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1. Improved premixing in-line injection system for variable-rate orchard sprayers with Arduino platform

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Zhang, Zhihong; Guler, Huseyin; Shen, Yue;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2019 v.162 pp. 389-396
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
fluorescence; mixing; nozzles; oils; orchards; pesticides; sprayers; sucrose; tap water; turpentine; viscosity
Abstract:
... To reduce the tank mixture leftover problem associated with variable-rate orchard sprayers, an experimental automatic premixing in-line injection system was developed with Arduino platform. This system primarily consisted of a precision fluid metering pump, a water pump, a static mixer, a premixing tank and a buffer tank. The required amounts of water and chemical concentrates were accurately pump ...
Handle:
10113/6379491
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2019.04.023

2. SAAS, a computer program for estimating pesticide spray efficiency and drift of air-assisted pesticide applications

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Hong, Se-Woon; Zhao, Lingying;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2018 v.155 pp. 58-68
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
air-assisted sprayers; computer software; databases; droplets; farmers; fluid mechanics; orchards; pesticide application; pesticides; risk; risk reduction; spray drift; weather
Abstract:
... The challenges of ground pesticide applications arise from the increased concerns on potential risks of spray drift to the environment. This paper presents the development of a software application for estimation of spray efficiency and drift from pesticide applications using orchard air-assisted sprayers. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations provide solutions to the fate and transpo ...
Handle:
10113/6254362
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2018.09.031

3. CFD simulation of airflow inside tree canopies discharged from air-assisted sprayers

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Hong, Se-Woon; Zhao, Lingying;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2018 v.149 pp. 121-132
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
air; air flow; air-assisted sprayers; canopy; droplets; field experimentation; geometry; industry; models; pesticide application; pesticides; pollution; porous media; prediction; specialty crops; spray drift; trees
Abstract:
... Effective pesticide application is not only essential for specialty crop industries but also very important for addressing increasing concerns about environmental contamination caused by pesticide spray drift. Numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can contribute to better understanding of the transport of spray droplets carried by strong air jets from sprayers. In this resear ...
Handle:
10113/5761389
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2017.07.011

4. CFD simulation of pesticide spray from air-assisted sprayers in an apple orchard: Tree deposition and off-target losses

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Hong, Se-Woon; Zhao, Lingying;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2018 v.175 pp. 109-119
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
air-assisted sprayers; apples; atmospheric chemistry; canopy; developmental stages; droplets; fluid mechanics; leaves; model validation; orchards; pesticides; simulation models; spray coverage; spray deposition; spraying; trees; wastes; wind speed
Abstract:
... The ultimate goal of a pesticide spraying system is to provide adequate coverage on intended canopies with a minimum amount of spray materials and off-target waste. Better spray coverage requires an understanding of the fate and transport of spray droplets carried by turbulent airflows in orchards. In this study, an integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to predict displ ...
Handle:
10113/5912818
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.12.001
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.12.001

5. Detection of 3-D objects with a 2-D laser scanning sensor for greenhouse spray applications

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Yan, Tingting; Sun, Li; Wang, Xiaochan; Ling, Peter;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2018 v.152 pp. 363-374
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
algorithms; cardboard; color; data collection; greenhouses; texture
Abstract:
... Precise measurement of plant dimensions can provide essential information for variable-rate spray application technologies to discharge the amounts of chemicals actually needed by the plants. The accuracy of a 270° radial laser scanning sensor combined with a specially-designed plant surface mapping algorithm was evaluated in detection of complex-shaped object surfaces and sizes. Data acquisition ...
Handle:
10113/6101615
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2018.07.030
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.compag.2018.07.030

6. Spray Penetration and Natural Enemy Survival in Dense and Sparse Plant Canopies Treated with Carbaryl: Implications for Chemical and Biological Control

