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chemokines, etc ; B-lymphocytes; homeostasis; lymph nodes; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Follicular regulatory T cells (Tfrs), a specialized subset of regulatory T cells (Tregs), have a particular role in the control of follicular helper T cell-driven germinal center (GC) responses. Following differentiation signals similar to those received by follicular helper T cells (Tfhs), Tfrs gain expression of characteristic chemokine receptors and transcription factors, such as CXCR5 and Bcl- ...
chemokines, etc ; Miniopterus; Pteropodidae; evolution; gene conversion; genes; humans; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chemokine receptors are an important determinant for the infectiousness of different pathogens, which are able to target the host cells by binding to the extracellular domains of these proteins. This is the mechanism of infection of HIV-1, among other concerning human diseases. Over the past years, it has been shown that two chemokine receptors, CCR2 and CCR5, have been shaped by events of gene co ...
chemokines, etc ; Drosophila; astrocytes; mushroom bodies; neurites; protein secretion; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Neuronal remodeling is a conserved mechanism that eliminates unwanted neurites and can include the loss of cell bodies. In these processes, a key role for glial cells in events from synaptic pruning to neuron elimination has been clearly identified in the last decades. Signals sent from dying neurons or neurites to be removed are received by appropriate glial cells. After receiving these signals, ...
chemokines, etc ; gastrointestinal system; human influenza; pathogenesis; respiratory system; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The productive replication of human influenza viruses is almost exclusively restricted to cells in the respiratory tract. However, a key aspect of the host response to viral infection is the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are not similarly tissue restricted. As such, circulating inflammatory mediators, as well as the resulting activated immune cells, can induce damage thr ...
chemokines, etc ; flow cytometry; immunophenotyping; liver; mice; permeability; phenotype; spleen; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... This 33-color panel delineates immune phenotypes of the major lymphocyte subsets in murine tissues. The panel identifies surface markers for cell activation, differentiation, and exhaustion, and chemokine receptors, in CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, γδ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and B cells in spleen and liver. This panel was designed to include only surface markers to avoid the need for fixation and ...
chemokines, etc ; X-radiation; antagonism; chemokine receptors; drugs; pharmaceutical industry; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ever since the first biologically active chemokines were discovered in the late 1980s, these messenger proteins and their receptors have been the target for a plethora of drug discovery efforts in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as in academia. Owing to the publication of several chemokine receptor X-ray crystal structures, a highly druggable, intracellular, allosteric binding site which part ...
chemokines, etc ; Anguilla japonica; corticotropin; energy metabolism; immunohistochemistry; insulin secretion; research; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study provided the first analysis of the distribution of a CXCL14-like chemokine in the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) pituitary using immunohistochemical techniques. CXCL14-immnoreactive cells were observed in the rostral part of the pars distalis (RPD) and the pars intermedia (PI). The CXCL14-immunoreactive cells were found to correspond to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing cel ...
chemokines, etc ; amino acids; calcium; cytotoxins; data collection; databases; ligands; mathematical models; secretion; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... KIR2DL4 is an interesting receptor expressed on the peripheral blood natural killer (pbNK) cell as it can be either activating or inhibitory depending on the amino acid residues in the domain. This model uses mathematical modelling to investigate the downstream effects of natural killer cells’ activation (KIR2DL4) receptor after stimulation by key ligand (HLA-G) on pbNK cells. Development of this ...
chemokines, etc ; Western blotting; cell viability; pathogenesis; pharmacology; rats; rheumatoid arthritis; therapeutics; transcriptomics; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Activated fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) played a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Apigenin-4′-O-α-L-rhamnoside showed remarkable effects against RA, however, no relevant studies on pharmacology of apigenin-4′-O-α-L-rhamnoside yet, the effects and underlying molecular mechanism of apigenin-4′-O-α-L-rhamnoside on RA are still unclear. This study ...
chemokines, etc ; acetaminophen; antibodies; hepatocytes; inflammation; liver; liver failure; neutrophils; overdose; research; toxicity; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Acute liver injury caused by overdose usage of acetaminophen (APAP) is an intractable clinical problem. Necrotic hepatocytes release large amounts of intracellular components including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which contribute to liver failure and may serve as therapeutic targets. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of DAMPs in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) are remain largely ...
