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1. Correction to: Rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with CF3CX=CY2 (X=H, F, CF3, Y=H, F, Cl)

Author:
Tokuhashi, Kazuaki; Takizawa, Kenji; Kondo, Shigeo
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2020 v.27 no.3 pp. 3542-3543
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; fluorine; free radicals; hydroxyl radicals;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... We make a correction to the original paper because there was a mistake in our preceding paper (Tokuhashi et al. 2018) that was cited in the original paper. In our preceding paper, we reported the measured rate constant of OH radicals with (E)-CHF=CHF. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-019-07376-0

2. Improving state-level emergency well disinfection strategies in the United States

Author:
Pieper, Kelsey J.; Rhoads, William J.; Saucier, Leslie; Katner, Adrienne; Barrett, Jason R.; Edwards, Marc
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.720 pp. 137451
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; Cryptosporidium; disinfection; pH; pathogens; well water; wells; United States;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... After flooding events, well users are encouraged to disinfect their private wells. However, well disinfection strategies are not consistently applied or proven effective. This study examines the science-based evidence that disinfection procedures reduce microbial loading in well water; reviews inclusion of disinfection principles in state-level emergency protocols; and explores research gaps poten ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137451

3. Dechlorination of chlorotoluene rectification residual liquid (CRRL) by using Williamson ether synthesis (WES) method

Author:
Long, Yuyang; Jin, Zhiyuan; Li, Lijun; Zhang, Mingxin; Hu, Lifang; Shen, Dongsheng; Ruan, Jinmu
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2020 v.27 no.12 pp. 14198-14206
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; chemical industry; dechlorination; dioxins; ethanol; hazardous waste; sodium; ultrasonics;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chlorotoluene rectification residual liquid (CRRL) from chlorotolune industry is hard to dispose of because of its high chlorine concentration, which poses high dioxin risk once it is subjected to incinerate. This research employed a chemical approach by using Williamson ether synthesis (WES) method for CRRL dechlorination. It shows that the sodium dosage, the ethanol dosage, and the ultrasonic ti ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-020-07957-4

4. Unexpected red emission from Cs₄PbI₆ nanocrystals

Author:
Liu, Nianqiao; Sun, Ruijia; Wang, Liangling; Ji, Yanchen; Li, Ning; Cao, Bingqiang; Zhang, Yuhai
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2020 v.8 no.12 pp. 5952-5958
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; energy; image analysis; iodine; ion exchange; nanocrystals; photobleaching; photoluminescence;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Luminescent zero-dimensional perovskites of Cs₄PbBr₆ have spurred a great deal of interest on their photoluminescence (PL) origin in the last few years. Regardless of the ongoing debate, it is interesting to realize that only a Br-based zero-dimensional phase was found to be highly luminescent, while its Cl and I counterparts remain elusive. In this study, we report a luminescent Cs₄PbI₆ zero-dime ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ta00211a

5. One-Step Synthesis of C₂ᵥ-Symmetric Resorcin[4]arene Tetraethers

Author:
Smith, Jordan N.; Brind, Thomasin K.; Petrie, Simon B.; Grant, Mikaela S.; Lucas, Nigel T.
Source:
Journal of organic chemistry 2020 v.85 no.6 pp. 4574-4580
ISSN:
1520-6904
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; aldehydes; aromatic hydrocarbons; bromine; isomers; macrocyclization reactions; regioselectivity; resorcinol;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The three-component reaction between a resorcinol, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, and an alkyl aldehyde (R = C₁–C₁₁) along with BF₃·OEt₂ affords a C₂ᵥ-symmetric resorcin[4]arene tetraether in one step; in most cases, the single isomer can be precipitated from the reaction mixture in moderate to excellent yields (up to 89%). The reaction is tolerant of 2-substituted resorcinols (R′ = OH, Cl, Br, Me), allowi ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.0c00128

6. Dominant formation of unregulated disinfection by-products during electrocoagulation treatment of landfill leachate

Author:
Xu, Bing; Iskander, Syeed Md; He, Zhen
Source:
Environmental research 2020 v.182 pp. 109006
ISSN:
0013-9351
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; activated carbon; byproducts; disinfection; electrocoagulation; landfill leachates; monitoring; toxicity;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... During the electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of landfill leachate, the production of chlorine species may result in the formation of harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs). This formation was investigated in the present study by monitoring five classes of DBPs (haloacetic acids-HAA, trihalomethanes-THM, haloacetonitriles-HAN, haloketones-HK, and halonitromethanes-HNM) in two leachate samples trea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2019.109006

7. Potential valorisation of shredder fines: Towards integrated processes for material upgrading and resource recovery

Author:
Gunaratne, Tharaka; Krook, Joakim; Andersson, Hans; Eklund, Mats
Source:
Resources, conservation, and recycling 2020 v.154 pp. 104590
ISSN:
0921-3449
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; aluminum; chemical composition; copper; energy recovery; mercury;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The lack of process development based on a comprehensive understanding of the material characteristics and the marketability of recoverables is the primary reason why the valorisation of shredder fines has not been realised in practice. In response, a systematic approach was undertaken consisting of 1) strategic sampling and material characterisation, 2) establishing gate and regulatory requiremen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104590

