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1. Removal of wastewater and polymer derived N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors with integrated use of chlorine and chlorine dioxide

Author:
Uzun, Habibullah; Kim, Daekyun; Karanfil, Tanju
Source:
Chemosphere 2019 v.216 pp. 224-233
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
chlorine; chlorine dioxide,   etc   ; N-nitrosodimethylamine; byproducts; chlorates; chlorites; disinfection; oxidants; oxidation; pH; polymers; wastewater;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, the effects of five different pre-oxidation scenarios (i.e., individual, simultaneous, and sequential applications of chlorine dioxide [ClO2] and chlorine [Cl2]) on the removal of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation potential (FP) from different water matrices (i.e., non-impacted natural waters, wastewater [WW]-impacted, and polymer-impacted waters) with subsequent chloraminatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.088

2. Halogen Adsorption and Reaction with Bi2(Se,Te)3 and Bi/Bi2(Se,Te)3 C

Author:
Zhu, Haoshan; Zhou, Weimin; Yarmoff, Jory A.
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2018 v.122 no.28 pp. 16122-16131
ISSN:
1932-7455
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; adsorption; annealing; bismuth;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bi₂Se₃ and Bi₂Te₃ and these same surfaces covered with Bi films are exposed to Br₂ and Cl₂ in ultrahigh vacuum. Low-energy electron diffraction and low-energy ion scattering are used to investigate the surface composition before and after halogen exposure. It is found that Br₂ weakly chemisorbs to the Se- or Te-terminated clean surfaces and light annealing removes the adsorbates restoring the inta ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b03920

3. Investigation into reactions of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate with chlorine atom

Author:
Lin, Xuan; Li, Zhaohui; Yu, Yepeng; Chen, Jun; Meng, Qinghui; Zhang, Hang; Shan, Xiaobin; Liu, Fuyi; Sheng, Liusi
Source:
Chemosphere 2019 v.221 pp. 263-269
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; energy; esters; gases; ionization; isomers; spectrometers; ultraviolet radiation;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Reactions between chlorine and unsaturated esters in gas phase are examined in a slow-flow reaction tube inside the laboratory-built photoionization mass spectrometer at the energy range of 8–11 eV. 248 nm laser radiation is used to initiate the reaction. Products are distinguished, C5H8O2Cl for addition, and C5H7O2, C5H7O2Cl and C5H9O2Cl for abstraction. The direct or indirect products are detect ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.202

4. Sunlight caused interference in outdoor N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine colorimetric measurement for residual chlorine and the solution for on-site work

Author:
Li, Peng; Yoshimura, Takeshi; Furuta, Takeshi; Yanagawa, Toshiharu; Shiozaki, Keiko; Kobayashi, Takuya
Source:
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2019 v.169 pp. 640-644
ISSN:
0147-6513
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; chlorination; color; colorimetry; solar radiation; ultraviolet radiation; wavelengths;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chlorination is the most common method to control water qualities, in some case on-site outdoor measurements are required to measure easily-decaying residual chlorine concentration appropriately without delay. In this study sunlight-induced unexpected colour development (UCD) of N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) colorimetric measurement was studied under several sun exposure conditions. The co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.055

5. Ruthenium(II) Acetate Catalyzed Synthesis of Silylated Oxazoles via C–H Silylation and Dehalogenation

Author:
Liu, Shun; Zhang, Shiling; Lin, Qiao; Huang, Yiqi; Li, Bin
Source:
Organic letters 2019 v.21 no.4 pp. 1134-1138
ISSN:
1523-7052
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; bromine; dehalogenation; moieties; oxazoles; regioselectivity; ruthenium; silylation;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... An efficient ruthenium(II)-catalyzed intermolecular selective ortho C–H silylation of 2-aryloxazoles has been described for the first time, which provides a convenient and practical pathway for the synthesis of versatile organosilane compounds with good functional group tolerance and regioselectivity. This catalytic system could be also applied to the dehalogenation of Cl or Br group. ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00085

6. Congener-specific C10C13 and C14C17 chlorinated paraffins in Chinese agricultural soils: Spatio-vertical distribution, homologue pattern and environmental behavior

