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1. The rose and the fly. A conjecture on the origin of consciousness

Author:
Vallortigara, Giorgio
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2021 v.564 pp. 170-174
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; consciousness; research; sensation;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid and more recently the evolutionary psychologist Nicholas Humphrey argued for a basic distinction between sensation (what is happening to me) and perception (what is happening out there) with the former, but not the latter, being associated with consciousness. Conscious experiences in this view would emerge from changes in the state of the body, i.e. as bodily a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.005

2. Hexafluoroisopropyl Sulfamate: A Useful Reagent for the Synthesis of Sulfamates and Sulfamides

Author:
Sguazzin, Matthew A.; Johnson, Jarrod W.; Magolan, Jakob
Source:
Organic letters 2021 v.23 no.9 pp. 3373-3378
ISSN:
1523-7052
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; chlorides; evaporation; sulfamates;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sulfamates and sulfamides are most often synthesized from alcohols and amines with sulfamoyl chloride, which is an unstable reagent. We have identified hexafluoroisopropyl sulfamate (HFIPS) as a bench-stable solid that reacts readily with a wide variety of alcohols, amines, phenols, and anilines under mild reaction conditions. The sole byproduct of the reaction is hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00855

3. The Roles of Sono-induced Nitrosation and Nitration in the Sono-degradation of Diphenylamine in Water: Mechanisms, Kinetics and Impact Factors

Author:
Yao, Juanjuan; Zhang, Huiying; Chen, Longfu; Liu, Wei; Gao, Naiyun; Liu, Shiyi; Chen, Xiangyu; Rao, Fanghui
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2021 v.402 pp. 123720
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; diphenylamine; pH; toxicity; ultrasonics;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The potential risks of sono-induced nitrosation and nitration side reactions and consequent toxic nitrogenous byproducts were first investigated via sono-degradation of diphenylamine (DPhA) in this study. The kinetic models for overall DPhA degradation and the formation of nitrosation byproduct (N-nitrosodiphenylamine, NDPhA) and nitration byproducts (2-nitro-DPhA and 4-nitro-DPhA) were well estab ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123720

4. Sub-micro and nano-lignin materials: Small size and rapid progress

Author:
Deng, Jia; Sun, Shao-Fei; Zhu, En-Qing; Yang, Jing; Yang, Hai-Yan; Wang, Da-Wei; Ma, Ming-Guo; Shi, Zheng-Jun
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2021 v.164 pp. 113412
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; biopolymers; cellulose; lignin; paper pulp;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer and the main source of aromatic structures on the earth. As a by-product of cellulose in the paper pulp production, lignin has rather low added-value applications. Sub-micro and nano- lignin materials maybe open promising high added-value applications. These new fields have brought about renewed interest for lignin. In this paper, the current developme ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113412

5. Partition-based feature screening for categorical data via RKHS embeddings

Author:
Lu, Jun; Lin, Lu; Wang, WenWu
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2021 v.157 pp. 107176
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; data analysis; paper; screening; seeds; statistics;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper proposes a new screening procedure for the ultrahigh dimensional data with a categorical response. By exploiting the group structure among predictors, a new partition-based screening approach is developed via the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) embeddings in the maximum mean discrepancy framework. Consequently, the new method is able to identify the influential group of predicto ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2021.107176

6. Ir-Catalyzed Selective B(3)-H Amination of o-Carboranes with NH₃

Author:
Au, Yik Ki; Zhang, Jie; Quan, Yangjian; Xie, Zuowei
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021 v.143 no.11 pp. 4148-4153
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; amination; ammonia; feedstocks; reaction mechanisms;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ammonia gas, NH₃, is a cheap and widely used industrial feedstock, which has received tremendous research interests in its functionalization. This work reports a breakthrough in catalytic selective cage B(3)-H amination of o-carboranes with NH₃ via Ir-catalyzed B-H/N-H dehydrocoupling, offering convenient and efficient access to a series of 3-NH₂-o-carborane derivatives in moderate to high isolate ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.1c00593

7. Carbene-mediated synthesis of a germanium tris(dithiolene)dianion

Author:
Tran, Phuong M.; Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; Schaefer, Henry F.; Robinson, Gregory H.
Source:
Chemical communications 2021 v.57 no.20 pp. 2543-2546
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; carbenes; germanium; heterocyclic nitrogen compounds; hydrolysis;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... While the 1 : 1 reaction of 3 with an N-heterocyclic carbene ({(Me)CN(i-Pr)}₂C:) in THF resulted in ligand-substituted product 4, the corresponding 1 : 2 reaction (in the presence of H₂O) gives the first structurally characterized germanium tris(dithiolene)dianion 5 as the major product and the “naked” dithiolene radical 6˙ as a minor by-product. The structure and bonding of 4 and 5 were probed by ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0cc08206f