8. Stereoselective halo-succinimide mediated γ-halogenations of substituted α-trialkylsilyl-β,γ-unsaturated esters

Author:
Fealy, Lisa M.; Jennings, Michael P.
Source:
Tetrahedron letters 2020 v.61 no.2 pp. 151384
ISSN:
0040-4039
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; bromine; chemical reactions; chemical structure; diastereoselectivity; esters; iodine;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The halogenation of various α-ester allylsilanes with halo-succinimides (NXS, X = Cl, Br, and I) has been investigated. It has been shown that these reactions readily allow for good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >20:1) for a series of α-ester allylsilanes and halo-succinimide reagents, thereby providing a straightforward approach of preparing γ-halo-(E)-α,β-unsaturated esters. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151384

9. Exploration of reaction rates of chlorine dioxide with tryptophan residue in oligopeptides and proteins

Author:
Ge, Yuexian; Lei, Yu; Lei, Xin; Gan, Wenhui; Shu, Longfei; Yang, Xin
Source:
Journal of environmental sciences (China) 2020 v.93 pp. 129-136
ISSN:
1001-0742
Subject:
chlorine; chlorine dioxide,   etc   ; asparagine; aspartic acid; disinfectants; electron transfer; indoles; melittin; microorganisms; oligopeptides; oxidants; pH; proteins; ribonucleases; tryptophan;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂), an alternative disinfectant to chlorine, has a superior ability to inactivate microorganisms, in which protein damage has been considered as the main inactivation mechanism. However, the reactivity of ClO₂ with amino acid residues in oligopeptides and proteins remains poorly investigated. In this research, we studied the reaction rate constants of ClO₂ with tryptophan resi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.059

10. Development of fungal spore staining methods for flow cytometric quantification and their application in chlorine-based disinfection

Author:
Wen, Gang; Cao, Ruihua; Wan, Qiqi; Tan, Lili; Xu, Xiangqian; Wang, Jingyi; Huang, Tinglin
Source:
Chemosphere 2020 v.243 pp. 125453
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
chlorine; chlorine dioxide,   etc   ; EDTA (chelating agent); disinfectants; disinfection; drinking water; flow cytometry; fluorescent dyes; fungal contamination; fungal spores; fungi; plate count; staining; viability;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fungal contamination in drinking water has been becoming a hot topic. The routine enumeration method of fungal spores is heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). However, this method is time-consuming and labor-intensive and there is also the difficulty of enumerating viable but non-culturable cells. In this study, a rapid, simple and accurate method for quantifying fungal spores and discriminating their ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125453

11. Problems of conventional disinfection and new sterilization methods for antibiotic resistance control

Author:
Zhang, Guosheng; Li, Weiying; Chen, Sheng; Zhou, Wei; Chen, Jiping
Source:
Chemosphere 2020 v.254 pp. 126831
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic resistance genes; bacteria; disinfection; ozone; water treatment;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance has attracted considerable research attention, and the effects of water treatment on antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are being increasingly investigated. As an indispensable part of the water treatment process, disinfection plays an important role in controlling antibiotic resistance. At present, there were m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126831

12. Storage of energy using a gas-liquid H2/Cl2 fuel cell: A first approach to electrochemically-assisted absorbers

Author:
Carvela, M.; Lobato, J.; Rodrigo, M.A.
Source:
Chemosphere 2020 v.254 pp. 126795
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; absorption; ambient temperature; bubbles; electrochemistry; electrolytes; energy; fuel cells; hydrogen; solubility;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this work, the use in fuel cell mode of three electro-absorbers is evaluated for the chloralkaline process and performance is compared with that of a conventional PEMFC operated at the same operation conditions (room temperature). To do this, four cells have been in-house manufactured and compared, in order to determine which electrolyte (solution containing the active species or the membrane) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126795

13. Naegleria fowleri in drinking water distribution systems

Author:
Puzon, Geoffrey J.; Miller, Haylea C.; Malinowski, Natalia; Walsh, Tom; Morgan, Matthew J.
Source:
Current opinion in environmental science & health 2020 v.16 pp. 22-27
ISSN:
2468-5844
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; Meiothermus; Naegleria fowleri; biomarkers; drinking water; meningoencephalitis; prediction; temperature; water distribution; Australia; Pakistan; United States;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... The free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri causes the highly fatal disease primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. N. fowleri is found globally in the environment but has been increasingly detected in engineered water systems, such as drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), with fatal infections recorded from Pakistan, USA and Australia. N. fowleri's presence in DWDSs appears to be regulated by a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.coesh.2020.02.003