Author:
Aamir, Muhammad; Yin, Shanshan; Zhou, Yuting; Xu, Chenye; Liu, Kai; Liu, Weiping
Source:
Environmental pollution 2019 v.245 pp. 789-798
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; agricultural land; agricultural soils; alkanes; carbon; spatial distribution; surveys;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... A comprehensive spatio-vertical survey of short-chain (SCCPs, C10-13) and medium-chain (MCCPs, C14-17) chlorinated paraffins (CPs) was performed in surface and core soils from Chinese nation-wide agricultural lands in 2016, and a total of 48 congener groups were measured. The shorter carbon chain C10-11 in SCCP and C14-15 in MCCP homologue groups, and the lower chlorinated congeners (Cl5-7) for bo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.132

7. In situ preparation of C–SiCₓOy coatings with controllable composition on continuous oxygen-enriched SiC fibres

Author:
Xu, Haonan; Wang, Qi; Xiao, Hongrui; Li, Xiangdong; Su, Xiaohui; Tang, Ming; Chen, Lifu; Li, Siwei
Source:
RSC advances 2019 v.9 no.3 pp. 1319-1326
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; carbon; chlorination; coatings; electrical properties; silicon carbide; temperature;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Oxygen-enriched SiC fibres derived from polycarbosilane are exposed to chlorine at 500 to 750 °C for up to 60 min. After chlorination, uniform coatings with controllable thickness are formed in situ on the SiC fibres. Evolution of the coating composition and its relation to the electrical properties are investigated. Results indicate that the porous nature of the coating realizes a reaction-contro ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8ra09095e

8. Killing effects of various treatments on eggs of the skin-parasitic monogeneans Neobenedenia girellae and Benedenia seriolae

Author:
Hirazawa, Noritaka
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 v.498 pp. 285-288
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; benzalkonium chloride; drying; eggs; freshwater; hatching; heat; parasites; tanks;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The effects of heat (40, 50 and 60 °C), drying, freshwater, benzalkonium chloride (100 ppm) and chlorine (60 and 120 ppm available chlorine concentrations) treatments on the hatching abilities of Neobenedenia girellae and Benedenia seriolae eggs were studied. The eyeing and hatching rates of N. girellae and B. seriolae eggs heated at 50 and 60 °C for 1, 5 and 10 min; dried for 1 and 24 h; and trea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.070

9. Formation, distribution, and speciation of DBPs (THMs, HAAs, ClO2−,andClO3−) during treatment of different source water with chlorine and chlorine dioxide

Author:
Padhi, R.K.; Subramanian, S.; Satpathy, K.K.
Source:
Chemosphere 2019 v.218 pp. 540-550
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
chlorine; chlorine dioxide,   etc   ; absorbance; bromine; byproducts; chlorates; chlorination; chlorites; disinfection; dissolved organic carbon; haloacetic acids; rivers; seawater;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Formation potential and speciation characteristics of two important groups of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), namely, trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAS), during Cl2 and ClO2 treatment of water samples collected from three different sources, namely, sea, river, and reservoir, were investigated with reference to key controlling parameters. Formation of inorganic DBPs such as chlorate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.100

10. ClO2 pre-oxidation changes the yields and formation pathways of chloroform and chloral hydrate from phenolic precursors during chlorination

Author:
Gan, Wenhui; Ge, Yuexian; Zhu, Haihui; Huang, Huang; Yang, Xin
Source:
Water research 2019 v.148 pp. 250-260
ISSN:
0043-1354
Subject:
chlorine; chlorine dioxide,   etc   ; benzoquinones; byproducts; catechol; chloral hydrate; chlorination; chloroform; decarboxylation; disinfection; hydrolysis; moieties; organic matter; resorcinol; risk; water treatment;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Phenolic moieties in natural organic matter (NOM) are important precursors of disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, the formation of chloral hydrate from chlorination of seventeen phenolic compounds, including mono-, di- and tri-hydroxybenzenes, were evaluated and the role of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) pre-oxidation on its formation pathways was explored. Chloroform, was also evaluated for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.055