8. The high-yield direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO₂ and H₂ in a dry reaction environment

Author:
Li, Huazheng; Ren, Shoujie; Zhang, Shenxiang; Padinjarekutt, Surya; Sengupta, Bratin; Liang, Xinhua; Li, Shiguang; Yu, Miao
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2021 v.9 no.5 pp. 2678-2682
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; carbon dioxide; catalysts; hydrogenation; methanol; thermodynamics;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from CO₂ and H₂ is considered a promising production route. However, this process is thermodynamically and kinetically restricted by the presence of water as a byproduct. In this study, a water-conduction membrane was incorporated into the direct DME synthesis reactor to generate a dry reaction environment. In the absence of water, the activities of the CO₂ hy ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ta10417e

9. Differentiation of carbon black from black carbon using a ternary plot based on elemental analysis

Author:
Hong, Junghyun; Moon, Haejoo; Kim, Jisue; Lee, Byung-cheun; Kim, Geun-Bae; Lee, Hyejin; Kim, Younghun
Source:
Chemosphere 2021 v.264 pp. 128511
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; carbon; combustion; human health; soot; toxicology;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Carbon black (CB) is composed of engineered nanoparticles that are commercially produced by partial combustion of hydrocarbons. It is mainly used as a reinforcing agent in vehicle tires. Although the potential health effects of CB have been investigated extensively, some toxicological reports interchange CB with black carbon (BC), which has similar features, thereby misusing the term. BC is an und ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128511

10. Rapid Construction of Tetralin, Chromane, and Indane Motifs via Cyclative C–H/C–H Coupling: Four-Step Total Synthesis of (±)-Russujaponol F

Author:
Zhuang, Zhe; Herron, Alastair N.; Liu, Shuang; Yu, Jin-Quan
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021 v.143 no.2 pp. 687-692
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; ligands; oxidants; phenylacetic acid; sodium percarbonate;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The development of practical C–H/C–H coupling reactions remains a challenging yet appealing synthetic venture because it circumvents the need to prefunctionalize both coupling partners for the generation of C–C bonds. Herein we report a cyclative C(sp³)–H/C(sp²)–H coupling reaction of free aliphatic acids enabled by a cyclopentane-based mono-N-protected β-amino acid ligand. This reaction uses inex ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.0c12484

11. Fixed design local polynomial smoothing and bandwidth selection for right censored data

Author:
Bagkavos, Dimitrios; Ioannides, Dimitrios
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2021 v.153 pp. 107064
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; data analysis; design; methodology; seeds; statistics;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The local polynomial smoothing of the Kaplan–Meier estimate for fixed designs is explored and analyzed. The first benefit, in comparison to classical convolution kernel smoothing, is the development of boundary aware estimates of the distribution function, its derivatives and integrated derivative products of any arbitrary order. The advancements proceed by developing asymptotic mean integrated sq ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2020.107064

12. A spectral algorithm to simulate nonstationary random fields on spheres and multifractal star-shaped random sets

Author:
Emery, Xavier; Alegría, Alfredo
Source:
Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 2020 v.34 no.12 pp. 2301-2311
ISSN:
1436-3240
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; algorithms; models;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... An extension of the turning arcs algorithm is proposed for simulating a random field on the two-dimensional sphere with a second-order dependency structure associated with a locally varying Schoenberg sequence. In particular, the correlation range as well as the fractal index of the simulated random field, obtained as a weighted sum of Legendre waves with random degrees, may vary from place to pla ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00477-020-01855-4

13. Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines via Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology Using a Manganese PN³ Pincer Catalyst

Author:
Hofmann, Natalie; Homberg, Leonard; Hultzsch, Kai C.
Source:
Organic letters 2020 v.22 no.20 pp. 7964-7970
ISSN:
1523-7052
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; catalysts; hydrogen; manganese;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... A straightforward and selective synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines starting from 2-aminobenzyl alcohols and simple secondary alcohols is reported. This one-pot cascade reaction is based on the borrowing hydrogen methodology promoted by a manganese(I) PN³ pincer complex. The reaction selectively leads to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines thanks to a targeted choice of base. This strategy provides ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02905

