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1. Effect of nickel coating on the stress-dependent electric permittivity, piezoelectricity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber, with relevance to stress self-sensing

Author:
Xi, Xiang; Chung, D.D.L.
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.145 pp. 401-410
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon fibers,   etc   ; coatings; nickel;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper unprecedentedly reports the effect of metal (nickel) coating on the stress-dependent electric permittivity, piezoelectricity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber. Both permittivity (2 kHz) and DC conductivity of carbon fiber are increased by nickel coating. For 7-μm diameter carbon fiber, nickel coating (0.25-μm thickness) increases the relative permittivity from 12,200 to 63,200, and d ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.034

2. Effects of carbon nanotube thermal conductivity on optoacoustic transducer performance

Author:
Li, Jiapu; Lan, Xuekai; Lei, Shuang; Ou-Yang, Jun; Yang, Xiaofei; Zhu, Benpeng
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.145 pp. 112-118
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon nanotubes,   etc   ; thermal conductivity;     Show all 3 Subject
Abstract:
... CNT-PDMS composite is regarded as a promising candidate for optoacoustic transducer application. However, the relationship between the CNT thermal conductivity and optoacoustic transducer performance is still undefined. To explore this relationship, four types of CNTs with different diameters and lengths were employed to successfully fabricate four types of optoacoustic transducers. The thermal pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.025

3. On the piezoresistive behavior of carbon fibers - Cantilever-based testing method and Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory modeling

Author:
Yao, Yanbo; Luo, Jiangjiang; Duan, Xiaoshuang; Liu, Tao; Zhang, Yonggang; Liu, Baihua; Yu, Muhuo
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.141 pp. 283-290
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon fibers,   etc   ; engineering; models;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... A good understanding of the piezoresistive behavior of carbon fiber is highly valuable in studying the processing-structure-property relationship of this very important engineering material. Up-to-date, there is still a lack of agreement on the physical origin of the unique modulus-dependent piezoresistivity for carbon fibers. In the present work, an experimental and theoretical modeling combined ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.043

4. Cutting floating single-walled carbon nanotubes with a ‘CO2 blade’

Author:
Tian, Ying; Wei, Nan; Laiho, Patrik; Ahmad, Saeed; Magnin, Yann; Liao, Yongping; Bichara, Christophe; Jiang, Hua; Kauppinen, Esko I.
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.143 pp. 481-486
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon nanotubes,   etc   ; aerosols; cutting; dry deposition; gases;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Uniform ultra-short (<100 nm) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with properties of rich chemistry, high dispersity and easy manipulation, are of great importance for constructing novel nano-structures and highly integrated miniature devices. Herein, we report a recent breakthrough in cutting long SWCNTs into uniform ultra-short segments in gas-phase using CO2 as a ‘blade.’ SWCNTs synthesized ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.035

5. Differences in pH influence the fate of CO2 in plants

Author:
Law, Simon R.
Source:
Physiologia plantarum 2019 v.165 no.3 pp. 445-447
ISSN:
0031-9317
Subject:
carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sinks,   etc   ; pH; phytomass; soil;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Soils represent the largest and most stable carbon pools on Earth, exceeding even the carbon aggregate found in the atmosphere and global phytomass. However, our understanding of how CO₂ travels from the soil to the atmosphere, and the role of plants in this journey, is not fully understood. An article in this issue of Physiologia Plantarum (Shimono et al. 2019) sheds light on this process and une ...
DOI:
10.1111/ppl.12924

6. Piezoelectric and piezoresistive behavior of unmodified carbon fiber

Author:
Xi, Xiang; Chung, D.D.L.
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.145 pp. 452-461
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon fibers,   etc   ; electric field; electrical resistance;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... This work reports the piezoelectric and piezoresistive behavior of unmodified unpoled continuous 12 K/24 K carbon fiber (polyacrylonitrile-based, tensile modulus 240 GPa, electrical resistivity 1.6 × 10−5 Ω m). The first report of the effect of stress on the permittivity of carbon fiber is provided. Under elastic tension (strain ≤0.041%, stress ≤100 MPa), the piezoelectric coupling coefficient d33 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.044

7. Ultrafast terahertz photoresponse of single and double-walled carbon nanotubes: Optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy

Author:
Kar, Srabani; Sood, A.K.
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.144 pp. 731-736
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon nanotubes,   etc   ; energy; models; semiconductors; spectroscopy;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Photocarrier excitation in conventional semiconductors enhances the conductivity due to increased intraband absorption of terahertz (THz) radiation. We report frequency dependent photoconductivity in terahertz range after 800 nm optical pump excitation in (6,5) semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) containing both metallic and semiconducti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2018.12.081

