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You searched for: Subject "X chromosome" Remove constraint Subject: "X chromosome"
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1. Lesson of regulatory anatomy: Using integrated functional genomics to dissect the X-inactivation center

Author:
Elphège P. Nora
Source:
Molecular cell 2022 v.82 no.1 pp. 10-12
ISSN:
1097-2765
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; cells; genomics; regulatory sequences;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Gjaltema et al. (2021) perform systematic screens to identify the long-sought cis-regulatory elements of Xist. They discover that distal elements give Xist a boost as cells exit pluripotency, while proximal elements restrict Xist expression to cells with two X chromosomes. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.009

2. Ancestral genetic legacy of the extant population of Argentina as predicted by autosomal and X-chromosomal DIPs

Author:
M. Caputo; M. A. Amador; A. Sala; A. Riveiro dos Santos; S. Santos; D. Corach
Source:
Molecular genetics and genomics 2021 v.296 no.3 pp. 581-590
ISSN:
1617-4615
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; ancestry; genetic analysis; genomics; phenotype; Argentina;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Aiming to determine their ancestry diagnostic potential, we selected two sets of nuclear deletion/insertion polymorphisms (DIPs), including 30 located on autosomal chromosomes and 33 on the X chromosome. We analysed over 200 unrelated Argentinean individuals living in urban areas of Argentina. As in most American countries, the extant Argentinean population is the result of tricontinental genetic ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00438-020-01755-w

3. Chromosome‐level genome assemblies of two cotton‐melon aphid Aphis gossypii biotypes unveil mechanisms of host adaption

Author:
Shuai Zhang; Xueke Gao; Li Wang; Weili Jiang; Honghua Su; Tianxing Jing; Jinjie Cui; Lijuan Zhang; Yizhong Yang
Source:
Molecular ecology resources 2022 v.22 no.3 pp. 1120-1134
ISSN:
1755-098X
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; Aphis gossypii; Cucurbitaceae; cotton; cytochrome P-450; ecology; evolution; gene duplication; genes; genomics; germplasm conservation; glutathione transferase; insecticide resistance; insects; pests; taste; variance;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... The cotton‐melon aphid Aphis gossypii is a sap‐sucking insect that is considered a serious global pest. The species is distributed over a large geographical range and uses a wide variety of hosts, with some populations being specialized to attack different plant species. Here, we provide de novo chromosome‐level genome assemblies of a cotton specialist population (Hap1) and a cucurbit specialist p ...
DOI:
10.1111/1755-0998.13521

4. Sex‐specific associations between life‐history traits and a novel reproductive polymorphism in the Pacific field cricket

Author:
Jon Richardson; Justa L. Heinen‐Kay; Marlene Zuk
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2021 v.34 no.3 pp. 549-557
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; Teleogryllus oceanicus; alleles; evolution; homozygosity; life history; males; mutation;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Associations between heritable polymorphisms and life‐history traits, such as development time or reproductive investment, may play an underappreciated role in maintaining polymorphic systems. This is because selection acting on a particular morph could be bolstered or disrupted by correlated changes in life history or vice versa. In a Hawaiian population of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeb.13758

5. SAF-A mutants disrupt chromatin structure through dominant negative effects on RNAs associated with chromatin

Author:
Heather J. Kolpa; Kevin M. Creamer; Lisa L. Hall; Jeanne B. Lawrence
Source:
Mammalian genome 2022 v.33 no.2 pp. 366-381
ISSN:
0938-8990
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; DNA; RNA interference; chromatin; genome; mammals; models; scaffolding proteins;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Here we provide a brief review of relevant background before presenting results of our investigation into the interplay between scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A), chromatin-associated RNAs, and DNA condensation. SAF-A, also termed heterogenous nuclear protein U (hnRNP U), is a ubiquitous nuclear scaffold protein that was implicated in XIST RNA localization to the inactive X-chromosome (Xi) but ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00335-021-09935-8

