; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Physiological and biochemical zoology 2015 v.88 no.5 pp. 508-520
- ISSN:
- 1522-2152
- Subject:
- brood cells; sublethal effects; metabolism; solitary bees; muscle development; longevity; metamorphosis; males; ambient temperature; body temperature; Megachile rotundata; spring; flight; latitude; length; insect development; neurodevelopment; wings; adults; juveniles
- Abstract:
- ... Metamorphosis is an important developmental stage for holometabolous insects, during which adult morphology and physiology are established. Proper development relies on optimal body temperatures, and natural ambient temperature (Ta) fluctuations, especially in spring or in northern latitudes, could result in interruptions to development. It is unclear how low-Ta exposure may affect insects that ar ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61431
- DOI:
- 10.1086/682024
- https://doi.org/10.1086/682024
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Fabio Sgolastra; Stefano Maini; Jordi Bosch; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of insect physiology 2012 v.58 no.7 pp. 924-933
- ISSN:
- 0022-1910
- Subject:
- Osmia; adults; diapause; dormancy; eclosion; heat sums; insect development; larvae; lipids; mortality; phenology; prepupae; summer; temperature; winter
- Abstract:
- ... Osmia (Osmia) bees are strictly univoltine and winter as diapausing adults. In these species, the timing of adult eclosion with the onset of wintering conditions is critical, because adults exposed to long pre-wintering periods show increased lipid loss and winter mortality. Populations from warm areas fly in February–March and are exposed to longer growth seasons than populations from colder area ...
- Handle:
- 10113/54518
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.04.008
- PubMed:
- 22546562
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.04.008
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Joseph P. Rinehart; George D. Yocum; Kendra J. Greenlee; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of Economic Entomology 2013 v.106 no.3 pp. 1081-1088
- ISSN:
- 1938-291X
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; cold storage; crops; growing season; insect development; overwintering; pollinators; prices; shelf life; spring; survival rate; temperature; uncertainty
- Abstract:
- ... The alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata (F.) is the primary pollinator for alfalfa seed production. Under standard management conditions, the alfalfa leafcutting bee develops to the diapausing prepupal stage under field conditions, after which they are cold-stored at a static temperature until the following spring, when temperatures are raised and development resumes. We have assessed the ...
- Handle:
- 10113/56900
- DOI:
- 10.1603/EC12486
- PubMed:
- 23865170
- https://doi.org/10.1603/EC12486
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; George D. Yocum; Joseph P. Rinehart; David P. Horvath; Jordi Bosch; Rami Alroobi; Saeed Salem; Show all 7 Authors
- Source:
- Physiological entomology 2015 v.40 no.2 pp. 103-112
- ISSN:
- 0307-6962
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; biological resources; cell cycle; chromatin; diapause; dormancy; gene expression regulation; glycolysis; insect physiology; insects; life cycle (organisms); messenger RNA; microRNA; neurosecretory system; seasonal variation; signal transduction; transcriptomics
- Abstract:
- ... Insect diapause (dormancy) synchronizes an insect's life cycle to seasonal changes in the abiotic and biotic resources required for development and reproduction. Transcription analysis of diapause to post‐diapause quiescent transition in the alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata Fabricius identifies 643 post‐diapause up‐regulated gene transcripts and 242 post‐diapause down‐regulated transcri ...
- Handle:
- 10113/60792
- DOI:
- 10.1111/phen.12093
- https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12093
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Austin A. Owings; George D. Yocum; Joseph P. Rinehart; Kendra J. Greenlee; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of insect physiology 2014 v.66 pp. 20-27
- ISSN:
- 0022-1910
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; X-radiation; abdomen; adults; anaerobic conditions; animals; brood cells; carbon dioxide; correlation; eggs; head; hypoxia; image analysis; insects; leaves; metamorphosis; nesting; oxygen; pupae; tracheae (invertebrates)
- Abstract:
- ... Megachile rotundata, the alfalfa leafcutting bee, is a solitary, cavity-nesting bee. M. rotundata develop from eggs laid inside brood cells constructed from leaf pieces and placed in series in an existing cavity. Due to the cavity nesting behavior of M. rotundata, developing bees may experience hypoxic conditions. The brood cell itself and the position of cell inside the cavity may impact the rate ...
- Handle:
- 10113/58943
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.05.003
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.05.003
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Christelle Guédot; James S. Buckner; Marcia M. Hagen; Jordi Bosch; Theresa L. Pitts-Singer; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2013 v.42 no.4 pp. 779-789
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; abdomen; aldehydes; chemical analysis; chemical composition; droplets; females; hydrocarbons; insect cuticle; lipids; marking behavior; nesting; nests; odor compounds; searching behavior; smell; solitary bees; wax esters
- Abstract:
- ... In-nest observations of the solitary bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), revealed that nesting females apply olfactory cues to nests for nest recognition. On their way in and out of the nest, females drag the abdomen along the entire length of the nest, and sometimes deposit fluid droplets from the tip of the abdomen. The removal of bee-marked sections of the nest resulted in hesitation and searching b ...
