An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
artificialselection, etc ; Ovis canadensis; zoology; Alberta; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Trophy hunting can affect weapon size of wild animals through both demographic and evolutionary changes. In bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis Shaw, 1804), intense harvest of young males with fast-growing horns may have partly driven long-term decreases in horn size. These selective effects could be dampened if migrants from protected areas, not subject to artificial selection, survived and reproduced ...
artificialselection, etc ; Poecilia reticulata; animal behavior; color; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Learning allows animals to adaptively adjust their behaviour in response to variable but predictable environments. Stable aspects of the environment may result in evolved or developmental biases in the systems impacting learning, allowing for improved learning performance according to local ecological conditions. Guppies (Poecilia reticulata), like many animals, show striking colour preferences in ...
artificialselection, etc ; domestication; food security; genomics; humans; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... As a major event in human civilization, wild plants were successfully domesticated to be crops, largely owing to continuing artificial selection. Here, we summarize new discoveries made during the past decade in crop domestication and breeding. The construction of crop genome maps and the functional characterization of numerous trait genes provide foundational information. Approaches to read, inte ...
artificialselection, etc ; altitude; breeds; flocks; homozygosity; probability; temperature; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Natural adaptation and artificial selection have shaped the genome of modern livestock breeds. Among SNP‐based metrics that are used to detect signatures of selection at genome‐wide level, runs of homozygosity (ROH) are getting increasing popularity. In this paper, ROH distribution and features of a sample of 823 Sarda breed ewes farmed at different levels of altitude are analysed to investigate t ...
artificialselection, etc ; animals; hosts; microbiology; microbiome; quantitative genetics; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Microbiome breeding is a new artificial selection technique that seeks to change the genetic composition of microbiomes in order to benefit plant or animal hosts. Recent experimental and theoretical analyses have shown that microbiome breeding is possible whenever microbiome-encoded genetic factors affect host traits (e.g., health) and microbiomes are transmissible between hosts with sufficient fi ...
artificialselection, etc ; biotechnology; crops; epigenetics; genetic variation; synthetic biology; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... For millennia, natural and artificial selection has combined favourable alleles for desirable traits in crop species. While modern plant breeding has achieved steady increases in crop yields over the last century, on the current trajectory we will simply not meet demand by 2045. Novel breeding strategies and sources of genetic variation will be required to sustainably fill predicted yield gaps and ...
artificialselection, etc ; beers; biotechnology; cheeses; fermentation; industry; society; wines; India; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Biotechnology is a wide-ranging science that uses modern technologies to construct biological processes, organisms, cells or cellular components. The clinical new instruments, industry, and products developed by biotechnologists are useful in research, agriculture and other major fields. The biotechnology is as ancient as civilization. The food you buy, and the pets you love? Using artificial sele ...
artificialselection, etc ; Brachypodium distachyon; community structure; heritability; leaves; microorganisms; phenotype; rhizosphere; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Artificial selection of microbiota opens new avenues for improving plants. However, reported results lack consistency. We hypothesised that the success in artificial selection of microbiota depends on the stabilisation of community structure. In a ten‐generation experiment involving 1,800 plants, we selected rhizosphere microbiota of Brachypodium distachyon associated with high or low leaf greenne ...
artificialselection, etc ; alleles; dissection; genomics; genotyping; microarray technology; prediction; progeny; soybeans; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE: We developed the ZDX1 high-throughput functional soybean array for high accuracy evaluation and selection of both parents and progeny, which can greatly accelerate soybean breeding. Microarray technology facilitates rapid, accurate, and economical genotyping. Here, using resequencing data from 2214 representative soybean accessions, we developed the high-throughput functional array ZD ...
artificialselection, etc ; air flow; dogs; explosives; humans; hypertrophy; nasal cavity; people; skull; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Dogs are a good starting point for the description and anatomical analysis of turbinates of the nose. This work aimed at summing up the state of knowledge on the shape of the nasal cavity and airflow in these domestic animals and dealt with the brachycephalic syndrome (BOAS) and anatomical changes in the initial airway area in dogs with a short and widened skull. As a result of artificial selectio ...