6. Cytogenetic characterisation of Nattukuttai - A non-descript cattle population of Tamil Nadu

Author:
Ymberzal Koul; V. Harshini; S.M.K. Karthickeyan; K. Thilak Pon Jawahar; A. Gopinathan
Source:
Agricultural science digest 2022 v.42 no.1 pp. 109-113
ISSN:
0976-0547
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; Y chromosome; agricultural sciences; autosomes; blood; diploidy; karyotyping; metaphase; zebu; India;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nattukuttai is a small-sized cattle population, native to north-eastern districts of Tamil Nadu. In light of the ongoing research on genetic characterisation of cattle genetic resources of India, the present study was undertaken with the objective of cytogenetic characterisation of Nattukuttai cattle, which is imperative for its conservation and genetic implications to breeding programs. Blood sam ...
DOI:
10.18805/ag.D-5056

7. WDR13: A Novel Gene Implicated in Non-Syndromic Intellectual Disability

Author:
Sylwia Rzońca-Niewczas; Jolanta Wierzba; Ewa Kaczorowska; Milena Poryszewska; Joanna Kosińska; Piotr Stawiński; Rafał Płoski; Jerzy Bal
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; fibroblasts; genes; mutation; nervous system; neuroplasticity; patients; quantitative polymerase chain reaction;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Investigating novel genetic variants involved in intellectual disability (ID) development is essential. X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) accounts for over 10% of all cases of ID in males. XLID genes are involved in many cellular pathways and processes. Some of them are not specific to the development and functioning of the neural system. The implementation of exome sequencing simplifies the ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12121911

8. Use of the FMR1 Gene Methylation Status to Assess the X-Chromosome Inactivation Pattern: A Stepwise Analysis

Author:
Bárbara Rodrigues; Ana Gonçalves; Vanessa Sousa; Nuno Maia; Isabel Marques; Emídio Vale-Fernandes; Rosário Santos; António J. A. Nogueira; Paula Jorge
Source:
Genes 2022 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; androgen receptors; behavior disorders; carrier state; exons; females; humans; methylation; phenotype; regulator genes;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a developmental process to compensate the imbalance in the dosage of X-chromosomal genes in females. A skewing of the XCI pattern may suggest a carrier status for an X-linked disease or explain the presence of a severe phenotype. In these cases, it is important to determine the XCI pattern, conventionally using the gold standard Human Androgen-Receptor Assay (HUM ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes13030419

9. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Xist improves development of the female buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) nuclear transfer embryos

Author:
Zhengda Li; Ziyun Ruan; Xin Zhao; Xiling Qin; Jun Zhang; Yun Feng; Jiaka Lu; Deshun Shi; Fenghua Lu
Source:
Theriogenology 2022 v.187 pp. 27-33
ISSN:
0093-691X
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; Bubalus bubalis; animal reproduction; blastocyst; buffaloes; epigenetics; females; fibroblasts; genes; methylation; mice; somatic cells;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Xist plays a critical role in the X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), an important epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Modulation of Xist expression enhanced the developmental ability of mouse cloned embryos. However, the roles of Xist in buffalo SCNT embryos remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the methylation and expression status of Xist in different ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.020

10. X-chromosome inactivation: implications in human disease

Author:
Guilherme Pereira; Sofia Dória
Source:
Journal of genetics 2021 v.100 no.2 pp. 63
ISSN:
0022-1333
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; genomics; human diseases; pathogenesis; phenotype; therapeutics;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a process involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. In this mini review, we discuss the known mechanisms associated with XCI, when and how does it initiate, spreads and maintain, as well as the mechanisms that allow some genes to escape from it. We address the skewed XCI, condition in which the process are not fully randomized and its consequences to the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12041-021-01314-1

