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1. A cyclic manipulation of cage isomers via anion exchange and thermal isomerism

Author:
Park, Seonghyeon; Kim, Dongwon; Kim, Doheon; Kim, Dongwook; Jung, Ok-Sang
Source:
Chemical communications 2021 v.57 no.23 pp. 2919-2922
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; anion exchange; isomerization; peanuts;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... A cyclic manipulation of peanut cage isomers has been achieved via anion exchange and unusual cage isomerism. ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0cc08303h

2. Are endoplasmic reticulum subdomains shaped by asymmetric distribution of phospholipids? Evidence from a C. elegans model system

Author:
Cao, Zhe; Wang, Xiaowei; Huang, Xuhui; Mak, Ho Yi
Source:
BioEssays 2021 v.43 no.1 pp. e2000199
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; biogenesis; endoplasmic reticulum; homeostasis; phospholipids;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Physical contact between organelles are widespread, in part to facilitate the shuttling of protein and lipid cargoes for cellular homeostasis. How do protein‐protein and protein‐lipid interactions shape organelle subdomains that constitute contact sites? The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms extensive contacts with multiple organelles, including lipid droplets (LDs) that are central to cellular fat ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.202000199

3. Suit[3]ane

Author:
Chen, Xiao-Yang; Shen, Dengke; Cai, Kang; Jiao, Yang; Wu, Huang; Song, Bo; Zhang, Long; Tan, Yu; Wang, Yu; Feng, Yuanning; Stern, Charlotte L.; Stoddart, J. Fraser
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020 v.142 no.47 pp. 20152-20160
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; heat; temperature;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Suitanes are a class of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) that consist of two components: a body with limbs protruding outward and a suit that fits appropriately around it, so that there is no easy way for the suit to be removed from the body. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a suit[3]ane, which contains a benzotrithiophene derivative (THBTT) with three protruding he ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.0c09896

4. 8-Aminoquinoline as a bidentate traceless directing group for Cu-catalyzed selective B(4,5)–H disulfenylation of o-carboranes

Author:
Chen, Yu; Quan, Yangjian; Xie, Zuowei
Source:
Chemical communications 2020 v.56 no.85 pp. 12997-13000
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; aminoquinolines; copper; regioselectivity;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... A traceless bidentate directing group guided copper catalyzed direct cage B(4,5)–H disulfenylation of o-carboranes has been achieved, leading to a series of B(4,5)–disulfenylated o-carborane derivatives in high yields with excellent regioselectivity. The in situ departure of the 8-aminoquinoline bidentate auxiliary circumvents additional processes for directing group removal, thus enhancing the at ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0cc05207h

5. Donor–acceptor duality of the transition-metal-like B₂ core in core–shell-like metallo-borospherenes La₃&[B₂@B₁₇]⁻ and La₃&[B₂@B₁₈]⁻

Author:
Zhao, Xiao-Yun; Yan, Miao; Wei, Zhihong; Li, Si-Dian
Source:
RSC advances 2020 v.10 no.56 pp. 34225-34230
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; boron; energy; waist;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Transition-metal doping induces dramatic structural changes and leads to earlier planar → tubular → spherical → core–shell-like structural transitions in boron clusters. Inspired by the newly discovered spherical trihedral metallo-borospherene D₃ₕ La₃&B₁₈⁻ (1) (Chen, et al., Nat. Commun., 2020, 11, 2766) and based on extensive first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein the first and s ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ra06769e

6. Pullet Rearing Affects Collisions and Perch Use in Enriched Colony Cage Layer Housing

Author:
Pullin, Allison N.; Temple, S. Mieko; Bennett, Darin C.; Rufener, Christina B.; Blatchford, Richard A.; Makagon, Maja M.
Source:
Animals 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; hens; perch; pullets;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hens reared in aviaries (AVI) as pullets have improved spatial abilities compared to hens reared in non-enriched cages (CON). However, this effect on behavior has been shown only to 23 weeks of age. Lohmann LSL-Lite hens were reared in either CON or AVI until 19 weeks of age and then moved into enriched colony cages (ECC) containing two elevated perches of different heights (n = 6 ECC/treatment). ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani10081269

7. Development of fish spatio-temporal identifying technology using SegNet in aquaculture net cages

Author:
Abe, S.; Takagi, T.; Torisawa, S.; Abe, K.; Habe, H.; Iguchi, N.; Takehara, K.; Masuma, S.; Yagi, H.; Yamaguchi, T.; Asaumi, S.
Source:
Aquacultural engineering 2021 v.93 pp. 102146
ISSN:
0144-8609
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; farmed fish; fish communities; image analysis; mariculture; mortality; velocimetry;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In marine aquaculture, fish populations constantly decrease throughout the cultivation period because of mortality and escape. Current production management systems provide limited opportunities to count the cultured fish, making it difficult to estimate accurately the fish population in the cage. To overcome this problem, an automatic fish identifying method based on particle tracking velocimetry ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaeng.2021.102146

