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1. Phylosystemics: Merging Phylogenomics, Systems Biology, and Ecology to Study Evolution

Author:
Watson, A.K.; Habib, M.; Bapteste, E.
Source:
Trends in microbiology 2020 v.28 no.3 pp. 176-190
ISSN:
0966-842X
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; biocenosis; ecological competition; phylogeny; systems biology;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... We define phylosystemics, a multidisciplinary strategy uniting short timescale interaction studies from systems biologists and ecologists with the longer timescale studies familiar to evolutionary biologists, taking advantage of methods from network sciences. Phylosystemics superimposes evolutionary information on entities/edges forming interaction networks produced by systems biology and ecology. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tim.2019.10.011

2. Helmet‐shaped Body of Entodiniomorphid Ciliates (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida), a Synapomorphy or a Homoplasy?

Author:
Cedrola, Franciane; Senra, Marcus Vinicius; D'Agosto, Marta; Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
Source:
Thejournal of eukaryotic microbiology 2020 v.67 no.1 pp. 140-143
ISSN:
1066-5234
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Entodiniomorphida; new genus; synapomorphy; ultrastructure;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Triadinium was created to include Triadinium caudatum. Further, four other species were included, T. minimum, T. galea, T. elongatum, and T. magnum, all sharing a characteristic helmet‐shaped body. Wolska and Grain argued that the inclusion of T. minimum and T. galea into Triadinium was done based on superficial morphological aspects, and established two new genera to accommodate these species: Ci ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeu.12749

3. The flame—not the ashes: achievements and heritage of a passionate analytical chemist

Author:
Gros, Leo; Knepper, Thomas P.
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2019 v.411 no.10 pp. 1927-1933
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; analytical chemistry; chemists;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... On December 28, 2018, Carl Remigius Fresenius would have celebrated his 200th birthday. Called a father, nestor, or pioneer and forerunner of analytical chemistry, he left behind a remarkable heritage which lives on today. This journal and several others have published various articles commemorating him and more comprehensive monographies are available. The present feature article pays tribute to ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-019-01647-y

4. Phylogenetic signal in the skull of cowbirds (Icteridae) assessed by multivariate and cladistic approaches

Author:
Gómez, Raúl O.; Lois-Milevicich, Jimena
Source:
Zoologischer Anzeiger 2020 v.286 pp. 52-57
ISSN:
0044-5231
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Molothrus; fossils; occupations; parasites; phylogeny; skull; taxonomy;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Closely related species are expected to resemble each other because of inheritance of features from their common ancestors, which are therefore said to carry phylogenetic signal. Cowbirds (Molothrus) are icterids well known from being interspecific brood parasites, but their taxonomy and evolutionary relationships have varied considerably based on morphology alone. In turn, these relationships bec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcz.2020.03.005

5. Economics for the future – Beyond the superorganism

Author:
Hagens, N.J.
Source:
Ecological economics 2020 v.169 pp. 106520
ISSN:
0921-8009
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; carbon; carbon dioxide; corporations; energy; humans; watersheds;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Our environment and economy are at a crossroads. This paper attempts a cohesive narrative on how human evolved behavior, money, energy, economy and the environment fit together. Humans strive for the same emotional state of our successful ancestors. In a resource rich environment, we coordinate in groups, corporations and nations, to maximize financial surplus, tethered to energy, tethered to carb ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106520

6. Two-way evolution of root form in the riverweed family Podostemaceae, with implications for phenotypic evolution

Author:
Koi, Satoshi; Kato, Masahiro
Source:
Plant systematics and evolution 2020 v.306 no.1 pp. 2
ISSN:
0378-2697
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Hydrobryum; phenotype; phylogeny; rivers; roots; sympatry; Asia;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Whether phenotypic evolution is always adaptive is a major issue in evolutionary biology. Based on the great morphological variation and slight ecological variation, Willis argued that Podostemaceae evolved in the absence of adaptation. Podostemaceae are ecological specialists with roots or holdfasts adhering to macrophyte-free (in Asia), soilless rock surfaces submerged in fast-flowing river curr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00606-020-01635-1

7. Historic migration to South Asia in the last two millennia: A case of Jewish and Parsi populations

Author:
Pathak, Ajai K; Srivastava, Anshika; Singh, Prajjval Pratap; Das, Debashruti; Bandopadhyay, Audditiya; Singh, Pooja; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 72
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Jews; genes; Eurasia; India;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The South Asian populations have a mosaic of ancestries likely due to the interactions of long-term populations of the landmass and those of East and West Eurasia. Apart from prehistoric dispersals, there are some known population movements to India. In this study, we focussed on the migration of Jewish and Parsi populations on temporal and spatial scales. The existence of Jewish and Parsi communi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-019-9873-7

8. Aberrations in the infrabasal circlet of the cladid crinoid genus Cupulocrinus (Echinodermata) and implications for the origin of flexible crinoids

