An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
automobiles, etc ; catalytic activity; oxidation; thermal stability; China; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The interactions between metals and oxide supports, so-called metal-support interactions (MSI), are of great importance in heterogeneous catalysis. Pd-based automotive exhaust control catalysts, especially Pd-based three-way catalysts (TWCs), have received considerable research attention owing to its prominent oxidation activity of HCs/CO, as well as excellent thermal stability. For Pd-based TWCs, ...
automobiles, etc ; distillation; dust; energy efficiency; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; limonene; pyrolysis; pyrolysis oils; temperature; value added; viscosity; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Owing to the rapid increase in the global automobile demand, the disposal of waste tires has become a severe problem. Most waste tires are reclaimed and incinerated; exhaust gas and ash from incineration comprise harmful substances and dust. Therefore, in this study, fast pyrolysis technology was investigated to overcome the limitations of traditional methods and stably treat waste tires. Fast pyr ...
... Model average techniques are very useful for model-based prediction. However, most earlier works in this field focused on parametric models and continuous responses. In this article, we study varying coefficient multinomial logistic models and propose a semiparametric model averaging prediction (SMAP) approach for multi-category outcomes. The proposed procedure does not need any artificial specifi ...
... PM₁₀ emissions generated from the brake wear of passenger car per braking event during three test driving cycles (WLTP, LACT, and WLTP-Brake) were studied using a finite element analysis (FEA) approach in combination with the relationship among the mass emitted rate of airborne particles versus local contact pressure and sliding speed. In addition, PM₁₀ emissions were measured per braking event du ...
automobiles, etc ; emissions factor; gasoline; nitrogen; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and particulate number (PN) emissions are the main concerns of the passenger cars in the real-world driving. NOₓ and PN emissions are greatly dependent on the driving behaviors which differ significantly between standard driving cycles and real-world driving. However, the significant contribution regions (short durations corresponding to high proportions of total emissions) o ...
automobiles, etc ; bananas; energy; epoxides; steel; vibration; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... This work analyzed the mechanical and vibration characteristic of the banana fiber sandwich layer with core AISI 304 steel wire mesh (WM). The following specimen configurations were prepared by hand lay-up method by varying fiber orientation in the skin layer: S = 0/0/0/0, S1 = 0/0/WM/0/0, S2 = 0/90/WM/90/0, S3 = 0/45/WM/-45/0 and S4 = 0/30/WM/60/0. The primary mechanical properties of the sandwic ...
automobiles, etc ; carbon; environment; filtration; gasoline; particulates; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effectiveness of two passive regenerating gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) on reducing both gaseous and particle phase pollutants from a gasoline direct inject (GDI) passenger car (PC) and light-duty truck (LDT). In the absence of filter regeneration, observations from this study are consistent with other studies demonstrating how particle number (PN), particulate matte ...
automobiles, etc ; case studies; models; supply chain; India; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study aims to investigate the role of environmental orientation and environmental collaboration practices in addressing sustainable consumption and production goals in the supply chain. The case study has been conducted using situation–actor–process (SAP) and learning–action–performance (LAP) model to systematically inquire the association between environmental collaboration and sustainable c ...
automobiles, etc ; algorithms; energy; markets; memory; models; variance; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... With the increasing proportion of electric vehicles in the automobile market, the negative impact of vehicle’s charging on the power system is gradually increasing. The charging-discharging model of vehicles and the multi-objective optimization model of the load dispatch for the microgrid are established. By combining gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algor ...
automobiles, etc ; human health; oxygen; pollutants; soot; temperature; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... As the main pollutant emitted by automobile engines, soot particles have brought great harm to the environment and human health. However, the soot formation process in automobile engines is very complex, which is influenced by many factors, such as fuel properties, temperature, pressure, and environmental oxygen concentration. So, researches on the soot formation mechanism are meaningful to contro ...
automobiles, etc ; cast iron; humans; three-dimensional printing; titanium; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The development of materials for biomedical, aerospace, and automobile industries has been a significant area of research in recent years. Various metallic materials, including steels, cast iron, nickel-based alloys, and other metals with exceptional mechanical properties, have been reportedly utilized for fabrication in these industries. However, titanium and its alloys have proven to be outstand ...