8. Piecemeal Farm Regulation and the U.S. Commerce Clause

Author:
Carter, Colin A.; Schaefer, K. Aleks; Scheitrum, Daniel
Source:
American journal of agricultural economics 2021 v.103 no.3 pp. 1141-1163
ISSN:
0002-9092
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; eggs; farms; food production; prices; trade; California;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Since January 2015, California has required that all shell eggs consumed in the state be produced cage free or by hens housed in enlarged cages defined under Assembly Bill 1437. This paper assesses the effects of California farm animal housing restrictions on egg prices and production practices inside and outside California, and on the volume of interstate trade. We find that the California regula ...
DOI:
10.1111/ajae.12104

9. Phosphine oxide-directed palladium-catalyzed B(3)–H arylation of o-carboranes

Author:
Lian, Lingxiang; Lin, Caixia; Yu, Yi; Yuan, Yaofeng; Ye, Ke-Yin
Source:
Tetrahedron letters 2020 v.61 no.51 pp. 152625
ISSN:
0040-4039
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; arylation; methodology; phosphine; research;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The selective functionalization of carboranes has received increasing research interests due to their wild applications in chemistry, life, and material sciences. Among various structurally diverse carboranes, the development of selective functionalization of the commercially available o-carborane (1,2-C₂B₁₀H₁₂) has largely focused on the two acidic CH bonds. By contrast, research on the activatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152625

10. Metal-encapsulation induces a highly regioselective Bingel–Hirsch reaction of the labile Y@Cₛ(6)-C₈₂

Author:
Shen, Wangqiang; Yang, Le; Li, Bo; Jin, Peng; Yu, Bing; Cong, Hailin; Akasaka, Takeshi; Lu, Xing
Source:
Chemical communications 2020 v.56 no.92 pp. 14357-14360
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; carbon; encapsulation; regioselectivity; yttrium;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The chemical properties of a prototypical labile mono-EMF, Y@Cₛ(6)-C₈₂, have been systematically disclosed for the first time via a Bingel–Hirsch reaction. Three mono-adduct isomers, namely, 2a, 2b and 2c out of 44 possibilities for the Y@Cₛ(6)-C₈₂ cage have been readily isolated, demonstrating surprisingly high regioselectivity. Crystallographic results of 2b unambiguously confirm its molecular s ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0cc06226j

11. Temperature effects on the C–H symmetric stretching vibrational frequencies of guest hydrocarbon molecules in 5¹², 5¹²6² and 5¹²6⁴ cages of sI and sII clathrate hydrates

Author:
Fuseya, Go; Takeya, Satoshi; Hachikubo, Akihiro
Source:
RSC advances 2020 v.10 no.61 pp. 37582-37587
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; Raman spectroscopy; geometry; temperature;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... C–H symmetric stretching vibrational frequencies of CH₄, C₂H₄ and C₂H₆ molecules encapsulated in 5¹², 5¹²6² and 5¹²6⁴ cages of structures I (sI) and II (sII) clathrate hydrates measured by Raman spectroscopy in the temperature range of 93–183 K was analysed. The slopes of the symmetric stretch vibrational frequencies under changing temperatures (Δv/ΔT) for CH₄, C₂H₄ and C₂H₆ molecules encapsulated ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ra06668k

12. Initial testing of a cage mill with an incorporated blade system on volunteer canola

Author:
Tidemann, Breanne D.; Kubota, Hiroshi; Reid, Patty; Zuidhof, Jennifer
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2020 v.100 no.5 pp. 592-596
ISSN:
1918-1833
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; canola; chaff; energy; weeds;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Redekop Seed Control Unit™ is an integrated reversible cage mill with a blade system added, but the effects of this addition on harvest weed seed control efficacy and chaff flow are not known. Volunteer canola control when processed by a cage mill with either eight fan blades or four fan blades plus four cutting blades at 5 and 10 Mg h⁻¹ was tested. Blade configuration in combination with chaf ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjps-2020-0010

13. Impact of stocking density on growth, feed utilization and survival of cage reared minor carp, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) in Maithon reservoir, India

Author:
Karnatak, Gunjan; Das, Basanta Kumar; Mishal, Puthiyottil; Tayung, Tasso; Kumari, Suman; Sarkar, Uttam Kumar; Das, Archan Kanti; Ali, Yusuf
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.532 pp. 736078
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
cage culture; cage rearing; cages,   etc   ; Labeo bata; allometry; biomass; body weight; carp; condition factor; cost benefit analysis; feed conversion; fingerlings; growth performance; pelleted feeds; ponds; protein efficiency ratio; specific growth rate; stocking rate; India;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of stocking density on growth performance of stunted fingerlings of Labeo bata in cages for a period of 180 days, at Maithon reservoir, Jharkhand, India. L. bata (8.80 + 0.67 cm; 6.18 ± 1.32 g) were reared at three stocking densities of 50 fingerlings m⁻³, 75 fingerlings m⁻³, and 100 fingerlings m‐⁻³ in triplicates in Galvanized Iron (GI) c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736078

14. Efficacy of lotilaner (Credelio™) against experimentally induced infestations of the adult cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, and flea eggs following oral administration to cats

