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1. Utilizing cross-species co-cultures for discovery of novel natural products

Author:
Zhuang, Lei; Zhang, Haoran
Source:
Current opinion in biotechnology 2021 v.69 pp. 252-262
ISSN:
0958-1669
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; biotechnology; coculture;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Discovery of new natural products, especially those with high biological activities and application values, is of great research significance. However, conventional methods based on the cultivation of microbial mono-cultures can hardly satisfy the increasing need of novel natural product generation. Recently, the development of co-cultures composed of different species has emerged as an effective ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.023

2. Modular Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of GE81112 B1 and Related Analogues Enables Elucidation of Its Key Pharmacophores

Author:
Zwick, Christian R.; Sosa, Max B.; Renata, Hans
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021 v.143 no.3 pp. 1673-1679
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; iron; pharmacology;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The GE81112 complex has garnered much interest due to its broad antimicrobial properties and unique ability to inhibit bacterial translation initiation. Herein we report the use of a chemoenzymatic strategy to complete the first total synthesis of GE81112 B1. By pairing iron and α-ketoglutarate dependent hydroxylases found in GE81112 biosynthesis with traditional synthetic methodology, we were abl ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.0c13424

3. A review of green methods for phyto-fabrication of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles and their characterization, properties, and applications

Author:
Al-Hakkani, Mostafa F.; Gouda, Gamal A.; Hassan, Sedky H.A.
Source:
Heliyon 2021 v.7 no.1 pp. e05806
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; biofabrication; hematite; surveys;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of the current work is the introduction of a quick and simple literature survey about the bio-fabrication of the Alpha Hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe₂O₃) using the plant extracts green method. The survey manifested the utilities of the environmentally friendly biosynthesis methods via extracting different plant species, some of its important physicochemical properties, various instrumental a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05806

4. Omics-based strategies to discover novel classes of RiPP natural products

Author:
Kloosterman, Alexander M; Medema, Marnix H; van Wezel, Gilles P
Source:
Current opinion in biotechnology 2021 v.69 pp. 60-67
ISSN:
0958-1669
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; artificial intelligence; biotechnology; peptides;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) form a highly diverse class of natural products, with various biotechnologically and clinically relevant activities. A recent increase in discoveries of novel RiPP classes suggests that currently known RiPPs constitute just the tip of the iceberg. Genome mining has been a driving force behind these discoveries, but remains ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.008

5. Acylceramide is a key player in skin barrier function: insight into the molecular mechanisms of skin barrier formation and ichthyosis pathogenesis

Author:
Akiyama, Masashi
Source:
TheFEBS journal 2021 v.288 no.7 pp. 2119-2130
ISSN:
1742-464X
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; ; ceramides; esterification; ichthyosis; pathogenesis;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... For a quarter of the century, tremendous advances have been achieved in our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and relevant genetic defects underlying ichthyoses and ichthyosis syndromes. Research on the pathogenic mechanisms of ichthyoses has provided novel insights into the synthesis and metabolism of epidermal ceramides. Conversely, our advanced understanding of the dynamics of ceramide ...
DOI:
10.1111/febs.15497

6. Yeast exopolysaccharides and their physiological functions

Author:
Rahbar Saadat, Yalda; Yari Khosroushahi, Ahmad; Pourghassem Gargari, Bahram
Source:
Folia microbiologica 2021 v.66 no.2 pp. 171-182
ISSN:
0015-5632
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; cosmetics; exopolysaccharides; fermentation; yeasts;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mounting evidence indicated the capability of various microorganisms in biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPSs). A wide range of evidence extensively investigated the ability of bacterial species for EPS synthesis and their favorable effects, so little is known regarding yeast species. Many factors like composition of growth media and fermentation conditions are related to the structural and phy ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12223-021-00856-2

7. Total synthesis of alstofonidine via its putative biosynthetic congener

Author:
Sridhara Shanmukha Rao, B.; Ramu, Chennam; Sudhakar, Gangarajula
Source:
Tetrahedron 2021 v.82 pp. 131930
ISSN:
0040-4020
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; biochemical pathways; models; synthesis;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... A first total synthesis of alstofonidine is described from the pentacyclic core, an advanced intermediate reported previously. The pentacyclic core facilitated putative biosynthetic congener access, thereby allowing a rapid synthesis of alstofonidine from the proposed biosynthetic pathway. Besides, the model substrate to obtain a simplified bicyclic acetal portion also leveraged in accomplishing s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2021.131930

