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... Wood is a natural and clean material with lightweight and satisfactory mechanical properties and has been widely used at present. In order to better understand the relation between the anatomical properties and the tribological properties of wood, three representative kinds of wood have been used for experiments. The anatomical structure, extractives combined with the mechanical properties of the ...
cellwalls, etc ; acid hydrolysis; bacteria; peptidoglycans; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The study of peptidoglycan-binding proteins frequently requires in vitro binding assays, in which the isolated peptidoglycan used as a substrate must be carefully quantified. Here, we describe an easy and sensitive assay for peptidoglycan quantification based on a modified Nelson–Somogyi reducing sugar assay. We report the response of this assay to different common sugars and adapt its use to pept ...
cellwalls, etc ; biofuels; biomass; biotechnology; lignocellulose; models; xylanases; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Substrate accessibility remains a key limitation to the efficient enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. Limited substrate accessibility is often addressed by increasing enzyme loading, which increases process and product costs. Alternatively, considerable efforts are underway world-wide to identify amorphogenesis-inducing proteins and protein domains that increase the ac ...
cellwalls, etc ; chloroplasts; genome; liquids; polyethylene glycol; protoplasts; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... PREMISE: A detailed protocol for the protoplast transformation of hornwort tissue is not yet available, limiting molecular biological investigations of these plants and comparative analyses with other bryophytes, which display a gametophyte‐dominant life cycle and are critical to understanding the evolution of key land plant traits. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe a detailed protocol to isolate a ...
cellwalls, etc ; Haematococcus pluvialis; astaxanthin; ethyl acetate; solvents; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... A novel integrated extraction technique for high recovery of natural astaxanthin from wet encysted Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) is demonstrated. The technique can be used to effectively disrupt the cell wall and perform extraction in a one-pot system without a high-energy, cost intensive pre-drying step. The most suitable green solvent was researched in terms of high extraction yield and ...
cellwalls, etc ; bamboos; biomass; biomimetics; plastic deformation; sclerenchyma; texture; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Equal-arc shaped bamboo split (EASB) is an ecological material, and the material utilization rate is as high as 85%. With EASB as the basic unit, various arc-shaped products can be manufactured widely. EASB cleverly uses the indispensable drying process in the bamboo industry to manufacture. The bamboo splits deformation mainly undergoes two processes: uniform heating to complete softening and rap ...
cellwalls, etc ; enzymes; fluorescence emission spectroscopy; lignin; polymerization; silicon; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element for plants, mostly accumulating in cell walls, where its location and content are primed by the chemistry and structure of lignin. It is unrevealed how Si interacts with the process of lignin formation in the CWs. We studied, in an in vitro system, the interaction of SiO₂ with the peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of a lignin monomer into the ligni ...
cellwalls, etc ; arabinose; corn; endosperm; galactose; xylan; xylanases; xylose; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Heteroxylans (HX) from vitreous and floury parts of maize endosperm were isolated. Structural analysis showed a xylan backbone with few unsubstituted xylose residues (<9%) demonstrating the high content in side chains in both fractions. HX from floury endosperm contained more arabinose and galactose than vitreous HX. The mono-substitution rate was 15% higher in the vitreous endosperm HX. Similar a ...
cellwalls, etc ; absorption; biocompatible materials; biodegradability; biopolymers; cellulose; crosslinking; hydrogels; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The growing environmental concerns and increasing demand for eco-friendly materials have obliged researchers worldwide to explore naturally occurring biopolymers for potential applications in various fields. Cellulose is a renewable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and biodegradable biopolymer present in almost every plant cell wall. The hydrogels prepared from cellulose and its derivatives are appealin ...
cellwalls, etc ; X-ray diffraction; bamboos; cellulose microfibrils; dimensional stability; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The mechanical performance and dimensional stability of bamboo is highly dependent on the microfibril orientation in its cell wall sublayers. However, a comprehensive and quantitative description of this orientation at the sublayer scale of cell wall is very challenging to do. Here, we proposed a new approach to quantitatively estimate the cellulose microfibril orientation across the whole cell wa ...