8. Can a carbon emission trading scheme generate the Porter effect? Evidence from pilot areas in China

Author:
Dong, Feng; Dai, Yuanju; Zhang, Shengnan; Zhang, Xiaoyun; Long, Ruyin
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.653 pp. 565-577
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
carbon; carbon markets,   etc   ; cities; emissions; models; China;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... “Kyoto Protocol” states that carbon market is one of three private emission-reduction instruments. Since 2013 China implemented carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) in seven provinces or cities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the implementation of ETS can result in the Porter effect. Based on the Porter hypothesis theory, this study employs the difference-in-difference (DID) m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.395

9. The interplay between multiple toughening mechanisms in nanocomposites with spatially distributed and oriented carbon nanotubes as revealed by dual-scale simulations

Author:
Liu, Qiang; Lomov, Stepan V.; Gorbatikh, Larissa
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.142 pp. 141-149
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon nanotubes,   etc   ; energy; nanocomposites; polymers;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The success of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in increasing toughness of polymers and their composites is often attributed to the additional energy consumed by CNT debonding and pull out. In this work we demonstrate that this mechanism alone can only lead to modest improvements in toughness and that the true toughening power of CNTs lies in activation of multiple mechanisms. Our virtual experiments revea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.005

10. Response to comments by Hoffmann et al. on “Upland grasslands in Northern England were atmospheric carbon sinks regardless of management regime”

Author:
Eze, Samuel; Palmer, Sheila M.; Chapman, Pippa J.
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2019 v.264 pp. 366-368
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
carbon; carbon sinks,   etc   ; grasslands; highlands; England;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hoffmann et al. suspected a likely overestimation of carbon (C) sink reported in our paper (Eze et al., 2018) entitled “Upland grasslands in Northern England were atmospheric carbon sinks regardless of management regime”. They attributed this to potential sources of error associated with the estimation of C fluxes from closed-chamber measurements. We have explained why we think that the C sink rep ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.08.023

11. Mapping temperature and confinement dependence of carbyne formation within carbon nanotubes

Author:
Deng, Yichen; Cranford, Steven W.
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.141 pp. 209-217
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon nanotubes,   etc   ; models; polymers; sowing; temperature;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Single atomistic chains of carbon – a.k.a. carbyne – are of great interest due to their attractive properties. One route of proposed synthesis is exploiting the interior of a carbon nanotube, enabling sufficient alignment and affable temperature conditions for chain growth. Here, we delineate the optimal conditions for growth by means of full atomistic modeling of sequential carbon reactions insid ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.054

12. Oxygenated (113) diamond surface for nitrogen-vacancy quantum sensors with preferential alignment and long coherence time from first principles

Author:
Li, Song; Chou, Jyh-Pin; Wei, Jie; Sun, Minglei; Hu, Alice; Gali, Adam
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.145 pp. 273-280
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon,   etc   ; oxygen; vapors;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Shallow nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is promising in quantum sensing applications however its sensitivity has been limited by surface terminators and defects. There is an immediate quest to find suitable diamond surfaces for NV sensors. In this work, the surface terminators of (113) diamond to host shallow NV centers are studied by means of first principles calculations. Results indicat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.016

13. The shear-driven transformation mechanism from glassy carbon to hexagonal diamond

Author:
Wong, S.; Shiell, T.B.; Cook, B.A.; Bradby, J.E.; McKenzie, D.R.; McCulloch, D.G.
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.142 pp. 475-481
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon,   etc   ; models; temperature;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hexagonal diamond, a potentially superhard material, forms from a glassy carbon precursor at pressures of ∼100 GPa at the relatively low temperature of 400 °C. The formation mechanism of the hexagonal diamond phase was investigated by performing microstructural analysis on cross-sections of the recovered samples. Three distinct structures have been observed, a graphitic region near the centre of t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.080

14. Using model predictions of soil carbon in farm-scale auditing - A software tool

Author:
de Gruijter, J.J.; Wheeler, I.; Malone, B.P.
Source:
Agricultural systems 2019 v.169 pp. 24-30
ISSN:
0308-521X
Subject:
carbon; carbon markets; carbon sequestration,   etc   ; algorithms; case studies; computer software; farmers; risk; soil carbon; uncertainty;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... We introduce a software tool for optimal sampling design in the context of farm-scale soil carbon auditing, where the amount of sequestered soil carbon will be estimated from a random sample. Existing tools do not use available ancillary information, or do not have the functionality needed for farm-scale soil carbon auditing.Using a grid of predicted carbon content with associated uncertainty, the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agsy.2018.11.007