11. AMELY deletion is not detected in systematically sampled reference populations: A Reply to Štamfelj

Author:
Glendon J. Parker; Tammy Buonasera; Julia M. Yip; Jelmer W. Eerkens; Michelle Salemi; Blythe Durbin-Johnson; Randall Haas; Jane E. Buikstra; Haagen Klaus; David M. Rocke; Brett Phinney
Source:
Journal of archaeological science 2021 v.130 pp. 105354
ISSN:
0305-4403
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; Y chromosome; archaeology; data collection; enamel; females; genes; genomics; males; mass spectrometry; meta-analysis; peptides; proteomics;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Biomolecular sex estimation promises to fill a major gap in the bioarchaeological record by providing estimates of biological sex for skeletal remains with degraded or ambiguous osteological sex-specific markers. Genomic and proteomic sex estimation, like all analytical methods, have limitations and require frameworks to address the problems of low signal samples and the inevitable conflicting res ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2021.105354

12. Xist attenuates acute inflammatory response by female cells

Author:
Botros B. Shenoda; Sujay Ramanathan; Richa Gupta; Yuzhen Tian; Renee Jean-Toussaint; Guillermo M. Alexander; Sankar Addya; Srinivas Somarowthu; Ahmet Sacan; Seena K. Ajit
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2021 v.78 no.1 pp. 299-316
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; anti-inflammatory activity; cytoplasm; females; humans; inflammation; interleukin-6; macrophages; males; mice; monocytes; non-coding RNA; splenocytes;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Biological sex influences inflammatory response, as there is a greater incidence of acute inflammation in men and chronic inflammation in women. Here, we report that acute inflammation is attenuated by X-inactive specific transcript (Xist), a female cell-specific nuclear long noncoding RNA crucial for X-chromosome inactivation. Lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute inflammation increased Xist levels i ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-020-03500-3

13. The somatic chromosomes of F1 hybrid male deer (Hyelaphus porcinus × Axis axis) by comparative banding techniques

Author:
Praween Supanuam; Krit Pinthong; Sineenat Kembubpha; Somkid Chaiphech; Phanom Chinnapap; Alongklod Tanomtong
Source:
Nucleus 2021 v.64 no.2 pp. 235-241
ISSN:
0029-568X
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; Axis axis; T-lymphocytes; Y chromosome; acrocentric chromosomes; chromosome number; deer; diploidy; females; haploidy; hybrids; karyotyping; males; telocentric chromosomes;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... The chromosome analyses of F₁ hybrid male deer from the cross of Hyelaphus porcinus male and Axis axis female have been presented. Chromosomes were prepared from T-lymphocyte by conventional staining and GTC-banding techniques. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of F₁ hybrid male deer was 2n = 67, fundamental number was 70. The special karyotype consisted of 2 large metacentric, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13237-020-00320-5

14. Identification of genomic imbalances (CNVs as well as LOH) in sertoli cell only syndrome cases through cytoscan microarray

Author:
Aiyush Sharma; Manish Jain; Ashutosh Halder; Seema Kaushal
Source:
Gene 2021 v.801 pp. 145851
ISSN:
0378-1119
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; DNA; Sertoli cells; Y chromosome; aneuploidy; blood; databases; fish; genes; genomics; inhibin; males; mechanism of action; microarray technology; pathogenesis; spermatogenesis;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCOS) is characterized by complete absence of germ cells in seminiferous tubules of testis. SCOS is multifactorial but genetic factors play a major role in pathogenesis of the disorder with idiopathic origin. Genetic factors majorly include sex chromosomal aneuploidy and Yq Microdeletion. But a large number of cases are still idiopathic. The study aimed to evaluate the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gene.2021.145851

15. Dampened X-chromosomes in human pluripotent stem cells: dampening or erasure of X-upregulation?

Author:
Harman Kaur; Pavithra RV; Srimonta Gayen
Source:
Chromosoma 2020 v.129 no.2 pp. 111-113
ISSN:
0009-5915
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; humans; stem cells;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The recent report of X-chromosome dampening in human preimplantation embryos remains controversial. Subsequently, Sahakyan et al. found evidence of X-chromosome dampening in human naïve pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as well. Here, we discuss whether X-dampening reported in hPSCs truly reflects the dampening of X-chromosomes or it is a consequence of the erasure of X-chromosome upregulation. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00412-019-00717-5