cellwalls, etc ; Streptomyces albus; biogenesis; candicidin; mutants; peptidoglycans; secondary metabolites; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In recent years, much attention has been focused on the biogenesis, engineering and utilisation of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in Gram-negative bacteria in a range of environments and niches. While the precise mechanism of biogenesis is unknown, it is focused on the modification of the Gram-negative cell wall to facilitate blebbing at sites of weakness in and around the characteristically thin ...
cellwalls, etc ; alkali treatment; bamboos; biorefining; cellulose; lignin; lignocellulose; xylan; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The mechanical and physical properties of lignocellulosic materials are closely related to the orientation and interaction of the polymers within cell walls. In this work, Imaging Polarized FTIR, combined with directional chemical removal, was applied to characterize the spatial orientation and interaction of cell wall polymers in bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells from two bamboo species. The res ...
cellwalls, etc ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; bioavailability; glycoproteins; hydrodynamics; lutein; microalgae; small intestine; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) has a potential as a novel source for food/feed because it contains several constituents including bioactive compounds. However, its multilayer cell wall (hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein [HRPGs]) may restrict the bioaccessibility of its nutrients. Therefore, using disruption techniques such as hydrodynamic cavitation (HDC) can be useful for assessing sin ...
cellwalls, etc ; computer software; flora; magnetism; old and fossil wood; ultrastructure; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Emma van Nieuwkoop (for friends Emmy) passed away at her home in Oegstgeest on 12 January 2022 at the age of 88. Emma’s role in the IAWA cannot be overestimated. It started in 1977 when the IAWA Office had moved from Syracuse, NY, USA to Leiden, and the IAWA Bulletin had to be produced in-house in the Rijksherbarium, the new hosting institution. Emma, a secretary of the Flora Maelesiana Foundation ...
cellwalls, etc ; adhesion; atomic force microscopy; cellulose; gold; pH; titration; wood; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chemical force microcopy, a variation of atomic force microscopy, opened the door to visualize chemical nano-properties of various materials in their natural state. The key function of this method is given by translating adhesion forces between a functionalized tip and the sample to chemical surface behavior. In force titration, these adhesion forces are studied in different pH buffers, which allo ...
cellwalls, etc ; biotechnology; cell membranes; fimbriae; flagellum; mass transfer; protein synthesis; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Microbial cell surface layers, which mainly include the cell membrane, cell wall, periplasmic space, outer membrane, capsules, S-layers, pili, and flagella, control material exchange between the cell and the extracellular environment, and have great impact on production titers and yields of various bio-products synthesized by microbes. Recent research work has made exciting achievements in metabol ...
cellwalls, etc ; Phyllostachys edulis; X-ray diffraction; bamboos; cellulose; culms; models; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The secondary cell wall of bamboo parenchyma cells is microfibril-based. However, understanding of the microfibril orientation of secondary cell walls in bamboo parenchyma cells is lacking. This study characterized the microfibril orientation of the sub-layers of the secondary cell wall in the parenchyma cells by field-emission environmental scanning electron microscopy and the microfibril angle o ...
cellwalls, etc ; Protozoa; antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial properties; drug development; immunity; lectins; pathogens; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Lectins are biologically versatile biomolecules with remarkable antimicrobial effects, notably against bacteria, fungi and protozoa, in addition to modulating host immunity. For this, the lectins bind to carbohydrates on the surface of the pathogen, which can cause damage to the cell wall and prevent the attachment of microorganisms to host cells. Thus, this study intends to review the biological ...
cellwalls, etc ; beans; calcium; cations; crosslinking; food research; inositols; pectins; quantitative analysis; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, a detailed quantitative analysis of the mechanisms linked with pectin-cation-phytate hypothesis of hard-to-cook development (HTC) was evaluated to assess the plausibility of this hypothesis. Several common bean varieties with varying sensitivities to HTC were characterized for pectin, cell wall bound calcium and inositol hexaphosphate (InsP₆) content before and after ageing. Ageing ...
cellwalls, etc ; Pleurotus ostreatus; color; electron microscopy; eumelanin; food chemistry; oysters; spectroscopy; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The genus Pleurotus, namely oyster mushroom, is widely cultivated and consumed worldwide. Cap color is an important commercial trait for oyster mushroom. Diverse color is determined by various pigment constituents. However, the pigments of oyster mushrooms are still ambiguous. In this study, we extracted and identified pigments of oyster mushroom species with black, yellow and pink cap color. The ...