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biologists, etc ; area; cells; fields; molecular biology; toys; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... With the focus on technology for this issue of Molecular Cell, a group of scientists working in different areas of molecular biology provide their perspective on the most recent important technological advance in their field, where the field is lacking, and their wish list for future technology development. ...
biologists, etc ; biomathematics; buildings; ecology; image analysis; mathematical models; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Science is based on studying some aspects of the world while holding others constant. The assumptions of what can and cannot be ignored implicitly shape our understanding of the world around us. This truth is particularly evident when studying biology through mathematical models, where one must explicitly state assumptions during the process of model building. Although we often recognize that all ...
... More than 6% of babies are born with a structural or functional defect, and many of these need special care and treatment to survive and thrive. Such defects can be inherited, arise through exposure to altered conditions or compounds in the womb, or result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Since the 1940s, animal experiments and epidemiological studies have identified many e ...
... A biography of the eminent arachnologist and systematic biologist, Norman I. Platnick, Curator Emeritus at the American Museum of Natural History, New York, is presented. ...
... A paper on the occasion of the 75ᵗʰ birthday of Terry Lee Erwin (1940–2020), an outstanding biologist and founding Editor-in-Chief of ZooKeys, was published in 2015 and contained complete lists of Erwin’s publications, patronyms (taxa named after him) and new taxa published by him. The present paper aims to complement these lists with all new information published after 2015, including the papers ...
biologists, etc ; design; economic theory; professionals; scientists; wildlife management; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Conservation decisions are typically made in complex, dynamic, and uncertain settings, where multiple actors raise diverse and potentially conflicting claims, champion different and sometimes contradictory values, and enjoy varying degrees of freedom and power to act and influence collective decisions. Therefore, effective conservation actions require conservation scientists and practitioners to t ...
biologists, etc ; cellular microenvironment; fields; fluids; lipid bilayers; lipids; membrane proteins; models; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cell membranes are now emerging as finely tuned molecular systems, signifying that re‐evaluation of our understanding of their structure is essential. Although the idea that cell membrane lipid bilayers do little more than give shape and form to cells and limit diffusion between cells and their environment is totally passé, the structural, compositional, and functional complexity of lipid bilayers ...
... Biologists unable to recognize common plants, and a decline in botany students, faculty, courses, university departments, and herbaria, highlight the current erosion of botany. How did we reach this crisis, knowing that plants form the basis for life? What are the causes? What can we do to reverse it? ...
biologists, etc ; behavior; physical properties; steering systems; wills; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Complex organisms thwart the simple rectilinear causality paradigm of “necessary and sufficient,” with its experimental strategy of “knock down and overexpress.” This Essay organizes the eccentricities of biology into four categories that call for new mathematical approaches; recaps for the biologist the philosopher's recent refinements to the causation concept and the mathematician's computationa ...
biologists, etc ; empirical research; genes; models; natural selection; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recently, Doolittle and Inkpen formulated a thought provoking theory, asserting that evolution by natural selection was responsible for the sideways evolution of two radically different kinds of selective units (also called Domains). The former entities, termed singers, correspond to the usual objects studied by evolutionary biologists (gene, genomes, individuals, species, etc.), whereas the later ...
biologists, etc ; gibberellins; hormones; macroalgae; plant growth; planting; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Lalit Mohan Srivastava (1931–2012) was a well-known plant developmental biologist. He was an authority on the molecular basis of the action of gibberellins and on the physiology, and biochemistry of the seaweeds. Here, we honor him by presenting a glimpse of his life and research; he had authored more than 60 research papers, of which we mention only a few. ...
biologists, etc ; Herpesviridae; Zalophus californianus; alleles; antigen presentation; disease susceptibility; ecologists; evolution; humans; infection; major histocompatibility complex; plasmids; polymorphism; prevalence; wildlife; Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... High allelic polymorphism and association with disease susceptibility has made the genes encoding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen presentation molecules in humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife species of wide interest to ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and health specialists. The often multifaceted polygenism and extreme polymorphism of this immunogenetic system have made ...
biologists, etc ; Elephantidae; animals; ecologists; population viability; statistical analysis; wildlife; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Animal tracking and biologging devices record large amounts of data on individual movement behaviors in natural environments. In these data, movement ecologists often view unexplained variation around the mean as “noise” when studying patterns at the population level. In the field of behavioral ecology, however, focus has shifted from population means to the biological underpinnings of variation a ...
biologists, etc ; bacteria; biochemical compounds; ecologists; engineers; evolution; microbial ecology; mutants; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bacteria are widely used for commercially producing biomolecules. However, attempts to rationally design production strains and optimize cultivation conditions are frequently counteracted by the emergence of mutants with reduced production characteristics that decrease overall process yield. The reason why these mutants arise is likely because of a mismatch between the ecological conditions under ...
biologists, etc ; animal behavior; exhibitions; humans; information processing; learning; planting; researchers; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... In recent years, advances in science, technology, and the way in which we view our world have led to an increasingly broad use of the term “intelligence”. As we learn more about biological systems, we find more and more examples of complex and precise adaptive behavior in animals and plants. Similarly, as we build more complex computational systems, we recognize the emergence of highly sophisticat ...
... Ronald Brady was the first philosopher to defend pattern cladistics as an independent scientific field. That independence was achieved through the decoupling of biological systematics from phylogenetics––that is, inferred evolutionary processes (e.g. character transformation). Brady saw parallels between biological systematics and Wolfgang von Goethe's Morphology, an empirical scientific field tha ...
biologists, etc ; bioactive properties; biosynthesis; cell structures; cellular microenvironment; chemists; image analysis; monitoring; objectives; surfaces; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Systematically dissecting the molecular basis of the cell surface as well as its related biological activities is considered as one of the most cutting-edge fields in fundamental sciences. The advent of various advanced cell imaging techniques allows us to gain a glimpse of how the cell surface is structured and coordinated with other cellular components to respond to intracellular signals and env ...
... Plant polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are ubiquitous copper metalloenzymes with a biochemistry that has been known for more than a century. By the 1990s, biologists began to recognize the importance of PPOs in plant response to the infestation of herbivores and pathogens; ideas concerning a defensive role for PPOs arose to address observed evidence, and several testable hypotheses were suggested. Two p ...
biologists, etc ; area; behavior; biophysics; cytoskeleton; dynamics; forces; growth and development; homeostasis; information; knowledge; microscopy; neurites; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... For more than a century, mechanical forces have been predicted to govern many biological processes during development, both at the cellular level and in tissue homeostasis. The cytomechanics of the thin and highly extended neuronal axons have intrigued generations of biologists and biophysicists. However, our knowledge of the biophysics of neurite growth and development is far from complete. Due t ...
... The gradual transition of the algal ancestor from the freshwater to land has always attracted evolutionary biologists. The recent report of high-quality reference genomes of five Charophyta algae (Spirogloea muscicola, Mesotaenium endlicherianum, Mesostigma viride, Chlorokybus atmophyticus and Penium margaritaceum) and one hornwort (Anthoceros angustus) species sheds light on this fascinating tran ...