11. Sublimable cationic Ir(iii) phosphor using chlorine as a counterion for high-performance monochromatic and white OLEDs

Author:
Ding, Lei; Zang, Chun-Xiu; Mao, Hui-Ting; Shan, Guo-Gang; Wen, Li-Li; Sun, Hai-Zhu; Xie, Wen-Fa; Su, Zhong-Min
Source:
Chemical communications 2018 v.54 no.83 pp. 11761-11764
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; chemical compounds; chemical reactions;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Different from the previous design strategy, herein, a cationic Ir(iii) complex ([(ptbi)₂Ir(bisq)]Cl) with a small chlorine as the counterion was synthesized, which realized the formation of a solid film via a vacuum-deposition process. The white OLED, employing it as an orange-emitting layer, achieved excellent performances with a brightness of 50 122 cd m⁻², a CE of 25.5 cd A⁻¹, an EQE of 13.1%, ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8cc06201c

12. Comparison of Two Phosphinidenes Binding to Silicon(IV)dichloride as well as to Silylene

Author:
Kundu, Subrata; Sinhababu, Soumen; Siddiqui, Mujahuddin M.; Luebben, Anna V.; Dittrich, Birger; Yang, Tao; Frenking, Gernot; Roesky, Herbert W.
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018 v.140 no.30 pp. 9409-9412
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; ambient temperature; carbenes; silicon;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC) anchored silylene with two phosphinidenes was isolated as (cAAC)Si{P(cAAC)}₂ (3) at room temperature, which was synthesized from the reduction of (Cl₂)Si{P(cAAC)}₂ (2) using 2 equiv of KC₈. Compound 2 resulted from the reaction of 2 equiv of (cAAC)PK (1) with 1 equiv of SiCl₄. Compounds 2 and 3 are the first examples where two terminal phosphinidenes are bind ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.8b06230

13. Efficient α-chlorination of carbonyl containing compounds under basic conditions using methyl chlorosulfate

Author:
Silva, Saúl; Maycock, Christopher D.
Source:
Tetrahedron letters 2018 v.59 no.13 pp. 1233-1238
ISSN:
0040-4039
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; amides; chlorination; ketones; moieties;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... An efficient method for the α-chlorination of ketones under basic conditions is described using methyl chlorosulfate. Its applicability for the chlorination of other functional groups has also been studied and it is equally useful for the synthesis of α-chloroesters and amides. Methyl chlorosulfate is described for the first time as a positive chlorine source. Some aldol reactions which occur duri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.036

14. Characterization of seven psychoactive pharmaceuticals as N‐nitrosodimethylamine precursors during free chlorine and chlorine dioxide chlorination processes

Author:
Lv, Juan; Li, Na
Source:
Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology 2019 v.94 no.1 pp. 53-62
ISSN:
0268-2575
Subject:
chlorine; chlorine dioxide,   etc   ; N-nitrosodimethylamine; aquatic environment; chlorination; dimethylamine; disinfectants; disinfection; drinking water; moieties; nervous system diseases; pH; psychotropic agents; sodium hypochlorite;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Psychoactive pharmaceuticals used to treat neurological disorders are of great concern because of their frequent detection in the aquatic environment and drinking water. The possibility for concurrent formation of N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from psychoactive pharmaceuticals during disinfection is still not well‐studied. In the present study, seven widely used psychoactive drugs were ...
DOI:
10.1002/jctb.5755

15. The perchlorate record during 1956–2004 from Tienshan ice core, East Asia

Author:
Du, Zhiheng; Xiao, Cunde; Furdui, Vasile I.; Zhang, Wangbin
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.656 pp. 1121-1132
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; anthropogenic activities; basins; emissions; ice; latitude; nitrates; perchlorates; stratosphere; temporal variation; Arctic region; China;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Perchlorate concentration in a shallow ice core at Tienshan, East Asia ranged between 0.55 and 52.1 ng L−1, with significant temporal variations during 1956–2004. Since the 1980s, a clear increasing trend of perchlorate was observed in the Miaoergou ice core, possibly the result of elevated stratospheric chlorine levels caused by emissions of anthropogenic volatile chlorine compounds. Although dif ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.456