Author:
Peter, M.E.
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2019 v.522 pp. 52-61
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Echinodermata; Ordovician period; calyx;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flexible crinoids (subclass Flexibilia) likely originated from the cladid crinoid genus Cupulocrinus or one of its immediate ancestors in the Middle to Late Ordovician. A remarkably constant and clade-defining character of flexible crinoids is the possession of three plates in the infrabasal circlet of the calyx. This character was a significant morphological modification for the origin of the fle ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.002

9. Modularity and evolution of flower shape: the role of function, development, and spandrels in Erica

Author:
Reich, Dieter; Berger, Andreas; von Balthazar, Maria; Chartier, Marion; Sherafati, Mahboubeh; Schönenberger, Jürg; Manafzadeh, Sara; Staedler, Yannick M.
Source:
Thenew phytologist 2020 v.226 no.1 pp. 267-280
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Erica; computed tomography; evolution; flower morphology; flowers; geometry; models; morphometry; pollen; pollination; pollinators;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flowers have been hypothesized to contain either modules of attraction and reproduction, functional modules (pollination‐effecting parts) or developmental modules (organ‐specific). Do pollination specialization and syndromes influence floral modularity? In order to test these hypotheses and answer this question, we focused on the genus Erica: we gathered 3D data from flowers of 19 species with div ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.16337
PubMed:
31765023
PubMed Central:
PMC7065081

10. Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenicity viewed through the lens of molecular Koch’s postulates

Author:
Ramakrishnan, Lalita
Source:
Current opinion in microbiology 2020 v.54 pp. 103-110
ISSN:
1369-5274
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Danio rerio; Mycobacterium marinum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; animal pathogens; genes; immunity; models; pathogenesis; tuberculosis; virulence;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Thirty years ago Stanley Falkow formulated molecular Koch’s postulates as a framework to help dissect the contribution of microbial genes to their pathogenicity (Box 1). Three years later, his advice led me to develop Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as a model for tuberculosis pathogenesis. Here, I discuss insights into M. tuberculosis pathogenicity f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mib.2020.01.011

11. The ubiquity and coexistence of two FBPases in chloroplasts of photosynthetic eukaryotes and its evolutionary and functional implications

Author:
Li, Yujin; Ye, Qingqing; He, De; Bai, Huixian; Wen, Jianfan
Source:
Plant diversity 2020 v.42 no.2 pp. 120-125
ISSN:
2468-2659
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Calvin cycle; autotrophs; chloroplasts; embryophytes; enzymes; eukaryotic cells; gluconeogenesis; monophyly;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... In photosynthetic eukaryotes, there are two well-characterized fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases (FBPases): the redox-insensitive cytosolic FBPase (cyFBPase), which participates in gluconeogenesis, and the redox-sensitive chloroplastic FBPase (cpFBPase1), which is a critical enzyme in the Calvin cycle. Recent studies have identified a new chloroplastic FBPase, cpFBPase2; however, its phylogenetic distr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pld.2019.09.002
PubMed:
32373770
PubMed Central:
PMC7195585

12. Association between habitual coffee consumption and multiple disease outcomes: A Mendelian randomisation phenome-wide association study in the UK Biobank

Author:
Nicolopoulos, Konstance; Mulugeta, Anwar; Zhou, Ang; Hyppönen, Elina
Source:
Clinical nutrition 2020
ISSN:
0261-5614
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; coffee (beverage); gout; hemorrhage; obesity; osteoarthritis; phenotype; pleiotropy; postmenopause; variance;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Coffee is the most commonly consumed beverage in the world after water, however the debate as to whether coffee consumption is beneficial or detrimental to health continues. Current evidence of the link between coffee and health outcomes is predominately observational, thus subject to methodological issues such a confounding and reverse causation.This Mendelian randomisation phenome-wide associati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.009

13. Cytogenetic Investigations in Emballonuroidea. II. Chromosome Painting in Nycteridae Reveals Cytogenetic Signatures Pointing to Common Ancestry of Nycteris and Emballonura

Author:
Volleth, Marianne; Müller, Stefan; Heller, Klaus-Gerhard; Fahr, Jakob
Source:
Acta chiropterologica 2020 v.21 no.2 pp. 271-281
ISSN:
1733-5329
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Myotis; Nycteridae; chromosome banding; chromosome number; chromosome painting; diploidy; humans; karyotyping; pericentric inversion; synapomorphy; telomeres;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two species of the monogeneric family Nycteridae were studied for the first time with chromosome banding techniques and chromosome painting. The diploid chromosome number of Nycteris macrotis and N. tragata is 40 and 38, respectively. Both karyotypes differ by a translocation, a telomeric fusion and a pericentric inversion. The genus Nycteris shows a highly derived karyotype where the 25 chiropter ...
DOI:
10.3161/15081109ACC2019.21.2.003

14. Evaluation of reported sediment samples from 20 Ma using a molecular phylogenetic approach: comment on Liu et al. (2017)

Author:
Segawa, Takahiro; Yonezawa, Takahiro
Source:
Environmental microbiology 2020 v.22 no.3 pp. 813-818
ISSN:
1462-2912
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Ascomycota; Basidiomycota; DNA; biosphere; fungi; longevity; phylogeny; sediments; sequence analysis;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Liu et al. reported the cultivation and DNA sequencing of 69 fungal isolates (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) from ancient subseafloor sediments, suggesting that they represent living fungal populations that have persisted for over 20 million years. Because these findings could bring about a paradigm shift in our understanding of the spatial breadth of the deep subsurface biosphere as well as the lo ...
DOI:
10.1111/1462-2920.14923

