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... The current diversity of metazoans has been achieved through a long process of evolution since the appearance of their unicellular ancestor about 1000 Mya [...] ...
ancestry, etc ; Cicadidae; Ophiocordyceps; climate; symbionts; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Previous evidence suggests that cicadas lacking Hodgkinia may harbour the yeast‐like fungal symbionts (YLS). Here, we reinforce an earlier conclusion that the pathogenic ancestor of YLS independently infected different cicada lineages instead of the common ancestor of Cicadidae. Five independent replacement events in the loss of Hodgkinia/acquisition of YLS and seven other replacement events of YL ...
Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone; Anna Szécsényi-Nagy; István Koncz; Gergely Csiky; Zsófia Rácz; A.B. Rohrlach; Guido Brandt; Nadin Rohland; Veronika Csáky; Olivia Cheronet; Bea Szeifert; Tibor Ákos Rácz; András Benedek; Zsolt Bernert; Norbert Berta; Szabolcs Czifra; János Dani; Zoltán Farkas; Tamara Hága; Tamás Hajdu; Mónika Jászberényi; Viktória Kisjuhász; Barbara Kolozsi; Péter Major; Antónia Marcsik; Bernadett Ny. Kovacsóczy; Csilla Balogh; Gabriella M. Lezsák; János Gábor Ódor; Márta Szelekovszky; Tamás Szeniczey; Judit Tárnoki; Zoltán Tóth; Eszter K. Tutkovics; Balázs G. Mende; Patrick Geary; Walter Pohl; Tivadar Vida; Ron Pinhasi; David Reich; Zuzana Hofmanová; Choongwon Jeong; Johannes Krause
ancestry, etc ; basins; genetic variation; genome; steppes; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Avars settled the Carpathian Basin in 567/68 CE, establishing an empire lasting over 200 years. Who they were and where they came from is highly debated. Contemporaries have disagreed about whether they were, as they claimed, the direct successors of the Mongolian Steppe Rouran empire that was destroyed by the Turks in ∼550 CE. Here, we analyze new genome-wide data from 66 pre-Avar and Avar-pe ...
ancestry, etc ; cannibalism; conspecificity; diet; habitats; herpetology; predation; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cannibalism involves killing and consuming an individual of the same species. Different factors modulate cannibalism, and here we explored whether the diet diversity would mediate the cannibalism propensity in Microlophus lizards. We compiled the available information on diet and cannibalism of the 22 Microlophus species. We found that there is a relatively high incidence of cannibalism within Mic ...
ancestry, etc ; Moricandia arvensis; phenotype; phylogeny; pollination; polyphenism; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many flowers exhibit phenotypic plasticity. By inducing the production of several phenotypes, plasticity may favour the rapid exploration of different regions of the floral morphospace. We investigated how plasticity drives Moricandia arvensis, a species displaying within‐individual floral polyphenism, across the floral morphospace of the entire Brassicaceae family. We compiled the multidimensiona ...
ancestry, etc ; Araneae; fossils; males; phylogeny; silk; spiders; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Spiders (Araneae) can be placed within a series of nested clades within Arachnida. Arachnopulmonata encompasses all arachnids with book lungs. Pantetrapulmonata encompasses arachnids with four pairs of lungs in their ground pattern. Tetrapulmonata potentially encompasses pantetrapulmonate arachnids which have reduced the number of lateral eye lenses and endites on the coxae of the first pair of wa ...
ancestry, etc ; Anthropocene epoch; algae; climate change; habitats; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... More than half a billion years ago, a streptophyte algal lineage began terraforming the terrestrial habitat and Earth’s atmosphere. This pioneering step enabled the subsequent evolution of all complex life on land and the last decade has uncovered that many traits, both morphological and genetic, we once thought were unique to land plants are conserved across some streptophyte algae. They provided ...
ancestry, etc ; genes; glaucoma; meta-analysis; odds ratio; risk; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The relationship between fatty acids (FAs) and glaucoma remains controversial despite several observational studies. We organized a mendelian randomization (MR) study to determine the genetic causal association between circulating FAs and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).The two-sample MR method was used to acquire causal estimates. Fourteen distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ten ...
ancestry, etc ; Chondrichthyes; adulthood; fish; genes; kidneys; monophyly; morphogenesis; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The DAN gene family (DAN, Differential screening-selected gene Aberrant in Neuroblastoma) is a group of genes that is expressed during development and plays fundamental roles in limb bud formation and digitation, kidney formation and morphogenesis and left-right axis specification. During adulthood the expression of these genes are associated with diseases, including cancer. Although most of the a ...