8. The apple gene responsible for columnar tree shape reduces the abundance of biologically active gibberellin

Author:
Watanabe, Daichi; Takahashi, Ikuo; Jaroensanti‐Tanaka, Naiyanate; Miyazaki, Sho; Jiang, Kai; Nakayasu, Masaru; Wada, Masato; Asami, Tadao; Mizutani, Masaharu; Okada, Kazuma; Nakajima, Masatoshi
Source:
Theplant journal 2021 v.105 no.4 pp. 1026-1034
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; Arabidopsis thaliana; apples; genes;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ectopic expression of the apple 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase (DOX, 2ODD) gene, designated MdDOX‐Co, is thought to cause the columnar shape of apple trees. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of such a unique tree shape remains unclear. To solve this problem, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MdDOX‐Co contained reduced levels of biologically active gibbere ...
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.15084

9. Compartmentalized biosynthesis of fungal natural products

Author:
Du, Lei; Li, Shengying
Source:
Current opinion in biotechnology 2021 v.69 pp. 128-135
ISSN:
0958-1669
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; biogenesis; biotechnology; fungi; humans; organelles;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fungal natural products (NPs) with diverse chemical structures and biological activities are rich resources of both drugs and toxins, thus causing Janus-like effects on human beings. Significant progress has been made in discovery and mining of novel fungal NPs in the past decades. Unlike prokaryotic organisms, eukaryotic cells of fungi have discrete organelles to form compartmentalized assembly l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.006

10. Transcription factor-based biosensors: a molecular-guided approach for natural product engineering

Author:
Mitchler, Melissa M; Garcia, Jessie M; Montero, Nichole E; Williams, Gavin J
Source:
Current opinion in biotechnology 2021 v.69 pp. 172-181
ISSN:
0958-1669
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; biodiversity; bioeconomics; biosensors; biotechnology; transcription factors;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Natural products and their derivatives offer a rich source of chemical and biological diversity; however, traditional engineering of their biosynthetic pathways to improve yields and access to unnatural derivatives requires a precise understanding of their enzymatic processes. High-throughput screening platforms based on allosteric transcription-factor based biosensors can be leveraged to overcome ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.008

11. Structure and genetic variants of thyroglobulin: Pathophysiological implications

Author:
Citterio, Cintia E.; Rivolta, Carina M.; Targovnik, Héctor M.
Source:
Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2021 v.528 pp. 111227
ISSN:
0303-7207
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; genes; humans; hypothyroidism; pathophysiology; thyroglobulin;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Thyroglobulin (TG) plays a main role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH), and, thus, it is involved in a wide range of vital functions throughout the life cycle of all vertebrates. Deficiency of TH production due to TG genetic variants causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH), with devastating consequences such as intellectual disability and impaired growth if untreated. To this day, 229 var ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mce.2021.111227

12. Alisma genus: Phytochemical constituents, biosynthesis, and biological activities

Author:
Feng, Lei; Liu, Tian‐Tian; Huo, Xiao‐Kui; Tian, Xiang‐Ge; Wang, Chao; Lv, Xia; Ning, Jing; Zhao, Wen‐Yu; Zhang, Bao‐Jing; Sun, Cheng‐Peng; Ma, Xiao‐Chi
Source:
Phytotherapy research 2021 v.35 no.4 pp. 1872-1886
ISSN:
0951-418X
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; phytochemicals; phytotherapy; research; secondary metabolites;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The genus Alisma contains 11 species distributed worldwide, of which at least two species (A. orientale [Sam.] Juzep. and A. plantago‐aquatica Linn.) have been used as common herbal medicines. Secondary metabolites obtained from the genus Alisma are considered to be the material basis for the various biological functions and medicinal applications. In this review, we mainly focused on the recent i ...
DOI:
10.1002/ptr.6933

13. Genetic engineering to improve essential and conditionally essential amino acids in maize: transporter engineering as a reference

Author:
Hasan, Md. Mahmudul; Rima, Rima
Source:
Transgenic research 2021 v.30 no.2 pp. 207-220
ISSN:
0962-8819
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; corn; food security; genes; genetic engineering;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ruminants and humans are unable to synthesize essential amino acids (EAAs) and conditionally essential amino acids (CEAAs) under normal conditions and need to acquire them from plant sources. Maize plays, as a major crop, a central role in global food security. However, maize is deficient in several EAAs and CEAAs. Genetic engineering has been successfully used to enrich the EAA content of maize t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11248-021-00235-0

14. Occurrence and biosynthesis of plant sesterterpenes (C25), a new addition to terpene diversity

Author:
Chen, Qingwen; Li, Jianxu; Ma, Yihua; Yuan, Weiliang; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Guodong
Source:
Plant communications 2021 pp. 100184
ISSN:
2590-3462
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; diterpenoids; evolution; metabolites; monoterpenoids; sesquiterpenoids; triterpenoids;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Terpenes, the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites, have received considerable attention for their highly diverse biological activities. Monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15), diterpenes (C20), and triterpenes (C30) have been extensively investigated at both the biochemical and molecular levels over the past two decades. Sesterterpenes (C25), an understudied terpenoid group, were rece ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100184