14. Direct Catalytic Symmetrical, Unsymmetrical N,N-Dialkylation and Cyclization of Acylhydrazides Using Alcohols

Author:
Thiyagarajan, Subramanian; Gunanathan, Chidambaram
Source:
Organic letters 2020 v.22 no.16 pp. 6617-6622
ISSN:
1523-7052
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; glycols; synthesis;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Herein, direct N,N-dialkylation of acylhydrazides using alcohols is reported. This catalytic protocol provides one-pot synthesis of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical N,N-disubstituted acylhydrazides using an assortment of primary and secondary alcohols with remarkable selectivity and excellent yields. Interestingly, the use of diols resulted in intermolecular cyclization of acylhydrazides, and su ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02369

15. Nonparametric Inference for Copulas and Measures of Dependence Under Length-Biased Sampling and Informative Censoring

Author:
Rabhi, Yassir; Bouezmarni, Taoufik
Source:
Journal of the American Statistical Association 2020 v.115 no.531 pp. 1268-1278
ISSN:
1537-274X
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; dementia; Canada;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Length-biased data are often encountered in cross-sectional surveys and prevalent-cohort studies on disease durations. Under length-biased sampling subjects with longer disease durations have greater chance to be observed. As a result, covariate values linked to the longer survivors are favored by the sampling mechanism. When the sampled durations are also subject to right censoring, the censoring ...
DOI:
10.1080/01621459.2019.1611586

16. Synthesis of ortho-Phenolic Sulfilimines via an Intermolecular Sulfur Atom Transfer Cascade Reaction

Author:
Xiong, Feng; Zuo, Yingying; Song, Yinan; Zhang, Linxing; Zhang, Xinhao; Xu, Shaojian; Ren, Yan
Source:
Organic letters 2020 v.22 no.10 pp. 3799-3803
ISSN:
1523-7052
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; sulfur; thiols;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... To expand the toolbox for the synthesis of ortho-phenolic sulfilimines, sigmatropic rearrangements were introduced to the field of sulfilimine chemistry. Herein we report a N–H sulfenylation/[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement cascade reaction. This mild reaction enables commercially available thiols to serve as the sulfenylation reagent and generates water as the sole byproduct. Moreover, the reactio ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01032

17. The contribution of use -wear for stone tool identification at the Upper Paleolithic site Shuidonggou Locality 2, North China

Author:
Zhang, Peiqi; Zhang, Xiaoling; Zwyns, Nicolas; Peng, Fei; Guo, Jialong; Wang, Huiming; Gao, Xing
Source:
Quaternary international 2020 v.535 pp. 29-37
ISSN:
1040-6182
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; archaeology; models; China;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... In North China, the archaeology of the Late Pleistocene is characterized by the persistence of flake-based lithic assemblages. Little is known about the use of stone tools and the reasons behind the success of a relatively simple core and flake technology are unclear. Most lithic studies in the region are traditionally based on a typological categorization of assemblages with the frequencies of co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.quaint.2018.10.006

18. Moving towards circular bioeconomy: Managing olive cake supply chain through contracts

Author:
Raimondo, Maria; Caracciolo, Francesco; Cembalo, Luigi; Chinnici, Gaetano; Pappalardo, Gioacchino; D'Amico, Mario
Source:
Sustainable Production and Consumption 2021 v.28 pp. 180-191
ISSN:
2352-5509
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; bioeconomics; feeds; interviews; olive cake; prices; supply chain;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Circular bioeconomy represents a recent political vision expected to contribute in tackling the main challenges faced when sustainable industrial transition trajectories are to be implemented. Coordination and interdependence among actors are crucial steps for value creation when developing new sustainable supply chains. Current study is based on a choice experiment devised with contract design th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.spc.2021.03.039

19. Copula Particle Filters

Author:
Rodríguez, Carlos E.; Walker, Stephen G.
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2021 v.161 pp. 107230
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; algorithms; data analysis; models; probability;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... A novel analysis of the state space model is presented. It is shown that by modifying the standard recursive update it is possible to apply a copula model to eliminate a particular integral, which is typically performed using importance sampling. With Bayesian models, copulas have recently been shown to provide predictive densities directly, avoiding integrals altogether. As in every particle filt ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2021.107230

20. Hexachlorobutadiene emissions from typical chemical plants

Author:
Wang, Minxiang; Yang, Lili; Liu, Xiaoyun; Wang, Zheng; Liu, Guorui; Zheng, Minghui
Source:
Frontiers of environmental science & engineering 2021 v.15 no.4 pp. 60
ISSN:
2095-2201
Subject:
byproducts,   etc   ; chlorobenzene; hazardous waste; persistent organic pollutants; tetrachloroethylene; trichloroethylene;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) was classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention in 2015. HCBD is mainly an unintentionally produced by-product of chlorinated hydrocarbon (e.g., trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene) synthesis. Few studies of HCBD formation during chemical production processes have been performed, so HCBD emissions from these potentially important source ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11783-020-1352-8