14. Temporal release behavior of potassium during pyrolysis and gasification of sawdust particles

Author:
Zhang, Zhen; Liu, Jing; Shen, Fenghua; Wang, Zhen
Source:
Renewable energy 2020 v.156 pp. 98-106
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; activation energy; carbon dioxide; gasification; potassium; potassium carbonate; pyrolysis; renewable energy sources; sawdust;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The potassium release from sawdust in pyrolysis and gasification was studied using an online measurement method. The final results suggested that the potassium releases more in pyrolysis than that in CO₂ gasification environment at 800-900 °C. The overall activation energies and pre-exponential factors of potassium release in pyrolysis and gasification were further derived. In addition, the additi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.076

15. Volatile DBPs contributed marginally to the developmental toxicity of drinking water DBP mixtures against Platynereis dumerilii

Author:
Li, Yu; Jiang, Jingyi; Li, Wanxin; Zhu, Xiaohu; Zhang, Xiangru; Jiang, Feng
Source:
Chemosphere 2020 v.252 pp. 126611
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; adverse effects; byproducts; developmental toxicity; disinfection; drinking water; nitrogen; organic matter; toxicity testing;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed during chlorine disinfection of drinking water. The complicated natural organic matter in source water causes the formation of an even more complicated mixture of DBPs. To evaluate the toxicity of a DBP mixture in a disinfected water sample, the sample needs to be pretreated in order to attain an observable acute adverse effect in the toxicity ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126611

16. NaCl recovery from organic pollutants-containing salt waste via dual effects of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) and crystal regulation with acetone

Author:
Li, Jing; Zheng, Jiayi; Peng, Xiaoqian; Dai, Zongren; Liu, Weizhen; Deng, Hong; Xi, Beidou; Lin, Zhang
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2020 v.260 pp. 121044
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; acetone; crystallization; crystals; environmental hazards; hazardous waste; pollutants; pollution control; pyridines;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... A large amount of salt waste accompanied with contaminants (e.g., organic pollutants) is produced in chemical production process, causing serious environmental hazards and waste of salt resources. However, there have been few satisfactory treatments for this hazardous waste until now. In this work, a novel strategy for NaCl recovery and organic pollutants removal from the salt waste containing pyr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121044

17. Effects of the formation of reactive chlorine species on oxidation process using persulfate and nano zero-valent iron

Author:
Kim, Cheolyong; Thao, Trinh Thi; Kim, Jae-Hyuk; Hwang, Inseong
Source:
Chemosphere 2020 v.250 pp. 126266
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; chlorides; corrosion; free radicals; iron; oxidants; oxidation; phenol; reaction kinetics; reaction mechanisms; saline water; sulfates;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... The chloride ion (Cl⁻) is a matrix ion that plays crucial roles in radical-based oxidation processes used to treat brackish or saline water. Here, the effects of the formation of reactive chlorine species on the performance of and reaction mechanisms involved in persulfate/nano zero-valent iron process were evaluated by investigating the reaction kinetics and performing reactive species scavenging ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126266

18. Physical and mechanical properties of cement containing regional hazelnut shell ash wastes

Author:
Baran, Y.; Gökçe, H.S.; Durmaz, M.
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2020 v.259 pp. 120965
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; biomass; buildings; cement; compression strength; concrete; crop production; fuels; hazelnuts; mechanical properties; wastes; working conditions;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Turkey is ranked in the first place with two-thirds of the world hazelnut production. As the amount of shell obtained from shelled-hazelnut is almost equal to that of hazelnut by weight, the shell is a regionally important waste. The biomass is consumed as a fuel in some homes, workplaces, and public buildings with the help of specific caldrons. In the study, the use of ash was researched in the p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120965

19. Mechanistic investigation of mercury removal by unmodified and Fe-modified biochars based on synchrotron-based methods

Author:
Feng, Yu; Liu, Peng; Wang, Yanxin; Liu, Wenfu; Liu, YingYing; Finfrock, Y. Zou
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.719 pp. 137435
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; biochar; fluorescence; groundwater; image analysis; iron; mercury; remediation; sulfur; temperature; thiols;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Improved surface characteristics and incorporated Fe, S, and Cl species are reported in Fe-modified biochar, which makes it a prospective material for Hg(II) removal. In this study, aqueous Hg(II) was removed from solution by unmodified, FeCl₃-modified, and FeSO₄-modified biochars pyrolyzed at 300, 600, or 900 °C. Higher pyrolytic temperature resulted in higher removal efficiency, with the biochar ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137435

20. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in plastic animal feed packaging and factors affect their migration into animal feed

Author:
Dong, Shujun; Zhang, Su; Li, Xiaomin; Li, Tong; Fan, Mengdie; Wang, Yaxin; Cheng, Jie; Wang, Ruiguo; Zou, Yun; Wang, Shi; Suo, Decheng; Wang, Peilong; Su, Xiaoou
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2020 v.389 pp. 121836
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
chlorine,   etc   ; alkanes; carbon; feeds; flame retardants; packaging; plasticizers; polyethylene; polypropylenes; temperature; China;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used as plasticizers and flame retardants in plastics. Plastic packaging containing CPs is widely used for storage of animal feed, which can become contaminated by CPs that migrate into the feed. In the present study, 31 commercial animal feed packaging samples made of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) were collected from animal feed manufacturers in China. Th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121836