artificialselection, etc ; Ipheion uniflorum; cultivars; domestication; genetic variation; geophytes; heterozygosity; phenotype; provenance; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The cultivation and domestication of plants are human-driven processes that change the biology and attributes of a plant. Ipheion uniflorum is a bulbous geophyte known as Spring Starflower whose cultivation dates back to the first half of the 19th century. At least seven cultivars have been developed from natural stands. However, comparative analyses of wild and cultivated materials are largely mi ...
artificialselection, etc ; Tribolium castaneum; animal behavior; females; males; mating behavior; sexual selection; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Securing females is a crucial determinant of male fitness in many species. Mate-searching efficiency is often associated with increased mobility in males, but an increased investment in movement may reduce other fitness traits via potential trade-offs. In precopulatory sexual selection via female mate choice, the rate of encounter with females and the attractiveness of males are essential to incre ...
artificialselection, etc ; color; corn; cultivars; hybrids; nitrogen content; ontogeny; plant morphology; water content; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Screening for agronomic traits associated with grain moisture is important for mechanical grain-harvesting of maize. Cob color as a visual indicator has received limited attention, though it has been subjected to artificial selection, and may have some association with threshability. To investigate the relationships between cob color and grain moisture and other agronomic traits, field experiments ...
artificialselection, etc ; applied research; bioremediation; directed evolution; drug resistance; fuel production; natural selection; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the past three decades, laboratory natural selection has become a widely used technique in biological research. Most studies which have utilized this technique are in the realm of basic science, often testing hypotheses related to mechanisms of evolutionary change or ecological dynamics. While laboratory natural selection is currently utilized heavily in this setting, there is a significant gap ...
artificialselection, etc ; Baculoviridae; Nematoda; biological control; directed evolution; evolution; invertebrates; kin selection; virulence; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Understanding the ecological and genetic factors that determine the evolution of virulence has broad value for invertebrate pathology. In addition to helping us understand the fundamental biology of our study organisms this body of theory has important applications in microbial biocontrol. Experimental tests of virulence theory are often carried out in invertebrate models and yet theory rarely inf ...
artificialselection, etc ; Acipenser fulvescens; genetic drift; genetic variation; hatcheries; juveniles; mortality; research; species recruitment; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Assessment of population sex ratios allows managers to forecast recruitment dynamics and loss of genetic diversity in natural populations and is important when the focal population is in low abundance and subject to demographic stochasticity. If levels of natural or artificial selection differ for males and females and levels of mortality likewise vary, lower levels of population recruitment, loss ...
artificialselection, etc ; Python regius; animal welfare; color; computed tomography; inner ear; magnetism; reptiles; spiders; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... There is general awareness of artificial selection and its potential implications on the health and welfare of animals. Despite growing popularity and increasing numbers of reptile breeds of atypical colour and pattern variants, only a few studies have investigated the appearance and causes of diseases associated with colour morphs. Ball pythons (Python regius) are among the most frequently bred r ...
artificialselection, etc ; CRISPR-Cas systems; DNA methylation; epigenetics; epigenome; genes; genetic variation; genomics; tissue culture; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The epigenetic mechanisms play critical roles in a vast diversity of biological processes of plants, including development and response to environmental challenges. Particularly, DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic signature that supplements the genetics-based view of complex life phenomena. In crop breeding, the decrease in genetic diversity due to artificial selection of conventio ...
artificialselection, etc ; animal genetics; chickens; genome; genome-wide association study; genotyping; missense mutation; phenotype; China; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bird feathers are the product of interactions between natural and artificial selection. Feather‐related traits are important for chicken selection and breeding. Frizzle feather is characterized by the abnormally development of feathers in chickens. In the current study, frizzle feather characteristics were observed in a local breed called Xiushui Yellow Chicken in Jiangxi, China. To determine the ...
artificialselection, etc ; Bactrocera tryoni; cages; fruit flies; fruits; horticulture; kairomones; males; pest management; pests; Queensland; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Queensland fruit fly (Q-fly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) is a serious horticultural pest in Australia because it is highly invasive and destructive. Among all pest management practices, sterile insect techniques (SIT) and male annihilation techniques (MAT) are important control options for many tephritid fruit fly pests, including Q-fly. However, simultaneous applications of MAT and SIT requ ...