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Yeary, Whitney; Fulcher, Amy; Klingeman, William; Grant, Jerome;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Journal of environmental horticulture 2018 v.36 no.1 pp. 21-29
ISSN:
0738-2898
Subject:
Chrysoperla rufilabris; Hippodamia convergens; beneficial insects; biological control; canopy; carbaryl; chemical control; foliar spraying; insect control; insect pests; insecticides; natural enemies; nontarget organisms; nursery crops; ornamental woody plants; pesticide application; plant architecture; spray coverage
Abstract:
... Ornamental plant producers often rely on chemical control to manage insect pests. However, cultural practices, such as pruning, can influence plant architecture which may, in turn, affect pesticide penetration. Spray penetration was studied to determine the effect of canopy density on beneficial insect survival following insecticide application and to better understand the implications of canopy d ...
Handle:
10113/6471018
DOI:
10.24266/0738-2898-36.1.21

7. Evaluation of a laser scanning sensor on detection of complex shaped targets for variable-rate sprayer development

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Liu, Hui;     Show all 2 Author
Source:
Transactions of the ASABE 2016 v.59 no.5 pp. 1181-1192
ISSN:
2151-0032
Subject:
accuracy; algorithms; cameras; canopy; computers; cylinders; data collection; detection; equipment performance; image analysis; lasers; ornamental trees; sensors (equipment); sprayers
Abstract:
... Sensors that can accurately measure canopy structures are prerequisites for development of advanced variable-rate sprayers. A 270° radial range laser sensor was evaluated for its accuracy to measure dimensions of target surfaces with complex shapes and sizes. An algorithm for data acquisition and 3-dimensional canopy image construction were designed and processed with an embedded computer. Test ta ...
Handle:
10113/5801825
DOI:
10.13031/trans.59.11760

8. Hyperspectral Evaluation of Venturia inaequalis Management Using the Disease Predictive Model RIMpro in the Northeastern U.S.

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Wallhead, Matthew; Broders, Kirk;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Agricultural sciences 2017 v.8 no.12 pp. 1358-1371
ISSN:
2156-8553
Subject:
Internet; Malus domestica; Venturia inaequalis; apples; crop production; decision support systems; disease control; fruit growing; fungicides; health status; hyperspectral imagery; leaves; models; pesticide application; plant health; spectroradiometers; trees; vegetation index; Northeastern United States
Abstract:
... Use of hyperspectral spectroradiometers allows for information on different light bands to be captured, allowing for much easier identification of plant health status. Apple scab, caused by the ascomycete Venturia inaequalis, is globally the most important disease in the production of apples. RIMpro is a web-based decision support system for orchardists that has the capacity to improve optimal fun ...
Handle:
10113/6471420
DOI:
10.4236/as.017.812098

9. Iodine-catalyzed synthesis of N,N′-diaryl-o-phenylenediamines from cyclohexanones and anilines using DMSO and O₂ as oxidants

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Xiong, Mingteng; Gao, Zhan; Liang, Xiao; Cai, Pengfei; Pan, Yuanjiang;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Chemical communications 2018 v.54 no.69 pp. 9679-9682
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
aromatization; cyclohexanones; dimethyl sulfoxide; oxidants; oxygen
Abstract:
... A novel I₂-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanones and anilines to synthesize N,N′-diaryl-o-phenylenediamines has been unprecedentedly developed with dimethyl sulfoxide and oxygen employed as mild terminal oxidants. To prove the rationality of the two separate dehydration steps of the proposed mechanism, a resulting I₂-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative aromatization of cycloh ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8cc05320k

10. Dynamics of water droplet impact and spread on soybean leaves

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Jia, Weidong;     Show all 2 Author
Source:
Transactions of the ASABE 2015 v.58 no.4 pp. 1009-1016
ISSN:
2151-0032
Subject:
Glycine max; droplet studies; droplets; generators (equipment); leaves; soybeans; spray coverage; spraying; video cameras
Abstract:
... Soybeans are often sprayed to prevent significant yield loss from damage by insect pests and plant diseases. Understanding interactions of spray droplet reactions on soybean plant surfaces can lead to development of improved application strategies to enhance efficacy of pesticides. In this research, dynamics of impact and spread of water droplets of 185 to 693 µm at 1.85 to 6.4 m s-1 impact speeds ...
Handle:
10113/61831
DOI:
10.13031/trans.58.11147