16. Dosage Sensing, Threshold Responses, and Epigenetic Memory: A Systems Biology Perspective on Random X‐Chromosome Inactivation

Author:
Verena Mutzel; Edda G. Schulz
Source:
BioEssays 2020 v.42 no.4 pp. e1900163
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; chromosome number; epigenetics;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... X‐chromosome inactivation ensures dosage compensation between the sexes in mammals by randomly choosing one out of the two X chromosomes in females for inactivation. This process imposes a plethora of questions: How do cells count their X chromosome number and ensure that exactly one stays active? How do they randomly choose one of two identical X chromosomes for inactivation? And how do they stab ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.201900163

17. A rare chromosomal polymorphism in a Kangayam bull (Bos indicus) of south India

Author:
Vemula Harshini; P. Kumarasamy; S.M.K. Karthickeyan
Source:
Comparative cytogenetics 2021 v.15 no.4 pp. 459-465
ISSN:
1993-078X
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; Y chromosome; autosomes; bulls; chromosome number; heterochromatin; semen; zebu; India;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... AbstractA chromosomal polymorphism was detected on karyological screening of Kangayam breeding sires prior to subjecting them for frozen semen collection. One bull possessed the chromosomal complement 2n = 60, consisting of 58 acrocentric autosomes, one large sub-metacentric X-chromosome, and one small acrocentric Y-chromosome with a small visible p-arm, which was further confirmed using CBG- and ...
DOI:
10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.71295

18. Intermixing the OPN1LW and OPN1MW Genes Disrupts the Exonic Splicing Code Causing an Array of Vision Disorders

Author:
Maureen Neitz; Jay Neitz
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; RNA; absorption; childhood; color vision; exons; haplotypes; humans; light intensity; retina;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the first step in seeing. Two types of photoreceptors in the human retina are responsible for image formation: rods, and cones. Except at very low light levels when rods are active, all vision is based on cones. Cones mediate high acuity vision and color vision. Furthermore, they are critically important in ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12081180

19. Chromosomal‐level genomes of three rice planthoppers provide new insights into sex chromosome evolution

Author:
Weihua Ma; Le Xu; Hongxia Hua; Mengyao Chen; Mengjian Guo; Kang He; Jing Zhao; Fei Li
Source:
Molecular ecology resources 2021 v.21 no.1 pp. 226-237
ISSN:
1755-098X
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; Laodelphax striatellus; Nilaparvata lugens; Sogatella furcifera; Y chromosome; evolution; females; genes; genome assembly; host range; insect pests; males; pest control; research; rice;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, white‐backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera, and small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus are three major insect pests of rice. They are genetically close; however, they differ in several ecological traits such as host range, migration capacity, and in their sex chromosomes. Though the draft genome of these three planthoppers have been previously re ...
DOI:
10.1111/1755-0998.13242

20. Immunological Aspects of X-Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease Female Carriers

Author:
Maria Chiriaco; Irene Salfa; Giorgiana Madalina Ursu; Cristina Cifaldi; Silvia Di Cesare; Paolo Rossi; Gigliola Di Matteo; Andrea Finocchi
Source:
Antioxidants 2021 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-3921
Subject:
X chromosome,   etc   ; NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming); alleles; females; monocytes; neutrophils; protein synthesis;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... X-linked Granulomatous Disease (XL-CGD) carriers were previously thought to be clinically healthy because random X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) allows approximately half of their phagocytes/monocytes to express functional gp91phox protein. This supports the NADPH oxidase activity necessary for the killing of engulfed pathogens. Some XL-CGD carriers suffer from inflammatory and autoimmune manifest ...
DOI:
10.3390/antiox10060891