chemokines, etc ; adhesion; bacterial infections; inflammation; lungs; macrophages; microRNA; pathogenesis; pathogens; serotypes; swine; transcriptomics; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is the pathogen of Glässer's disease in pig herds, which can cause severe inflammatory responses. However, at present, the pathogenic mechanism of G. parasuis is not very clear. LncRNAs can regulate the expression of mRNA in a variety of ways, thereby causing host cells to produce a variety of functional changes in response to bacterial infection. Here, we detec ...
chemokines, etc ; bone formation; bone resorption; enzymes; gene expression; gene targeting; inflammation; osteoclasts; periodontitis; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Apical periodontitis is an immune inflammatory response around periapical tissues as a result of pathogens invasion into the root canal. The host immunoinflammatory response could determine the progression of this disease, which involves the recruitment of immune cells, and the release of several cytokines in the lesion site. The 5-lipoxygenase pathway has been activated in some osteolytic disease ...
Matthias Rath; Konrad Schwefel; Matteo Malinverno; Dariush Skowronek; Alexandra Leopoldi; Robin A. Pilz; Doreen Biedenweg; Sander Bekeschus; Josef M. Penninger; Elisabetta Dejana; Ute Felbor
chemokines, etc ; RNA; antineoplastic agents; coculture; drug development; endothelial cells; germ cells; humans; mutants; organoids; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are low-flow vascular lesions prone to cause severe hemorrhage-associated neurological complications. Pathogenic germline variants in CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3 can be identified in nearly 100% of CCM patients with a positive family history. In line with the concept that tumor-like mechanisms are involved in CCM formation and growth, we here demonstrate an abnormall ...
chemokines, etc ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; brain; humans; pandemic; pathogenesis; survival rate; viruses; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the current pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths worldwide. Increasingly contagious variants of concern (VoC) have fueled recurring global infection waves. A major question is the relative severity of the disease caused by previous and currently circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we evaluated the pathogene ...
chemokines, etc ; biocompatibility; bone formation; cartilage; cornea; crosslinking; dendrimers; extracellular matrix; medicine; metabolites; microRNA; transfection; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Dendrimers have been comprehensively used for cargo delivery, nucleic acid delivery (genes, miRNA/siRNAs), delivery of macromolecules, and other various biomedical applications. Dendrimers are highly versatile in function and can be engineered as multifunctional biomacromolecules by modifying the surface for fulfilling different applications. Dendrimers are being used for crosslinking of existing ...
... Skin wound is always accompanied with nerve destruction. Due to the limited clinical treatment option, loss of skin sensation with unsatisfactory nerve regeneration is remained to be a challenge for wound therapy. Endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based in situ regeneration, of which, MSCs recruited by chemokines and directed for neuronal differentiation by biological and electrical signals ...
chemokines, etc ; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidants; crosslinking; curcumin; drugs; heparin; hyaluronic acid; hydrogels; hydrophobicity; inflammation; therapeutics; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chronic wounds cannot proceed through the normal, orderly, and timely sequence of repair. The adverse cycle between excess reactive oxide species (ROS) and a persistent inflammatory response is an important mechanism of impaired wound healing. Herein, by combining the intrinsic bioactivities of natural polysaccharides and natural drugs, a glycosaminoglycan-based hydrogel delivery system is propose ...
chemokines, etc ; HIV infections; RNA; immune response; interferons; macrophages; mitosis; people; therapeutics; transcription (genetics); transcriptome; transcriptomics; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... HIV-1 infection of myeloid cells is associated with the induction of an IFN response. How HIV-1 manipulates and subverts the IFN response is of key interest for the design of therapeutics to improve immune function and mitigate immune dysregulation in people living with HIV. HIV-1 accessory genes function to improve viral fitness by altering host pathways in ways that enable transmission to occur ...
... Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and causes great mortality. ALI presents with overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, cell death, destruction of alveoli-endothelial barriers, and neutrophil infiltration in lung tissues. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules released from damaged cells due to infection, trauma, etc. DAMPs activate ...
... Renal fibrosis is defined by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and is associated with a decreased kidney function. Increased inflammation and infiltration of inflammatory cells are the key features of renal fibrosis development; however, the mechanism of how inflammation starts is still un-known. Here, we show that the activation of epithelial Protease-activating receptor 2 (PAR2) ...