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chlorine, etc ; bromine; disinfection; environmental science; iodides; pathogens; sulfates; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sulfate radicals have been increasingly used for the pathogen inactivation due to their strong redox ability and high selectivity for electron-rich species in the last decade. The application of sulfate radicals in water disinfection has become a very promising technology. However, there is currently a lack of reviews of sulfate radicals inactivated pathogenic microorganisms. At the same time, les ...
chlorine, etc ; byproducts; disinfection; dissolved organic matter; environment; mass spectrometry; molecular weight; oxidation; water treatment; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Organic matter reacts with chlorine forming disinfection byproducts (DBPs) including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetamides (HAMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and haloacetonitriles (HANs). Filter backwash water (FBW) is either released back to the environment or recycled to the head of the treatment plant after solids settling and the remaining dissolved organic matter is a significant pool of DBP p ...
chlorine, etc ; arginine; chlorides; chlorination; cyanogen; histidine; hydrogen peroxide; oxidation; river water; uric acid; water treatment; China; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ultraviolet/persulfate (UV/PS) and Ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂) have attracted much attention in recent years as advanced oxidation processes for water treatment. However, it is not all clear how these two methods affect the formation of cyanogen chloride (CNCl) in the subsequent water chlorination process. In this study, it was found that both UV/H₂O₂ and UV/PS pre-oxidation promoted t ...
... This study systematically explores the syngas characteristics and chlorine release behavior during plasma co-gasification of polyvinylchloride (PVC) and biomass through experimental and thermodynamic methods. The results indicate that carbon conversion rate and chlorine release ratio are positively associated with power and steam/carbon ratio. Plasma co-gasification of PVC and biomass yields 4.96– ...
chlorine, etc ; Listeria monocytogenes; apples; chemical oxygen demand; cross contamination; food safety; industry; octanoic acid; organic matter; peracetic acid; water quality; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... During postharvest processing, apples are transported via dump tanks and flumes with recirculated water treated with sanitizers. This study examined the efficacies of chlorine and peroxyacetic acid (PAA) in controlling Listeria monocytogenes in simulated dump tank water (SDTW) and cross-contamination, and evaluated the strengthening effects of octanoic acid (OA), a Generally Recognized as Safe com ...
... This research evaluated the inactivation of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto the calyces of blueberries, stem scars of cherry tomatoes, and surfaces of grapes using gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) produced by the reaction between sodium chlorite (NaClO₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The inoculated samples were treated with ClO₂ gas in a treatment chamber for 3 h. The results ...
chlorine, etc ; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; cement; compression strength; energy; fly ash; lead; magnesium; municipal solid waste; potassium phosphates; thermodynamics; toxicity; transmission electron microscopes; waste incineration; Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... The high chlorine (Cl) and lead (Pb) content characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) pose environmental risks and hinder resource utilization. Herein, an MSWIFA-based magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) preparation strategy was developed, which allowed the MSWIFA recycling and the Pb-Cl synergistic immobilization without the washing pretreatment. The compress ...
... Recurring foodborne illness outbreaks associated with the consumption of contaminated leafy greens attest to the challenges facing the produce industry. Here we report the effects of a novel combination of gallic acid (1500 mg/L), hydrogen peroxide (30 mg/L), and lactic acid (1800 mg/L) (GHL) on inactivation of foodborne human pathogens on baby spinach. Fresh baby spinach samples inoculated with E ...
chlorine, etc ; Lewis acids; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; byproducts; catalysts; catalytic activity; chlorobenzene; dechlorination; desorption; human health; hydrogen; oxidation; phosphates; pollutants; pyridines; risk; toxicity; volatile organic compounds; water temperature; China; Show all 22 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the process of catalytic destruction of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs), the catalyst is prone to chlorine poisoning and produce polychlorinated byproducts with high toxicity and persistence, bringing great risk to atmospheric environment and human health. To solve these problems, this work applied phosphate to modify K-OMS-2 catalysts. The physicochemical properties of catalysts ...
chlorine; chlorine dioxide, etc ; N-nitrosodimethylamine; disinfection; humans; mineralization; oxidation; ozonation; ozone; wastewater; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... N-Nitrosamines, well-known human carcinogens, are widely considered to be formed through the disinfection of waters containing compounds with amine moieties. The formation mechanisms of nitrosamines during the disinfection of drinking water and wastewater have been previously reviewed in the literature. However, no study to date has reviewed the effects of inorganic ions on nitrosamines formation ...