15. Unravelling the Genetic Basis of Primary Aldosteronism

Author:
Mourtzi, Niki; Sertedaki, Amalia; Markou, Athina; Piaditis, George P.; Charmandari, Evangelia
Source:
Nutrients 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; aldosterone; germ cells; hypersecretion; hypertension; pathogenesis;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Primary aldosteronism (PA), a condition characterized by autonomous aldosterone hypersecretion, constitutes the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Over the last decade, major breakthroughs have been made in the field of genetics underpinning PA. The advent and wide application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology led to the identification of several somatic and germline mutatio ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu13030875

16. Characterization of a 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 6-hydroxylase involved in paulomycin biosynthesis

Author:
Ding, Yong; Wang, Min; Li, Jine; Li, Pengwei; Guo, Zhenyan; Chen, Yihua
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2021 v.543 pp. 8-14
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; chorismic acid; glycosylation; moieties; oxidoreductases; research;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Paulomycins (PAUs) refer to a group of glycosylated antibiotics with attractive antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria. They contain a special ring A moiety that is prone to dehydrate between C-4 and C-5 to a quinone-type form at acidic condition, which will reduce the antibacterial activities of PAUs significantly. Elucidation of the biosynthetic mechanism of the ring A moiety ma ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.042

17. Chemical probes reveal the timing of early chlorination in vancomycin biosynthesis

Author:
Leng, Daniel J.; Greule, Anja; Cryle, Max J.; Tosin, Manuela
Source:
Chemical communications 2021 v.57 no.18 pp. 2293-2296
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; chlorination; enzymes; glycopeptides; nonribosomal peptides; vancomycin;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Glycopeptides such as vancomycin are antibiotics of last resort whose biosynthetic pathways still hold undefined details. Chemical probes were used to capture biosynthetic intermediates generated in the nonribosomal peptide formation of vancomycin in vivo. The putative intercepted intermediates were characterised via HR-LC-MS². These species provided insights into the timing of the first chlorinat ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0cc07421g

18. Penicillium expansum – Induced release of branched-chain volatile compounds in apple fruit by increasing amino acids accumulation

Author:
Gong, Di; Bi, Yang; Zong, Yuanyuan; Li, Yongcai; Sionov, Edward; Prusky, Dov
Source:
Postharvest biology and technology 2021 v.173 pp. 111432
ISSN:
0925-5214
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; Penicillium expansum; apples; fruits; technology;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Amino acids (AAs) play a critical role in resistance response and biosynthesis of volatile compounds (VOCs) in fruit. In this study, we inoculated apple fruits (cv. Delicious) with Penicillium expansum to investigate the effect of different AA accumulation on the biosynthesis of branched-chain VOCs at different stages of colonization. Generally, infection significantly increased the total AAs in f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111432

19. Side Products of Recombinant Amorpha-4,11-diene Synthase and Their Effect on Microbial Artemisinin Production

Author:
Huang, Jin-Quan; Li, Dong-Mei; Tian, Xiu; Lin, Jia-Ling; Yang, Lei; Xu, Jing-Jing; Fang, Xin
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2021 v.69 no.7 pp. 2168-2178
ISSN:
1520-5118
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; artemisinin; fermentation; food chemistry; oxidoreductases;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) is the first committed enzyme in the biosynthesis of artemisinin. Artemisinin production by biobased fermentation is considered a reliable alternative pathway. Heterologously expressed ADS has been established to generate several minor products, including structural analogues of amorpha-4,11-diene, but their fate in fermentation is still unknown. Here, using chira ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07462

20. Synthetic efforts on the road to marine natural products bearing 4-O-2,3,4,6-tetrasubstituted THPs: an update

Author:
Fariña-Ramos, Marta; García, Celina; Martín, Víctor S.; Álvarez-Méndez, Sergio J.
Source:
RSC advances 2021 v.11 no.10 pp. 5832-5858
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
biosynthesis,   etc   ; carbon; macrolides; oxygen; secondary metabolites;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Scientific literature is inundated with secondary metabolites from marine sources. In this ocean of natural products, the presence of recurring patterns has traditionally led scientists to unravel the biosynthetic mechanisms that naturally yield these products, as well as to imitate Nature to prepare them in the laboratory, especially when promising bioactivities and stimulating molecular architec ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ra10755g