11. A Workflow for Extracting Plot-level Biophysical Indicators From Aerially Acquired Multispectral Imagery

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Wallhead, Matthew; Sulik, John; Stump, William;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Plant health progress 2017 v.18 no.2 pp. 95-96
ISSN:
1535-1025
Subject:
altitude; data collection; decision making; farmers; health status; image analysis; multispectral imagery; plant health; professionals; unmanned aerial vehicles; vegetation index
Abstract:
... Advances in technologies associated with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have allowed researchers, farmers and agribusinesses to incorporate UAVs coupled with imaging systems into data collection and decision making. Multispectral imagery allows for a quantitative assessment of biophysical indicators or plant health status. What is needed now is a standardized workflow for the quantitative assessm ...
DOI:
10.1094/PHP-04-17-0025-PS

12. Laboratory evaluation of electrostatic spray wet scrubber to control particulate matter emissions from poultry facilities

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Ru, Yu; Zhao, Lingying; Hadlocon, Lara Jane S.; Ramdon, Sanjay K.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Environmental technology 2017 v.38 no.1 pp. 23-33
ISSN:
1479-487X
Subject:
air; air pollution; animal production; environmental technology; human health; models; particulate emissions; particulates; pollutants; poultry
Abstract:
... Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant from animal production with significant impacts on human health and the environment. Abatement of PM emissions is imperative and effective PM control technologies are strongly needed. In this work, an electrostatic spray wet scrubber (ESWS) technology designed for removal of PM (PM ₁₀ and PM ₂.₅) emissions from poultry facilities was evaluated under ...
DOI:
10.1080/09593330.2016.1184319

13. Effect of surfactant concentration on the spreading properties of pesticide droplets on Eucalyptus leaves

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Lin, Huan; Zhou, Hongping; Xu, Linyun; Huang, Huanhua;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2016 v.143 pp. 42-49
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
Eucalyptus tereticornis; Eucalyptus urophylla; air temperature; cypermethrin; droplets; leaves; pesticidal properties; phosphates; relative humidity; surfactants; wettability
Abstract:
... The area wetted by 500-μm diameter droplets of pesticide and deionised water placed at different positions on Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis (E.u × E.g) and Eucalyptus tereticornis (E.t) leaves was determined at an air temperature of 30 °C and a relative humidity of 60%. Dimethyl dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP), and efficient cypermethrin (EC) were diluted 1000 times in deionised water. Solution ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2016.01.003

14. Characterization of droplet impact and deposit formation on leaf surfaces

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Dong, Xiang; Yang, Xuejun;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Pest management science 2015 v.71 no.2 pp. 302-308
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Dracaena fragrans; Euphorbia pulcherrima; Zea mays; biological control; droplets; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; leaves; mechanics; nonionic surfactants; pesticides; wastes
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Elucidation of droplet dynamic impact and deposit formation on leaf surfaces would assist in modifying application strategies potentially to improve biological control efficiency and minimize pesticide waste. RESULTS: The mechanics of the three‐dimensional droplet impact and formation process on hydrophilic and hydrophobic leaf surfaces was investigated with a system that independently ...
Handle:
10113/61404
DOI:
10.1002/ps.3806
CHORUS:
10.1002/ps.3806

15. Validation of laser-guided variable-rate sprayer for managing insects in ornamental nurseries

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Rosetta, Robin; Reding, Michael E.; Zondag, Randall H.; Ranger, Christopher M.; Fulcher, Amy; Derksen, Richard C.; Ozkan, H. Erdal; Krause, Charles R.; Canas, Luis;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
Transactions of the ASABE 2017 v.60 no.2 pp. 337-345
ISSN:
2151-0032
Subject:
Aphis spiraecola; Caliroa cerasi; Dasineura; Gleditsia triacanthos; Malus; Prunus avium; air-assisted sprayers; application rate; business enterprises; canopy; cherries; commercial horticulture; economic feasibility; equipment performance; insect control; lasers; leaves; nursery crops; ornamental plants; pesticides; profitability; sawflies; spray volume; trees; Ohio; Oregon
Abstract:
... Conducting on-farm evaluations of pest control and economic feasibility is a necessary procedure to assure successful adoption of new spray technologies by commercial horticulture enterprises. A newly developed laser-guided air-assisted variable-rate sprayer was tested for control of spirea aphids (Aphis spiraecola), pod gall midges (Dasineura gleditchiae), and pear sawflies (Caliroa cerasi) on cr ...
Handle:
10113/5801822
DOI:
10.13031/trans.12020

