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Xchromosome, etc ; cells; genomics; regulatory sequences; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Gjaltema et al. (2021) perform systematic screens to identify the long-sought cis-regulatory elements of Xist. They discover that distal elements give Xist a boost as cells exit pluripotency, while proximal elements restrict Xist expression to cells with two X chromosomes. ...
Xchromosome, etc ; ancestry; genetic analysis; genomics; phenotype; Argentina; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Aiming to determine their ancestry diagnostic potential, we selected two sets of nuclear deletion/insertion polymorphisms (DIPs), including 30 located on autosomal chromosomes and 33 on the X chromosome. We analysed over 200 unrelated Argentinean individuals living in urban areas of Argentina. As in most American countries, the extant Argentinean population is the result of tricontinental genetic ...
... The cotton‐melon aphid Aphis gossypii is a sap‐sucking insect that is considered a serious global pest. The species is distributed over a large geographical range and uses a wide variety of hosts, with some populations being specialized to attack different plant species. Here, we provide de novo chromosome‐level genome assemblies of a cotton specialist population (Hap1) and a cucurbit specialist p ...
Xchromosome, etc ; Teleogryllus oceanicus; alleles; evolution; homozygosity; life history; males; mutation; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Associations between heritable polymorphisms and life‐history traits, such as development time or reproductive investment, may play an underappreciated role in maintaining polymorphic systems. This is because selection acting on a particular morph could be bolstered or disrupted by correlated changes in life history or vice versa. In a Hawaiian population of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus ...
Xchromosome, etc ; DNA; RNA interference; chromatin; genome; mammals; models; scaffolding proteins; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Here we provide a brief review of relevant background before presenting results of our investigation into the interplay between scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A), chromatin-associated RNAs, and DNA condensation. SAF-A, also termed heterogenous nuclear protein U (hnRNP U), is a ubiquitous nuclear scaffold protein that was implicated in XIST RNA localization to the inactive X-chromosome (Xi) but ...
Xchromosome, etc ; Y chromosome; agricultural sciences; autosomes; blood; diploidy; karyotyping; metaphase; zebu; India; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nattukuttai is a small-sized cattle population, native to north-eastern districts of Tamil Nadu. In light of the ongoing research on genetic characterisation of cattle genetic resources of India, the present study was undertaken with the objective of cytogenetic characterisation of Nattukuttai cattle, which is imperative for its conservation and genetic implications to breeding programs. Blood sam ...
Xchromosome, etc ; fibroblasts; genes; mutation; nervous system; neuroplasticity; patients; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Investigating novel genetic variants involved in intellectual disability (ID) development is essential. X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) accounts for over 10% of all cases of ID in males. XLID genes are involved in many cellular pathways and processes. Some of them are not specific to the development and functioning of the neural system. The implementation of exome sequencing simplifies the ...
Xchromosome, etc ; androgen receptors; behavior disorders; carrier state; exons; females; humans; methylation; phenotype; regulator genes; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a developmental process to compensate the imbalance in the dosage of X-chromosomal genes in females. A skewing of the XCI pattern may suggest a carrier status for an X-linked disease or explain the presence of a severe phenotype. In these cases, it is important to determine the XCI pattern, conventionally using the gold standard Human Androgen-Receptor Assay (HUM ...
... Xist plays a critical role in the X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), an important epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Modulation of Xist expression enhanced the developmental ability of mouse cloned embryos. However, the roles of Xist in buffalo SCNT embryos remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the methylation and expression status of Xist in different ...
Xchromosome, etc ; genomics; human diseases; pathogenesis; phenotype; therapeutics; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a process involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. In this mini review, we discuss the known mechanisms associated with XCI, when and how does it initiate, spreads and maintain, as well as the mechanisms that allow some genes to escape from it. We address the skewed XCI, condition in which the process are not fully randomized and its consequences to the ...
Glendon J. Parker; Tammy Buonasera; Julia M. Yip; Jelmer W. Eerkens; Michelle Salemi; Blythe Durbin-Johnson; Randall Haas; Jane E. Buikstra; Haagen Klaus; David M. Rocke; Brett Phinney
Xchromosome, etc ; Y chromosome; archaeology; data collection; enamel; females; genes; genomics; males; mass spectrometry; meta-analysis; peptides; proteomics; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Biomolecular sex estimation promises to fill a major gap in the bioarchaeological record by providing estimates of biological sex for skeletal remains with degraded or ambiguous osteological sex-specific markers. Genomic and proteomic sex estimation, like all analytical methods, have limitations and require frameworks to address the problems of low signal samples and the inevitable conflicting res ...