15. Optic lobe organization in stomatopod crustacean species possessing different degrees of retinal complexity

Author:
Lin, Chan; Chou, Alice; Cronin, Thomas W.
Source:
Journal of comparative physiology 2020 v.206 no.2 pp. 247-258
ISSN:
0340-7594
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Squilla; axons; color; fluorescence; histology; ommatidia; optic lobe; photoreceptors; retina; staining;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Stomatopod crustaceans possess tripartite compound eyes; upper and lower hemispheres are separated by an equatorial midband of several ommatidial rows. The organization of stomatopod retinas is well established, but their optic lobes have been studied less. We used histological staining, immunolabeling, and fluorescent tracer injections to compare optic lobes in two 6-row midband species, Neogonod ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00359-019-01387-5

16. Solving an old enigma: Morellospora saccamoebae gen. nov., sp. nov. (Rozellomycota), a Sphaerita-like parasite of free-living amoebae

Author:
Corsaro, Daniele; Walochnik, Julia; Venditti, Danielle; Hauröder, Bärbel; Michel, Rolf
Source:
Parasitology research 2020 v.119 no.3 pp. 925-934
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Crustacea; Euglena; Microsporidia; algae; biodiversity; fungi; light microscopes; new genus; new species; parasites; zoospores;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Rozellomycota form a lineage basal or sister to the Fungi, ancestor of Microsporidia. Their biodiversity is very rich but remains poorly characterized. The few known species are all parasites, whether of water molds and algae (Rozella), crustaceans (Mitosporidium), or as endonuclear parasites of amoebae (Nucleophaga, Paramicrosporidium). Since the nineteenth century, intracytoplasmic parasites ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-020-06623-5

17. The neuropeptidome of Carabus (Coleoptera, Adephaga: Carabidae)

Author:
Ragionieri, Lapo; Predel, Reinhard
Source:
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 2020 v.118 pp. 103309
ISSN:
0965-1748
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Carabidae; beneficial insects; biopesticides; genes; hormones; immunohistochemistry; insect larvae; mass spectrometry; neuropeptides; pests; predators; transcriptomics;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Neuropeptides are signaling molecules involved in the regulation of virtually all physiological functions of Metazoa. In insects, more than 50 neuropeptide genes can be present in a single species, and thus neuropeptidergic systems are attractive targets for the development of environmentally friendly pesticides. Such approaches require not only knowledge of the neuropeptidomes of pests, but also ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103309

18. The role of common ancestry and gene flow in the evolution of human‐directed play behaviour in dogs

Author:
Garamszegi, László Zsolt; Temrin, Hans; Kubinyi, Enikő; Miklósi, Ádám; Kolm, Niclas
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2020 v.33 no.3 pp. 318-328
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; analytical methods; crossing; dog breeds; dogs; gene flow; haplotypes; phenotype; phylogeny; statistical models; variance;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Among‐population variance of phenotypic traits is of high relevance for understanding evolutionary mechanisms that operate in relatively short timescales, but various sources of nonindependence, such as common ancestry and gene flow, can hamper the interpretations. In this comparative analysis of 138 dog breeds, we demonstrate how such confounders can independently shape the evolution of a behavio ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeb.13567

19. Identifying and Interpreting Apparent Neanderthal Ancestry in African Individuals

Author:
Chen, Lu; Wolf, Aaron B.; Fu, Wenqing; Li, Liming; Akey, Joshua M.
Source:
Cell 2020 v.180 no.4 pp. 677-687.e16
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Africans; Europeans; gene flow; genetic variation; genome; human population; humans; introgression; Africa;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Admixture has played a prominent role in shaping patterns of human genomic variation, including gene flow with now-extinct hominins like Neanderthals and Denisovans. Here, we describe a novel probabilistic method called IBDmix to identify introgressed hominin sequences, which, unlike existing approaches, does not use a modern reference population. We applied IBDmix to 2,504 individuals from geogra ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.012

20. Widespread Prion-Based Control of Growth and Differentiation Strategies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author:
Itakura, Alan K.; Chakravarty, Anupam K.; Jakobson, Christopher M.; Jarosz, Daniel F.
Source:
Molecular cell 2020 v.77 no.2 pp. 266-278.e6
ISSN:
1097-2765
Subject:
ancestry,   etc   ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; epigenetics; gene expression; meiosis; mitosis; niches; prediction; prions; repletion; starvation; yeasts;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Theory and experiments suggest that organisms would benefit from pre-adaptation to future stressors based on reproducible environmental fluctuations experienced by their ancestors, but the mechanisms driving pre-adaptation remain enigmatic. We report that the [SMAUG⁺] prion allows yeast to anticipate nutrient repletion after periods of starvation, providing a strong selective advantage. By transfo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2019.10.027
PubMed:
31757756
PubMed Central:
PMC6980781