16. Laser tag: intelligent sprayers change the pest management game

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Fulcher, Amy; Cochran, Diana; Rosetta, Robin; Zondag, Randall;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1055 pp. 447-451
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Agricultural Research Service; active ingredients; air pollution; air-assisted sprayers; canopy; controllers; ecosystems; environmental quality; fruit trees; humans; integrated pest management; markets; mixing; mortality; nursery crops; occupational health and safety; ornamental plants; pesticide application; pesticides; pests; plant architecture; plant characteristics; plant residues; risk; solenoids; tractors; trade; water footprint; Georgia; Ohio
Abstract:
... Pests pose a substantial threat to the sale of nursery crops (LeBude et al., 2012) and increase the cost of producing ornamental crops. For example, losses due to plant disease in Georgia nurseries were estimated at $43.4 million in 2007 (Martinez, 2008). Application of pesticides, as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program, can serve an important role in decreasing plant mortality, ma ...

17. Semi-mechanistic modelling of ammonia absorption in an acid spray wet scrubber based on mass balance

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Hadlocon, Lara Jane S.; Zhao, Lingying; Wyslouzil, Barbara E.;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2015 v.136 pp. 14-24
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
absorption; air; ammonia; animals; correlation; mass transfer; mechanistic models; model validation; prediction; scrubbers; sprayers; sulfuric acid
Abstract:
... A model to describe reactive absorption of ammonia (NH3) in an acid spray scrubber was developed as a function of the combined overall mass transfer coefficient Kyav. An experimental study of NH3 absorption using 1% dilute sulphuric acid was carried out under different operating conditions. An empirical correlation for Kyav with respect to droplet Sauter mean diameter, liquid flow rate, and inlet ...
Handle:
10113/61864
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.05.002

18. Statistical modelling of ammonia absorption in an acid spray scrubber

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Hadlocon, Lara Jane S.; Soboyejo, Alfred B.O.; Zhao, Lingying;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2015 v.132 pp. 88-95
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
absorption; accuracy; air; ammonia; animal housing; decontamination; diameter; droplets; emissions; equipment performance; flow; prediction; pressure; regression analysis; scrubbers; statistical models
Abstract:
... The use of acid spray wet scrubbers for recovering ammonia (NH3) emissions is promising due to its high NH3 removal efficiency, simplicity in design, and minimal pressure drop contribution on fans. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a lab-optimised acid spray scrubber using simple modelling tools. Important parameters that significantly affect scrubber efficiency we ...
Handle:
10113/61388
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.02.003

19. Measurement of semiochemical release rates with a dedicated environmental control system

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Thistle, Harold W.; Ranger, Christopher M.; Zhou, Hongping; Strom, Brian L.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2015 v.129 pp. 277-287
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
Sirex; agriculture; air; ambient temperature; dispensers; exposure duration; forestry; insects; longevity; measurement; monitoring; pest management; prediction; relative humidity; semiochemicals; terpinolene; weight loss
Abstract:
... Insect semiochemical dispensers are commonly deployed under variable environmental conditions over a specified period. Predictions of their longevity are hampered by a lack of methods to accurately monitor and predict how primary variables affect semiochemical release rate. A system was constructed to precisely determine semiochemical release rates under environmentally-controlled conditions. Thre ...
Handle:
10113/61295
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.11.003

20. Assessment of spray deposition with water-sensitive paper cards

Author:
Zhu, Heping,   et al.   ; Salyani, Masoud; Sweeb, Roy D.; Pai, Naresh;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
CIGR ejournal 2013 v.15 no.2 pp. 101
ISSN:
1682-1130
Subject:
Citrus; droplets; image analysis; nozzles; paper; pesticide application; spatial distribution; spray coverage; spray deposition; spray volume; systems analysis
Abstract:
... Spatial distributions of spray droplets discharged from an airblast sprayer, were sampled on pairs of absorbent paper (AP) and water-sensitive paper (WSP) targets at several distances from the sprayer. Spray solutions, containing a fluorescent tracer, were discharged from two size nozzles to achieve low and high volume rates commonly used in citrus applications. Spray deposits on AP targets were m ...
Handle:
10113/58501