16. Resistance and resilience of representative low nucleic acid-content bacteria to free chlorine exposure

Author:
Song, Yuhao; Mao, Guannan; Gao, Guanghai; Bartlam, Mark; Wang, Yingying
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2019 v.365 pp. 270-279
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; Escherichia coli K12; Polynucleobacter; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sphingomonas; bacteria; chlorination; disinfection; drinking water; organic carbon; regrowth;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two representative low nucleic acid-content (LNA) bacterial strains, Polynucleobacter sp. CB and Sphingopyxis sp. 15Y-HN, and two commonly used microbial indicators of drinking water disinfection efficiency, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were used to investigate the effects of chlorine disinfection. LNA bacteria were found to be more tolerant than microbial indicator strains at the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.080

17. Simultaneous valorization of polyvinyl chloride and eggshell wastes by a semi-industrial mechanochemical approach

Author:
Baláž, Matej; Bujňáková, Zdenka; Achimovičová, Marcela; Tešinský, Matej; Baláž, Peter
Source:
Environmental research 2019 v.170 pp. 332-336
ISSN:
0013-9351
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; calcium chloride; dechlorination; egg shell; mechanochemistry; milling; organochlorine compounds; poly(vinyl chloride); wastes;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... A semi-industrial approach for simultaneous treatment of eggshell and industrial polyvinyl chloride waste utilizing tools of ball milling is reported therein. On a hundred-gram scale, it is possible to transfer more than 55% of chlorine present in the polyvinyl chloride representing an environmental burden, into harmless soluble form. On a laboratory scale, a complete dechlorination was achieved. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.005

18. Theoretical insight into the optoelectronic properties of lead-free perovskite derivatives of Cs3Sb2X9 (X = Cl, Br, I)

Author:
Liu, Yu-Liang; Yang, Chuan-Lu; Wang, Mei-Shan; Ma, Xiao-Guang; Yi, You-Gen
Source:
Journal of materials science 2019 v.54 no.6 pp. 4732-4741
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; absorption; bromine; carbon dioxide; density functional theory; energy; hydrogen; hydrogen production; iodine; photocatalysis;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The lead-free perovskites derivatives of Cs₃Sb₂X₉ (X = Cl, Br, I) have been synthesized, but their photocatalytic properties are not explored. To evaluate the feasibility for the visible light catalytic performance, we calculate the structural, electronic, optical and charge transfer properties of Cs₃Sb₂X₉, based on the hybrid density functional theory of HSE06 with the projector augmented wave po ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-018-3162-y

19. Occurrence, sources, partitioning and ecological risk of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in river water and sediments in Shanghai

Author:
Wang, Xue-Tong; Jia, Hao-Hao; Hu, Bao-Ping; Cheng, Hang-Xin; Zhou, Ying; Fu, Rui
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.653 pp. 475-484
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; alkanes; aquatic organisms; carbon; factor analysis; molecular weight; pollution; risk; river water; rivers; sediments; China;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... The characteristics of regional environmental pollution of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in river system from Shanghai were comprehensively investigated in this study for the first time. The total concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs ranged from 15.0 to 1640 ng L−1 (median: 278 ng L−1) and 40.3 to 3870 ng L−1 (median: 939 ng L−1) in water, and from not detected (ND) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.391

20. Testing foliar nutritional changes in space and over time in greenhouse tomato

Author:
Llanderal, Alfonso; García-Caparrós, Pedro; Contreras, Juana Isabel; Segura, María Luz; Teresa Lao, María
Source:
Journal of plant nutrition 2019 v.42 no.4 pp. 333-343
ISSN:
1532-4087
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; greenhouses; leaves; light intensity; nitrogen; nutrient content; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; sulfur; temporal variation; tomatoes;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of this trial was to study the spatial and temporal variability of the leaf nutrient concentration in tomato intensive crop under greenhouse, to know the number of sub-samples needed to be taken to obtain a representative sample and the influence by the position in the greenhouses. The experiment consisted on the selection of 20 sample points over the greenhouse with one tomato plant per s ...
DOI:
10.1080/01904167.2018.1555593