Author:
Paarlberg, Tandy; Karadzovska, Daniela; Helbig, Rainer
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2021 v.14 no.1 pp. 139
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; Ctenocephalides felis; antiparasitic agents; egg production; eggs; oral administration; ticks;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Credelio™ (lotilaner; Elanco) is indicated for the treatment of flea and tick infestations on cats at a recommended lotilaner dose rate of 6–24 mg/kg. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lotilaner following a single oral administration to cats for the treatment and prevention of adult Ctenocephalides felis fleas and flea egg production under laboratory conditions. METHODS: ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-021-04660-2

15. Environmental effects on the ontogenesis of tadpole personality

Author:
Castellano, Sergio; Friard, Olivier
Source:
Animal behaviour 2021 v.175 pp. 153-161
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; Hyla; antipredatory behavior; body size; conspecificity; ontogeny; personality; phenotype; predation; risk; tadpoles;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Behaviours are highly plastic phenotypic traits whose variation depends on the short-term response to external stimuli (contextual plasticity) and on the long-term response to past experiences (developmental plasticity). Despite this great flexibility, behaviours often show individual differences that are consistent across time and context (i.e. ‘animal personality’). By adopting a behavioural-rea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.03.002

16. Computational fluid dynamics applied to the ventilation of small-animal laboratory cages

Author:
Katz, Ira; Voronetska, Kateryna; Libardi, Mickaël; Chalopin, Matthieu; Privat, Patricia; J Esdaile, David; Mougin, Guillaume; Farjot, Géraldine; Milet, Aude
Source:
Laboratory animals 2021 v.55 no.2 pp. 150-157
ISSN:
1758-1117
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; air; animal welfare; exposure duration; fluid mechanics; laboratories; neuroprotective effect; toxicity;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Several studies based on in vivo or in vitro models have found promising results for the noble gas argon in neuroprotection against ischaemic pathologies. The development of argon as a medicinal product includes the requirement for toxicity testing through non-clinical studies. The long exposure period of animals (rats) during several days results in technical and logistic challenges related to th ...
DOI:
10.1177/0023677220937718

17. Escaping the gilded cage: Could COVID-19 lead to improved equine welfare? A review of the literature

Author:
Hockenhull, Jo; Furtado, Tamzin
Source:
Applied animal behaviour science 2021 v.237 pp. 105303
ISSN:
0168-1591
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; COVID-19 infection; animal behavior; clothing; distress; grasses; horses; human population; humans; lifestyle;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Traditionally, UK equines are kept in “gilded cages”; sanitised spaces which aim to provide every comfort, whilst shielding the horse from any form of harm or distress. Horses are typically provided with a “bedroom”; a private space where they may rest on a comfortable clean bed, wear fashionable and warm clothing, enjoy plentiful food, and perhaps play with some toys. These safe spaces may extend ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105303

18. A silsesquioxane-porphyrin-based porous organic polymer as a highly efficient and recyclable absorbent for wastewater treatment

Author:
Chen, Yanli; Fang, Yishan; Yu, Jingkun; Gao, Wenqiang; Zhao, Huijuan; Zhang, Xiaomei
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2021 v.406 pp. 124769
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; absorbents; adsorption; heavy metals; human health; porphyrins; silsesquioxanes; surface area; thermal stability; wastewater; wastewater treatment;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Effective capture of pollutants from wastewater is crucial for protecting the environment and human health. An azo-based porous organic polymer (AzoPPOP) containing porphyrin and inorganics cage polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane units was synthesized via a catalyst-free coupling reaction. Results showed that AzoPPOP possess a high surface area, a hierarchically porous structure, good thermal st ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124769

19. Effects of age, weight, and housing system on prevalence of dead on arrival and carcass condemnation causes in laying hens

Author:
Saraiva, S.; Saraiva, C.; Oliveira, I.; Stilwell, G.; Esteves, A.
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.3 pp. 100910
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; ascites; carcass condemnation; emaciation; necropsy; peritonitis; reproductive system; salpingitis; septicemia; slaughter; slaughterhouses;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Causes of condemnation and dead on arrival (DoA) birds were studied at the slaughterhouse and effects of age, BW, and housing system were investigated. A total of 1,156 (0.18%) birds were found DoA and 20,754 carcasses out of 629,331 (3.30%) were condemned during postmortem inspection. The main reasons for condemnation were peritonitis, septicemia, salpingitis, emaciation, and tumors. The mean per ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.012

20. Effects of the provision of a hiding box or shelf on the behaviour and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites of bold and shy cats housed in single cages

Author:
Ellis, Jacklyn J.; Stryhn, Henrik; Cockram, Michael S.
Source:
Applied animal behaviour science 2021 v.236 pp. 105221
ISSN:
0168-1591
Subject:
cages,   etc   ; animal behavior; environmental enrichment; food intake; glucocorticoids; metabolites; posture; probability;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... It is often stressful for cats to be placed in cages in a shelter and environmental enrichment (EE) of the caging is one mechanism for mitigating this stress. The behavioural style of 72 cats was assessed as bold or shy. They were then randomly allocated (approximately balanced by behavioural style) to one of the following EE treatments in single standard cages: a hiding box (BOX), a perching shel ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105221