automobiles, etc ; absorption; epoxides; kenaf; polymers; sisal; water uptake; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In recent years, natural fibers have been used more frequently for their lower weight to strength ratio, low cost, and environmental-friendly attributes. In this work, sisal/kenaf fiber reinforced with epoxy matrix hybrid composite (HC) was manufactured and their mechanical properties were compared with the sisal fiber composite (SFC) and kenaf fiber composite (KFC). Water absorption was carried o ...
automobiles, etc ; aluminum alloys; deformation; microstructure; rail transportation; weight loss; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Aluminum alloy is the optimum material for weight reduction and widely used in a lot of industries including automobile, rail transportation, aerospace, and so on. Ternary Ti₃AlC₂ powder was adopted in this study to improve the laser welding quality of 6061 Al alloy. Addition of the Ti₃AlC₂ powder could increase the width and stability of the molten pool, which was beneficial to inhibit the format ...
automobiles, etc ; energy use and consumption; environment; mercury; temperature; traffic; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The initial purpose of this study has been to develop an instrumental platform for monitoring mercury (Hg) emissions from vehicle exhausts under actual traffic conditions. The platform was then mounted onto a fully-instrumented passenger car to identify emission proxies and factors governing the emissions of gaseous elemental Hg (GeM) and its complementary fraction (GdPM). Data obtained from the r ...
automobiles, etc ; biotechnology; fractal dimensions; human health; particulates; porosity; temperature; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... With the rising emission of NO and particulate matter in vehicle exhaust, the atmosphere is gradually deteriorating and human health is being impacted. In order to reduce the NO emission in automobile exhaust devices, a tubular microreactor with a Cantor structure was studied in this paper. The NO conversion rate and concentration were evaluated by considering the fractal principle, reactant conce ...
automobiles, etc ; heat; humans; multicultural diversity; research; summer; surface temperature; surveys; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Upward trends in ground-level warming are expected to intensify, affecting the health of human populations. Specific to the United States, the Northeast (NE) region is one of the most vulnerable to these warming trends. Previous research has found social disparities in the distribution of heat, while recent studies have examined associations between metropolitan racial/ethnic segregation and heat ...
automobiles, etc ; algorithms; durability; electric vehicles; energy conversion; fuel cells; models; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Aiming at increasing fuel cell (FC) stack durability in driving conditions, part of the scientific community has focused its efforts on developing energy management strategies (EMS) for fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCV). Nonetheless, most of these studies do not explicitly explain the effect of constraining the EMS in both degradation and performance when acting on the FC system dynamics or operatio ...
automobiles, etc ; energy; energy costs; gasoline; markets; models; prices; questionnaires; surveys; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... As the largest automobile market in the world, gasoline price has had a profound impact on consumers in China. However, consumers always queue to refuel when gasoline prices rise. To examine the consumer responses and behaviors to gasoline price rise, we built a Motivation-Individuality-Reaction (MIR) model with a novel comprehensive analysis approach that employed a social network-based public su ...
automobiles, etc ; catalytic activity; disinfection; reaction mechanisms; remediation; volatile organic compounds; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Single-atom site catalysts (SACs) can maximize the utilization of active metal species and provide an attractive way to regulate the activity and selectivity of catalytic reactions. The adjustable coordination configuration and atomic structure of SACs enable them to be an ideal candidate for revealing reaction mechanisms in various catalytic processes. The minimum use of metals and relatively tig ...
Cassiano A. R. Bernardino; Claudio F. Mahler; Ricardo E. Santelli; Bernardo F. Braz; Renata C. Borges; Julia O. Fernandes; Anna C. S. Gomes; Fernando H. Cincotto; Luís A. B. Novo
automobiles, etc ; organic matter; pH; platinum; population density; roadsides; traffic; urbanization; Brazil; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The contamination of soils due to traffic-related activities has been an ever-growing concern since the mid-20th century. This global issue impacts both rural soils often used for agriculture and grazing, and urban soils in densely populated urban areas. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the distribution of catalytic converters-related elements (Pd, Pt, Rh, Mo, and Ni) in roadside soils from ...