15. A new standard metric describing the adsorption capacity of carbon electrode used in membrane capacitive deionization

Author:
Yoon, Duck-Jin; Choi, Jae-Hwan
Source:
Water research 2019 v.148 pp. 126-132
ISSN:
0043-1354
Subject:
carbon electrodes,   etc   ; adsorption; deionization;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... A new standard metric has been developed to express the actual adsorption capacity of the carbon electrode in consideration of the electrode reactions. The adsorption experiments were carried out by changing the cell potentials (0.6–1.6 V) in the MCDI unit cell. The point at which the electrode reactions occur was determined from the change in instantaneous charge efficiency during the adsorption ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.046

16. Interfacially-grafted single wall carbon nanotube / poly (vinyl alcohol) composite fibers

Author:
Lee, Won Jun; Clancy, Adam J.; Fernández-Toribio, Juan C.; Anthony, David B.; White, Edward R.; Solano, Eduardo; Leese, Hannah S.; Vilatela, Juan J.; Shaffer, Milo S.P.
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.146 pp. 162-171
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon nanotubes,   etc   ; coagulation; molecular weight; nanocomposites; polyvinyl alcohol; spinning;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nanocomposites are critically influenced by interfacial interactions between the reinforcement and matrix. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) of varying molecular weights were prepared and grafted-to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), to improve the interfacial interaction with a homopolymer PVOH matrix. Nanocomposite fibers were coagulation spun across a broad range of loading fractions, controlled b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.075

17. A spatial-temporal decomposition analysis of China's carbon intensity from the economic perspective

Author:
Chen, Chen; Zhao, Tao; Yuan, Rong; Kong, Yingchao
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2019 v.215 pp. 557-569
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
carbon; carbon dioxide,   etc   ; energy; greenhouse gas emissions; China;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... To reduce carbon intensity efficiently, it is important to identify regional differences of China's carbon intensity considering the decoupling relationship between economic output and carbon emissions. This paper divided China's 30 provinces into 4 regions based on the relationship between the average annual growth rates of CO2 emissions and GDP, and explored the driving forces of carbon intensit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.073

18. Coating-boosted interfacial thermal transport for carbon nanotube array nano-thermal interface materials

Author:
Qiu, Lin; Guo, Pu; Kong, Qinyu; Tan, Chong Wei; Liang, Kun; Wei, Jun; Tey, Ju Nie; Feng, Yanhui; Zhang, Xinxin; Tay, Beng Kang
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.145 pp. 725-733
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon nanotubes,   etc   ; coatings; fuels; heat; surface roughness; vapors;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The interfacial thermal transport (ITT) between vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays and heat sink is the dominant barrier blocking the path towards practical application of VACNT arrays as nano-thermal interface materials (nTIMs). Although developing VACNT arrays with homogeneous heights and larger diameters could lower the thermal contact resistance between the arrays and heat sink ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.085

19. How to overcome the electrical conductivity limitation of carbon nanotube yarns drawn from carbon nanotube arrays

Author:
Dini, Yoann; Faure-Vincent, Jérôme; Dijon, Jean
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.144 pp. 301-311
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon nanotubes,   etc   ; activation energy; ambient temperature; electrical conductivity; vapors;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... A complete literature review of carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn conductivities is presented, highlighting that CNT yarns made from CNT arrays grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition show a resistivity limitation of around 1 mΩ cm. We bring a deep understanding of the conduction limitation in CNT yarns spun from arrays thanks to systematic electrical transport studies in a large temperature range (3 K - 350  ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2018.12.041

20. Is there chiral correlation between graphitic layers in double-wall carbon nanotubes?

Author:
He, Maoshuai; Xu, Ziwei; Shang, Danhong; Zhang, Xiuyun; Zhang, Hao; Li, Dong; Jiang, Hua; Kauppinen, Esko; Ding, Feng
Source:
Carbon 2019 v.144 pp. 147-151
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
carbon; carbon nanotubes,   etc   ; iron; models; nanoparticles; optical isomerism; vapors;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Because of the unique concentric structure, double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) possess fascinating properties which depend on the respective chirality of both the outer and the inner tubes. In this work, we study the chiral correlations of DWNTs synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on Fe nanoparticles. Contrary to some recent report, the distribution of chiral angle difference between inner ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2018.12.003