An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Triclosan (TCS) is a ubiquitous antimicrobial used in daily consumer products. Previous reports have shown that TCS could induce hepatotoxicity, endocrine disruption, disturbance on immune function and impaired thyroid function. Kidney is critical in the elimination of toxins, while the effects of TCS on kidney have not yet been well-characterized. The aim of the present study was to investigate t ...
... In biomedical practices, multiple biomarkers are often combined using a prespecified classification rule with tree structure for diagnostic decisions. The classification structure and cutoff point at each node of a tree are usually chosen on an ad hoc basis, depending on decision makers' experience. There is a lack of analytical approaches that lead to optimal prediction performance, and that guid ...
... microRNAs are non-coding molecules, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, that regulate various cellular processes. A growing body of evidence has suggested that their dysregulated expression is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Early onset of this chronic and complex metabolic disorder is frequently undiagnosed, leading to the developmen ...
... Personal chemical exposure assessment is necessary to determine the frequency and magnitude of individual chemical exposures, especially since chemicals present in everyday environments may lead to adverse health outcomes. In the last decade, silicone wristbands have emerged as a new chemical exposure assessment tool and have since been utilized for assessing personal exposure to a wide range of c ...
... Necrosis is an important biomarker, which only occurs in pathological situations. Tracking of necrosis avid agents is of crucial importance toward understanding their mechanisms. Herein, we developed a modular probe strategy based on bioorthogonal copper-free click chemistry. Structural modification of rhein with transcyclooctene (TCO) led to the identification of rhein-TCO2 as the most active pro ...
biomarkers, etc ; biosensors; oligonucleotides; precision medicine; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Aptamer-based dual recognition strategy, using dual aptamers or the cooperation of aptamers with other recognition elements, can better utilize the advantages of each recognition molecule and increase the design flexibility to effectively overcome the limitations of a single molecule recognition strategy, thereby improving the sensitivity and selectivity and facilitating the regulation of biologic ...
biomarkers, etc ; peptides; proteinases; proteolysis; therapeutics; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Proteases are excellent biomarkers for a variety of diseases, offer multiple opportunities for diagnostic applications and are valuable targets for therapy. From a chemistry-based perspective this review discusses and critiques the most recent advances in the field of substrate-based probes for the detection and analysis of proteolytic activity both in vitro and in vivo. ...
biomarkers, etc ; Eocene epoch; basins; geochemistry; China; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The easternmost extent of the large epicontinental Proto-Paratethys Sea is recorded in Eocene sediments of the Tarim Basin in western China. However, sporadic reports of marine-derived coccoliths in its eastern neighbor Qaidam Basin, which is conventionally considered to be an isolated lacustrine basin, cast doubt on this assumption. Here we present biomarker data on a core drilled in westernmost ...
biomarkers, etc ; cold; fluorescence; fluorescent dyes; metabolism; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Live cell discrimination is the first and essential step to understand complex biosystems. Conventional cell discrimination involving various antibodies relies on selective surface biomarkers. Compared to antibodies, the fluorescent probe strategy allows the utilisation of intracellular biomarkers, providing broader options with unique chemical principles to achieve the live cell distinction. In g ...
biomarkers, etc ; desalination; energy conversion; nanopores; seawater; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Solid-state nanochannel-based sensing systems with various structures and morphologies have realized precise measurements for various key biomarkers due to their tunable physical structures and morphologies, controllable chemical properties, and a nanoconfined space-induced target enriching effect. In the past several decades, series of solid-state nanochannel-based sensing systems mainly focused ...
biomarkers, etc ; autophagy; endocrinology; hyperglycemia; pregnancy; trophoblast; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Maternal pregnancy hyperglycemia is often accompanied by placental dysfunction. During placental development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the transformation of relatively noninvasive trophoblasts into highly invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). However, the specific role of EMT in placentas under hyperglycemia environments remains relatively unexplored. Stanniocalc ...
biomarkers, etc ; Internet; genomics; neoplasms; therapeutics; uncertainty; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Tumor mutational burden (TMB) refers to the number of somatic mutations in a tumor per megabase and is a biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently approved for tumors with TMB greater than or equal to 10 mutations/megabase. Many laboratories are currently reporting TMB values based upon targeted resequencing panels with limited genomi ...
biomarkers, etc ; computer simulation; etiology; glaucoma; microRNA; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a type of glaucoma with a normal appearance of anterior chamber angle. The molecular etiology of POAG is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of non-coding RNAs in POAG. The down-regulation patterns were observed for 2495 probs, and 5548 probs were up-regulated. These 8043 up/down-regulated probs bind to 4984 different genes. In POAG pati ...
biomarkers, etc ; models; nomogram; prognosis; squamous cell carcinoma; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Pretreatment inflammation-based biomarkers and the prognostic nutrition index (PNI) have been used to evaluate prognosis in cancer patients. However, few studies have focused on the prognostic value of post-treatment inflammation-based biomarkers and PNI in ESCC patients. We aimed to investigate the values of pre/post-treatment inflammatory parameters and PNI for establishing a nomogram to predict ...
biomarkers, etc ; analytical chemistry; cell communication; lipids; prognosis; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane enclosed nano-sized vesicles that are secreted by all known organisms. These vesicles are increasingly recognized as important circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of different diseases including various types of cancer, owing to their essential role in intercellular communication. EVs preserve heterogeneity in both physical propert ...
biomarkers, etc ; energy metabolism; homeostasis; pollution; reproduction; research; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development, and homeostasis of all vertebrates. There are many environmental contaminants that are known to disrupt TH action, yet their mechanisms are only partially understood. While the effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are mostly studied as “hormone system silos”, the present critical review highlights the complexity of ...
biomarkers, etc ; RNA; deoxyribonucleases; endocytosis; fluorescence; therapeutics; transfection; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recently, using nanomaterials to enhance the endocytosis capability and sensitivity of probes for RNA imaging in living cells has gotten the attention of many researchers. Nanomaterials, as a reliable alternative to transfection reagents, could prevent nucleic acid probes from being degraded by DNase, and bring them into sub-cellular locations for efficient internalization. Therefore, nanomaterial ...
biomarkers, etc ; Alzheimer disease; atrophy; decline; diffusivity; hippocampus; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... At present, clinical use of MRI in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mostly focused on the assessment of brain atrophy, namely in the hippocampal region. Despite this, multiple biomarkers reflecting structural and functional brain connectivity changes have shown promising results in the assessment of AD. To help identify the most relevant ones that may stand a chance of being used in clinical practice, ...
biomarkers, etc ; analytical chemistry; electrochemiluminescence; electrochemistry; metabolism; semiconductors; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Quantum dots (QDs), with confined size on the nanoscale (1–10 nm), are usually made of II−VI B group or III−V A group elements or their alloyed semiconductor materials. QDs are endowed with prominent electrochemical and photophysical properties, which makes QD-based assays powerful probes for electrochemical bioanalysis. Both excellent signal enhancement and functionalization have been explored an ...
biomarkers, etc ; adenine; gene expression; genes; humans; transcriptome; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The eukaryotic transcriptome undergoes various post-transcriptional modifications which assists gene expression. Polyadenylation is a molecular process occurring at the 3′-end of the RNA molecule which involves the poly(A) polymerase attaching adenine monophosphate molecules in a chain-like fashion to assemble a poly(A) tail. Multiple RNA isoforms are produced with differing 3′-UTR and exonic comp ...