... Biological sex influences inflammatory response, as there is a greater incidence of acute inflammation in men and chronic inflammation in women. Here, we report that acute inflammation is attenuated by X-inactive specific transcript (Xist), a female cell-specific nuclear long noncoding RNA crucial for X-chromosome inactivation. Lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute inflammation increased Xist levels i ...
Xchromosome, etc ; Axis axis; T-lymphocytes; Y chromosome; acrocentric chromosomes; chromosome number; deer; diploidy; females; haploidy; hybrids; karyotyping; males; telocentric chromosomes; Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... The chromosome analyses of F₁ hybrid male deer from the cross of Hyelaphus porcinus male and Axis axis female have been presented. Chromosomes were prepared from T-lymphocyte by conventional staining and GTC-banding techniques. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of F₁ hybrid male deer was 2n = 67, fundamental number was 70. The special karyotype consisted of 2 large metacentric, ...
Xchromosome, etc ; DNA; Sertoli cells; Y chromosome; aneuploidy; blood; databases; fish; genes; genomics; inhibin; males; mechanism of action; microarray technology; pathogenesis; spermatogenesis; Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCOS) is characterized by complete absence of germ cells in seminiferous tubules of testis. SCOS is multifactorial but genetic factors play a major role in pathogenesis of the disorder with idiopathic origin. Genetic factors majorly include sex chromosomal aneuploidy and Yq Microdeletion. But a large number of cases are still idiopathic. The study aimed to evaluate the ...
... The recent report of X-chromosome dampening in human preimplantation embryos remains controversial. Subsequently, Sahakyan et al. found evidence of X-chromosome dampening in human naïve pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as well. Here, we discuss whether X-dampening reported in hPSCs truly reflects the dampening of X-chromosomes or it is a consequence of the erasure of X-chromosome upregulation. ...
... X‐chromosome inactivation ensures dosage compensation between the sexes in mammals by randomly choosing one out of the two X chromosomes in females for inactivation. This process imposes a plethora of questions: How do cells count their X chromosome number and ensure that exactly one stays active? How do they randomly choose one of two identical X chromosomes for inactivation? And how do they stab ...
Xchromosome, etc ; Y chromosome; autosomes; bulls; chromosome number; heterochromatin; semen; zebu; India; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... AbstractA chromosomal polymorphism was detected on karyological screening of Kangayam breeding sires prior to subjecting them for frozen semen collection. One bull possessed the chromosomal complement 2n = 60, consisting of 58 acrocentric autosomes, one large sub-metacentric X-chromosome, and one small acrocentric Y-chromosome with a small visible p-arm, which was further confirmed using CBG- and ...
Xchromosome, etc ; RNA; absorption; childhood; color vision; exons; haplotypes; humans; light intensity; retina; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the first step in seeing. Two types of photoreceptors in the human retina are responsible for image formation: rods, and cones. Except at very low light levels when rods are active, all vision is based on cones. Cones mediate high acuity vision and color vision. Furthermore, they are critically important in ...
Xchromosome, etc ; Laodelphax striatellus; Nilaparvata lugens; Sogatella furcifera; Y chromosome; evolution; females; genes; genome assembly; host range; insect pests; males; pest control; research; rice; Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, white‐backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera, and small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus are three major insect pests of rice. They are genetically close; however, they differ in several ecological traits such as host range, migration capacity, and in their sex chromosomes. Though the draft genome of these three planthoppers have been previously re ...
Xchromosome, etc ; NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming); alleles; females; monocytes; neutrophils; protein synthesis; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... X-linked Granulomatous Disease (XL-CGD) carriers were previously thought to be clinically healthy because random X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) allows approximately half of their phagocytes/monocytes to express functional gp91phox protein. This supports the NADPH oxidase activity necessary for the killing of engulfed pathogens. Some XL-CGD carriers suffer from inflammatory and autoimmune manifest ...