chlorine; chlorine dioxide, etc ; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella; Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli; decontamination; food safety; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Small-scale studies have shown that chlorine dioxide gas, ClO2(g), was effective for decontamination of produce, nuts, and spices. This study conducted a pilot-scale evaluation to identify effective ClO2(g) treatment parameters for commercial-scale applications. The gas was produced by a generator utilizing chlorite and chlorine gas for decontamination of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (ST ...
... Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are under regulation through the European Water Framework Directive and were recently classified as POPs. Consecutively, the increasing use of middle-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) becomes of growing concern. Knowledge on the occurrence of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) is still scarce particularly in water phase. To achieve sufficient method sensitivity ...
chlorine; chlorine dioxide, etc ; DNA; DNA damage; centrifugation; disinfection; flow cytometry; fluorescence; fungi; propidium; water supply; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recently, the viabilities changes of fungal spores in the water supply system during different disinfection processes have been revealed. SYBR Green I (SG), a nucleic acid stain, its fluorescence intensity is correlated with the amount of double-stranded DNA. This study established a new method through successive SG-SG-PI staining (PI: Propidium Iodide) with flow cytometry (FCM). It could successf ...
... Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) is commonly used as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine because it has a high bactericidal effect and may produce limited concentrations of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, previous studies have reported that free available chlorine (FAC) was produced when ClO₂ reacted with some compounds, such as phenol, leading to the formation of halogenated DBPs. ...
... We have presented a predictive tool for describing Pb²⁺ adsorption on activated carbon (AC). Based on the correlation between the G/D ratio and the adsorbed amount of Pb²⁺ obtained in our previous study (Kuroki et al., 2019), we have further validated the predictive tool by carefully analyzing the results of lead ion adsorption on different AC samples in the present study. Our results show that th ...
chlorine, etc ; crystallization; optical isomerism; solvents; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The optical resolution of chlorine-substituted tropic acids (TAs) by diastereomeric salt formation with (1R,2S)-(−)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol ((−)-ADPE) has been demonstrated. Efficient solvent-induced chirality switching was observed in the case of racemic 2-chlorotropic acid (rac-2-Cl-TA). The recrystallization of the diastereomeric salts of rac-2-Cl-TA from branched alcohols such as i-PrOH an ...
chlorine; chlorine dioxide, etc ; carbon; cytotoxicity; dissolved organic matter; genotoxicity; mass spectrometry; oxidation; research; toxicity testing; water; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The formation of undesirable chloro-organic byproducts is of great concern in the UV/chlorine process. In this study, chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) pre-oxidation was applied to control the formation of chloro-organic byproducts and the toxicity in UV/chlorine-treated water. The molecular-level changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) were tracked by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass ...
... BACKGROUND: This work focuses on the electrochemical production of chlorate solutions for direct use and integration in the manufacture of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂), from the perspective of manufacturing portable ClO₂ electrochemical generators. RESULTS: Chlorate production was evaluated from the oxidation of sodium chloride (NaCl) contained in brackish solutions (20 g L⁻¹) and brines (200 g L⁻¹) in ...
chlorine, etc ; amination; cleavage (chemistry); electron transfer; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... We report an alkoxy radical process for the C–C bond cleavage and functionalization of unstrained tertiary and secondary cyclic alcohols. In the absence of a chlorine atom, the readily available iron catalysts [Fe(OBu-t)₃ or Fe(acac)₃/t-BuONa] facilitate alkoxy radical formation via the direct ligand-to-metal charge transfer of Fe alkoxide and further enable the ring opening and amination of cycli ...
chlorine, etc ; pollution; research; uncertainty; water purification; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rate constants of chlorine atom (Cl•) reactions (kCₗ•) determined using a large variation of experimental methods, including transient measurements, steady-state and computation techniques, were collected from the literature and were discussed together with the reaction mechanisms. The kCₗ• values are generally in the 10⁸–10⁹ mol⁻¹ dm³ s⁻¹ range when the basic reaction between the Cl• and the targ ...