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1. Variable Rate Precision Irrigation Technology for Deficit Irrigation of Processing Tomato

Author:
Takács, Sándor; Bíró, Tibor; Helyes, Lajos; Pék, Zoltán
Source:
Irrigation and drainage 2019 v.68 no.2 pp. 234-244
ISSN:
1531-0353
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; deficit irrigation; rain gauges; tomatoes; water distribution;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Centre pivot machines, with a variable rate irrigation (VRI) package that provides individual sprinkler control systems (VRI iS), are not common. This research focuses on how uniform the water distribution is under VRI control, and on the size of over‐ and under‐irrigated areas and volumes. Moreover, we wanted to know how wide transition zones are. We conducted different uniformity measurements us ...
DOI:
10.1002/ird.2299

2. Funder Restrictions on Application Numbers Lead to Chaos

Author:
Bearup, Daniel J.; Childs, Dylan Z.; Freckleton, Robert P.
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2018 v.33 no.8 pp. 565-568
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; funding; mathematical models; uncertainty;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Restricting application rates is an attractive way for funders to reduce time and money wasted evaluating uncompetitive applications. However, mathematical models show that this could induce chaotic cycles in total application numbers, increasing uncertainty in the funding process. One emergent property is that smaller institutions spend disproportionally more time unfunded. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2018.06.001

3. Test methods for characterising the water distribution from irrigation sprinklers: Design, evaluation and uncertainty analysis of an automated system

Author:
Saretta, Ezequiel; de Camargo, Antonio P.; Botrel, Tarlei A.; Frizzone, José A.; Koech, Richard; Molle, Bruno
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2018 v.169 pp. 42-56
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; automation; collectors; sprinklers; uncertainty analysis;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... An automated system for indoor testing of irrigation sprinklers was developed and evaluated. The system was designed to test single sprinklers with jet lengths up to 18 m. The tests involve the use of 36 collectors (catch-cans) spaced at 0.5 m intervals along the jet radius. A single pressure transducer coupled to a manifold equipped with solenoid valves was employed to sequentially scan the water ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2018.01.011

4. Effects of biochar application on phreatic water evaporation and water-salt distribution in coastal saline soil

Author:
Yang, Runya; Zhou, Cuixiang; Zhu, Jinjin; Pan, Yinghua; Sun, Junna; Zhang, Zhenhua
Source:
Journal of plant nutrition 2019 v.42 no.10 pp. 1243-1253
ISSN:
1532-4087
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; adsorption; biochar; evaporation; saline soils; salinity; sodium; soil water; soil water retention; water distribution;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... A 35-day simulated evaporation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar application on phreatic water evaporation and water-salt distribution in coastal saline soil. Three biochar rates (0, 1%, and 5%; w/w) were applied to 65-cm-long soil columns. Results showed that applying the low biochar application rate effectively inhibited soil water evaporation. The 1% biochar treatment ...
DOI:
10.1080/01904167.2019.1605379

5. ANN model for predicting operating parameters of a variable rate applicator

Author:
Chandel, N.S.; Tewari, V.K.; Mehta, C.R.
Source:
Engineering in agriculture, environment and food 2019
ISSN:
1881-8366
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; algorithms; applicators; data collection; fertilizers; neural networks; prediction; regression analysis; urea;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The suitable operating parameters of fluted roller metering mechanism need to be selected to address variability of application of inputs in a variable rate applicator. At present, the selection of operating parameters depends mainly on empirical rules and experimental trials. This paper presents the results of development and evaluation of multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural ne ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.eaef.2019.04.001

6. High highs and low lows: Elucidating striking seasonal variability in pesticide use and its environmental implications

Author:
Larsen, Ashley E.; Patton, Michael; Martin, Emily A.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.651 pp. 828-837
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; cropland; crops; health hazards; human health; pesticides; seasonal variation; summer; California;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Despite substantial public and scientific concern regarding unintended environmental and health consequences of agricultural pesticide use, identifying when and where high levels of use occur is stymied by a dearth of data at biologically relevant spatial or temporal scales. Here we investigate intra-annual patterns in pesticide use by crop and by pesticide type using unique pesticide use data fro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.206

7. A new baiting scheme and simple method of rhodamine B detection could improve biomarking of small mammals

Author:
Tolkachev, Oleg
Source:
European journal of wildlife research 2019 v.65 no.1 pp. 10
ISSN:
1612-4642
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; baiting; biomarkers; fluorescence; forest stands; glass; rhodamines; rodents; small mammals; trapping;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The success of group biomarking with rhodamine B (RB) is determined by two key stages—baiting and mark detection. This work has two objectives: (1) to examine the suitability of a new bait type and the proposed experimental procedures for marking small mammals with RB and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the new method of RB detection in field studies of small mammals. Uniquely designed bait w ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10344-018-1243-5

8. Possibility of Recommending Potassium Application Rates Based on a Rapid Detection of the Potato Petiole K Status with a Portable K ion Meter