ancestry, etc ; domestication; ecology; landraces; sequence analysis; soybeans; statistics; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Genome scans for selection can provide an efficient way to dissect the genetic basis of domestication traits and understand mechanisms of adaptation during crop evolution. Selection involving soft sweeps (simultaneous selection for multiple alleles) is probably common in plant genomes but is under‐studied, and few if any studies have systematically scanned for soft sweeps in the context of crop do ...
ancestry, etc ; forensic sciences; population genetics; population structure; provenance; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The inference of ancestry has become a part of the services many forensic genetic laboratories provide. Interest in ancestry may be to provide investigative leads or identify the region of origin in cases of unidentified missing persons. There exist many biostatistical methods developed for the study of population structure in the area of population genetics. However, the challenges and questions ...
ancestry, etc ; Tursiops truncatus; evolution; genomics; hindlimbs; skeleton; transcriptional activation; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The cetacean hindlimb skeleton massively decreased to only vestigial limb elements as cetaceans evolved from land to aquatic lifestyles; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this major morphological transition remains unclear. In this study, four deletions and specific substitutions were detected in cetacean hindlimb enhancer A (HLEA), an enhancer that can regulate Tbx4 expression in hindli ...
ancestry, etc ; Rotavirus A; evolution; genomics; genotype; genotyping; infection; monitoring; viruses; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rotavirus A (RVA) G3P[8] is sporadically detected in China, although G9P[8] predominates. To evaluate their genetic composition at the whole-genome level, 24 G3P[8] RVA strains isolated from children under five years were sequenced and characterized. The 24 strains were genotyped as G3-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1, indicating the Wa-like genotype constellation. A maximum clade credibility (MCC) ...
ancestry, etc ; altruism; epigenetics; genomics; selection pressure; social parasitism; transcriptomics; virulence; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Social parasitism describes a fascinating way of life in which species exploit the altruistic behaviour of closely related, social species. Social parasites have repeatedly evolved in the social Hymenoptera, including ants, bees, and wasps. The common ancestry and shared (social) environment with their hosts facilitates the study of molecular adaptations to the parasitic lifestyle. Moreover, when ...
ancestry, etc ; Cambrian period; Ordovician period; algae; paleobotany; palynology; China; North America; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Pre-Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) spore-like palynomorphs are significant in understanding the plant origination and the evolutionary transition from algae to land plants (TAP). Cambrian cryptospore, though its concept and affinity remain controversial, shows indispensable evidence of algal ancestor preceding occurrence of land plants. In this study, we recognize a Cambrian (Epoch 2, Age 4) paly ...
ancestry, etc ; chloroplasts; complement; ecophysiology; eukaryotic cells; evolution; landscapes; mitochondria; photosynthesis; proteomics; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mitochondria have been fundamental to the eco‐physiological success of eukaryotes since the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). They contribute essential functions to eukaryotic cells, above and beyond classical respiration. Mitochondria interact with, and complement, metabolic pathways occurring in other organelles, notably diversifying the chloroplast metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. ...
ancestry, etc ; Plasmodium vivax; genes; humans; malaria; monkeys; parasites; parasitology; phylogeny; trees; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... There has been some controversy about the evolutionary origin of Plasmodium vivax, particularly whether it is of Asian or African origin. Recently, a new malaria species which closely related to ape P. vivax was found in chimpanzees, in addition, the host switches of P. vivax from ape to human was confirmed. These findings support the African origin of P. vivax. Previous phylogenetic analyses have ...
ancestry, etc ; Cetacea; data collection; humerus; phylogeny; scapula; skeleton; skull; ulna; whales; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... A review of the morphological patterns exhibited by all the main radiations of mysticete (baleen whale) cetaceans provided a broad assessment of the fundamental morphological transformations that occurred in the transition to the Mysticeti clade. Skull and postcranial characters were illustrated, described and compared, and their distribution was mapped on a combined phylogeny in the search for mo ...
ancestry, etc ; Plasmodium falciparum; hosts; malaria; mitochondrial genome; parasites; phylogeny; trees; Africa; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Among the primate malaria parasites, those found in lemurs have been neglected. Here, six Plasmodium lineages were detected in 169 lemurs. Nearly complete mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA, ≈6Kb) and apicoplast loci (≈6Kb) were obtained from these parasites and other Haemosporida species. Plasmodium spp. in lemurs are a diverse clade that shares a common ancestor with other primate parasites from conti ...
ancestry, etc ; body mass index; forensic sciences; gels; posture; tissues; ultrasonics; ultrasonography; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The facial soft tissue thickness is crucial for facial reconstruction. Ultrasound is one method to evaluate facial thickness. There are two main modes of ultrasound that can be used for measurement: A-mode and B-mode. Because of its advantage, B-mode is frequently used in many recent studies. The factors that contribute to the varying results of facial soft tissue thickness are classified as metho ...