- Handle:
- 10113/58292
- DOI:
- 10.1603/EN13015
- PubMed:
- 23905742
- https://doi.org/10.1603/EN13015
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; George D. Yocum; Kendra J. Greenlee; Joseph P. Rinehart; Meghan M. Bennett; Show all 5 Authors
- Source:
- Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2011 v.160 no.4 pp. 480-485
- ISSN:
- 1095-6433
- Subject:
- Megachile rotundata; pupae; carbon dioxide; gas emissions; air temperature; insect physiology; gas exchange; temporal variation
- Abstract:
- ... Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), the primary pollinator used in alfalfa seed production, may need to be exposed to low-temperature storage to slow the insects' development to better match spring emergence with the alfalfa bloom. It has been demonstrated that using a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) improves the tolerance of pupae to low temperatures. Carbon dioxide emission rates w ...
- Handle:
- 10113/50426
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.08.004
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.08.004
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Fabio Sgolastra; James S. Buckner; Theresa L. Pitts-Singer; Stefano Maini; Jordi Bosch; Show all 6 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of insect physiology 2011 v.57 no.12 pp. 1651-1659
- ISSN:
- 0022-1910
- Subject:
- Osmia lignaria; adults; cell respiration; diapause; eclosion; fat body; global warming; heat sums; latitude; lipids; longevity; metabolism; mortality; overwintering; phenotype; photoperiod; prepupae; solitary bees; summer; temperature; univoltine habit; weight loss; winter
- Abstract:
- ... The impact of climate change on insect populations depends on specific life cycle traits and physiological adaptations. The solitary bee Osmia lignaria winters as a pre-emergent adult, and requires a period of cold temperature for winter diapause completion. It is a univoltine species, and diapause induction does not depend on photoperiod. To understand the potential effects of longer summers on O ...
- Handle:
- 10113/54845
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.08.017
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.08.017
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Robert M. Davis; Melvin D. Skold; James S. Berry; Show all 4 Authors
- Source:
- Journal of agricultural and resource economics 1992 v.17 no.1 pp. 56-65
- ISSN:
- 1068-5502
- Subject:
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; climatic factors; economic threshold; forage; grasshoppers; guidelines; livestock; rangelands
- Abstract:
- ... The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is responsible for controlling grasshopper populations on public rangelands. Under current guidelines, control of grasshoppers on rangeland should occur if grasshopper densities are at least eight per square yard. This article evaluates the concept of an economic threshold relative to the value of forage saved ...
- DOI:
- http://www.waeaonline.org/jareonline/archives/17.1%20-%20July%201992/JARE,Jul1992,pp56,Davis.pdf
- https://doi.org/http://www.waeaonline.org/jareonline/archives/17.1%20-%20July%201992/JARE,Jul1992,pp56,Davis.pdf
- Author:
- William P. Kemp, et al. ; Karen M. Kapheim; Hailin Pan; Cai Li; Steven L. Salzberg; Daniela Puiu; Tanja Magoc; Hugh M. Robertson; Matthew E. Hudson; Aarti Venkat; Brielle J. Fischman; Alvaro Hernandez; Mark Yandell; Daniel Ence; Carson Holt; George D. Yocum; Jordi Bosch; Robert M. Waterhouse; Evgeny M. Zdobnov; Eckart Stolle; F. Bernhard Kraus; Sophie Helbing; Robin F. A. Moritz; Karl M. Glastad; Brendan G. Hunt; Michael A. D. Goodisman; Frank Hauser; Cornelis J. P. Grimmelikhuijzen; Daniel Guariz Pinheiro; Francis Morais Franco Nunes; Michelle Prioli Miranda Soares; Érica Donato Tanaka; Zilá Luz Paulino Simões; Klaus Hartfelder; Jay D. Evans; Seth M. Barribeau; Reed M. Johnson; Jonathan H. Massey; Bruce R. Southey; Martin Hasselmann; Daniel Hamacher; Matthias Biewer; Clement F. Kent; Amro Zayed; Charles Blatti; Saurabh Sinha; J. Spencer Johnston; Shawn J. Hanrahan; Sarah D. Kocher; Jun Wang; Gene E. Robinson; Guojie Zhang; Show all 52 Authors
- Source:
- Science 2015 v.348 no.6239 pp. 1139-1143
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- Apoidea; evolution; genes; insect behavior; social behavior; transposons
- Abstract:
- ... The evolution of eusociality is one of the major transitions in evolution, but the underlying genomic changes are unknown. We compared the genomes of 10 bee species that vary in social complexity, representing multiple independent transitions in social evolution, and report three major findings. First, many important genes show evidence of neutral evolution as a consequence of relaxed selection wi ...
- Handle:
- 10113/61181
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.aaa4788
- PubMed:
- 25977371
- PubMed Central:
- PMC5471836
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa4788