Author:
Shi, Xiaohua; Zhang, Xin; Kang, Wenqin; Chen, Yang; Fan, Mingshou
Source:
American journal of potato research 2019 v.96 no.1 pp. 48-54
ISSN:
1099-209X
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; crop yield; equations; petioles; potassium; potassium fertilizers; potatoes; rapid methods; soil; tubers; vines;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Because of the variations in the K amount required to produce 1 t potatoes and the poor relationship between soil potassium content and potato yield, recommended K-fertilizer rates based on soil tests are unreliable for potato production. This research was set to test the possibility of establishing a potato plant K diagnosis method with a portable K ion meter. The results confirmed the luxury abs ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12230-018-9687-4

9. Coexpression of Methyltransferase Gene dmt50 and Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Increases Arabidopsis thaliana Dicamba Resistance

Author:
Chen, Le; Yao, Shigang; Chen, Tao; Tao, Qin; Xie, Xiangting; Xiao, Xiang; Ding, Derong; He, Qin; He, Jian
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2019 v.67 no.5 pp. 1443-1452
ISSN:
1520-5118
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; Arabidopsis thaliana; crops; demethylation; dicamba; engineering; genes; herbicide resistance; methyltransferases; tetrahydrofolic acid; transgenic plants;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Dicamba, a broad-spectrum and highly efficient herbicide, is an excellent target herbicide for the engineering of herbicide-resistant crops. In this study, a new tetrahydrofolate (THF)-dependent dicamba methyltransferase gene, dmt50, was cloned from the dicamba-degrading strain Rhizorhabdus dicambivorans Ndbn-20. Dmt50 catalyzed the methyl transfer from dicamba to THF, generating the herbicidally ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04944

10. Explicit relationships for optimal designing rectangular microirrigation units on uniform slopes: The IrriLab software application

Author:
Baiamonte, Giorgio
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2018 v.153 pp. 151-168
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; Reynolds number; computer software; energy conservation; equations; microirrigation;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many attempts have been made to provide easy tools for designing microirrigation units. However, most of these have dealt with numerical solutions, which require many trial-and-error attempts and time-consuming iterations, performed by applying the basic hydraulic equations from the manifold to the end of both the downhill and the uphill sides of the laterals. Recently, analytical procedures to op ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2018.08.005

11. Motion analysis and system response of fertilizer feed apparatus for paddy Variable-Rate fertilizer spreader

Author:
Yinyan, Shi; Zhichao, Hu; Xiaochan, Wang; Odhiambo, Morice Oluoch; Weimin, Ding
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2018 v.153 pp. 239-247
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; actuators; equations; fertilizers; models; paddies; precision agriculture; rice;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Precision agriculture and variable-rate technology have gained increasing public interest. To improve the rapid response ability of the control system of a variable-rate fertilization and reduce the errors corresponding to the feed fertilizer system in a centrifugal variable-rate spreader, three devices that could adjust the application rate using different actuators were developed; these involved ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2018.08.021

12. Application rate affects the degradation rate and hence emissions of chloropicrin in soil

Author:
Ashworth, Daniel J.; Yates, Scott R.; Stanghellini, Mike; van Wesenbeeck, Ian J.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2018 v.622-623 pp. 764-769
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; chloropicrin; emissions; half life; risk; soil; soil fumigants;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Increasingly stringent regulations to control soil-air emissions of soil fumigants has led to much research effort aimed at reducing emission potential. Using laboratory soil columns, we aimed to investigate the relationship between chloropicrin (CP) application rate and its emissions from soil across a wide range of CP applications (equivalent to 56–392kgha−1). In contrast to the known behavior o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.060

13. Sludge bio-drying followed by land application could control the spread of antibiotic resistance genes

Author:
Zhang, Junya; Sui, Qianwen; Lu, Tiedong; Zhong, Hui; Shen, Peihong; Wei, Yuansong
Source:
Environment international 2019 v.130 pp. 104906
ISSN:
0160-4120
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; DNA; antibiotic resistance genes; interspersed repetitive sequences; land application; microbial communities; models; sewage sludge; soil types;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The process of sludge bio-drying has been adopted in response to the increasing amount of residual sewage sludge. It has been demonstrated that sludge bio-drying effectively reduces both antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), whereas ermF, tetX, and sulII become enriched in response to the dynamic development of the microbial community. The present study further dem ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2019.104906

14. Encouraging farmers' participation in the Conservation Stewardship Program: A field experiment

Author:
Czap, Natalia V.; Czap, Hans J.; Banerjee, Simanti; Burbach, Mark E.
Source:
Ecological economics 2019 v.161 pp. 130-143
ISSN:
0921-8009
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; USDA; agri-environmental policy; cost effectiveness; cropland; economic incentives; farmers; farms; field experimentation; natural resources conservation; rangelands; Nebraska;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this paper we present the results of a field experiment on encouraging farmers' application for agri-environmental schemes, specifically the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) that is administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture at the state level. We sent different versions of a recruitment/enrollment letter to agricultural producers in 36 Nebraska counties with historically very low ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.03.010

15. Ventenata and Other Coexisting Exotic Annual Grass Control and Plant Community Response to Increasing Imazapic Application Rates

Author:
Davies, Kirk W.; Hamerlynck, Erik
Source:
Rangeland ecology & management 2019 v.72 no.4 pp. 700-705
ISSN:
1550-7424
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; Ventenata dubia; annuals; forage; forbs; grasses; imazapic; introduced plants; livestock; pure stands; rangelands; vegetation cover; wildlife habitats;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ventenata (Ventenata dubia [Leers] Coss.) is an exotic annual grass that can invade intermountain rangeland plant communities, where it can form monotypic stands, degrade wildlife habitat, and reduce livestock forage. There is limited information on ventenata control in rangelands as it has only recently been identified as a substantial problem. Imazapic is a pre-emergent herbicide commonly used t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rama.2019.02.010

16. Nutrient retention by different substrates from an improved low impact development system

Author:
Zhou, Junjie; Liang, Xinqiang; Shan, Shengdao; Yan, Dawei; Chen, Yanfeng; Yang, Chunke; Lu, Yuanyuan; Niyungeko, Christophe; Tian, Guangming
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2019 v.238 pp. 331-340
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; analysis of variance; biochar; leachates; leaching; microirrigation; nitrogen; nutrient retention; peat soils; phosphorus; polyacrylamide; straw; synergism; water reuse;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... The reuse of water in agriculture has become more common in water management worldwide. However, there is very limited information about nutrient retention in water reclamation management. In this study, an improved low impact development (LID) practice was constructed to investigate the synergistic effects of three substrates amendment on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) retention under two irriga ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.019

17. Cleaner Production in small companies: Proposal of a management methodology

Author:
Nunes, José Roberto Rolim; Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva; Giannetti, Biagio Fernando
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2019 v.218 pp. 357-366
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; decision making; ecosystem services; environmental impact; environmental management; leadership; monitoring; prioritization; small and medium enterprises; wastes;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Global level agreements related to sustainability have changed the way organisations work. Many companies, mainly the larger ones, have assessed their environmental impacts to achieve both economic and environmental benefits by reducing waste generation and by using less energy, water, and materials. Considering this approach, many of these companies have strategically set up environmental managem ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.219

18. Effective Role of Biochar, Zeolite and Steel Slag on Leaching Behavior of Cd and Its Fractionations in Soil Column Study

Author:
Bashir, Saqib; Salam, Abdus; Rehman, Muzammal; Khan, Shahbaz; Gulshan, Allah Bakhsh; Iqbal, Javaid; Shaaban, Muhammad; Mehmood, Sajid; Zahra, Anaam; Hu, Hongqing
Source:
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 2019 v.102 no.4 pp. 567-572
ISSN:
0007-4861
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; ammonium nitrate; biochar; cadmium; fractionation; leachates; leaching; polluted soils; remediation; slags; soil profiles; steel; toxicity; zeolites;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Remediation of cadmium (Cd) from contaminated soils is considered a complicated task of environmental safety. A column leaching experiment was planned to estimate the influence of biochar (BC), zeolite (ZE) and steel slag (SL) at 1.5% and 3% application rate on Cd leaching behavior and chemical fractionation in contaminated soil. A sequential extraction procedure, the European Community Bureau of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00128-019-02573-6

19. Effects of ZnSO4 and Zn‐EDTA applied by broadcasting or by banding on soil Zn fractions and Zn uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under greenhouse conditions

Author:
Zhao, Aiqing; Yang, Shu; Wang, Bini; Tian, Xiaohong
Source:
Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 2019 v.182 no.2 pp. 307-317
ISSN:
1436-8730
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; Triticum aestivum; biofortification; fertilizers; greenhouse production; humans; malnutrition; organic matter; soil; staple crops; wheat; zinc; zinc sulfate;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Zinc biofortification of staple food crops is essential for alleviating worldwide human malnutrition. Agronomic interventions to promote this should include fertilizer selection and management. A chelated Zn source, Zn‐EDTA, and an inorganic Zn source, ZnSO₄ × 7 H₂O, were applied either by banding or by broadcasting in soil, and Zn fractions in soil and Zn uptake by wheat were determined in a pot ...
DOI:
10.1002/jpln.201800341

20. Effects of conservation period and Lactobacillus hilgardii inoculum on the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of whole corn and sorghum silages

Author:
Ferrero, Francesco; Piano, Serenella; Tabacco, Ernesto; Borreani, Giorgio
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2019 v.99 no.5 pp. 2530-2540
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
application rate,   etc   ; Lactobacillus buchneri; Lactobacillus hilgardii; acetic acid; corn; crops; fermentation; inoculum; lactic acid bacteria; silos; sorghum silage; yeasts;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Lactic acid bacteria inocula have been developed over the years to improve the aerobic stability of silages. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of various conservation periods and the use of Lactobacillus hilgardii inoculum on aerobic stability, fermentative profile and microbial population of corn and sorghum silages. Trials were carried out on two corns and one sorghum ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.9463