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1. Ultrasonographic alterations of bovine claws sole soft tissues associated with claw horn disruption lesions, body condition score and locomotion score in Holstein dairy cows

Author:
Fabbri, Giorgia; Gianesella, Matteo; Morgante, Massimo; Armato, Leonardo; Bonato, Ortensio; Fiore, Enrico
Source:
Research in veterinary science 2020 v.131 pp. 146-152
ISSN:
0034-5288
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; Holstein; body condition; claws; locomotion; tissues; ultrasonics; ultrasonography;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Claw Horn Disruption Lesions (CHDL) negatively affect the sole soft tissue structures located beneath the sole horn. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CHDL on sole soft tissues by ultrasound means, correlating Body condition score (BCS), locomotion score and CHDL with ultrasonography evaluations of sole soft tissues in Holstein dairy cows. 100 Holstein dairy cows were e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.016

2. Milkability Evaluation of Jersey Dairy Cows by Lactocorder

Author:
Bobić, Tina; Mijić, Pero; Gantner, Vesna; Bunevski, Gjoko; Gregić, Maja
Source:
Macedonian veterinary review 2020 v.43 no.1 pp. 5-12
ISSN:
1857-7415
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; Jersey; milk; milk yield; milking; statistical analysis; udders;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Since there is not enough data about milkability of the Jersey cows, the aim of this paper is to show basic milkability traits of this cattle breed depending on the parity and milk flow curve types. Cows had average daily production (DMY) of 22.23 kg, milk yield per milking (MYM) of 9.72 kg, and average and maximum milk flow about 1.66 and 2.49 kg/min, respectively. Statistical analysis showed tha ...
DOI:
10.2478/macvetrev-2019-0026

3. Preliminary study on the relationship between aflatoxin-bovine serum albumin adducts in blood and aflatoxin M1 levels in milk of dairy cows

Author:
Saltzmann, Janine; Xu, Ya; Gong, Yun Yun; Lindahl, Johanna; Kersten, Susanne; Dänicke, Sven; Routledge, Michael N.
Source:
Mycotoxin research 2020 v.36 no.2 pp. 207-211
ISSN:
0178-7888
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; aflatoxin M1; biomarkers; blood serum; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; humans; milk; serum albumin; Kenya;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aflatoxin (AF) albumin adduct is often used as a biomarker for aflatoxin exposure in humans. An ELISA method previously used for aflatoxin serum albumin in human blood was used to analyse bovine serum samples (n = 22) collected from dairy cattle during an aflatoxin mitigation study in Kenya. Albumin adduct data were compared with aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) levels in corresponding milk samples from th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12550-019-00383-7

4. Beurteilung der Versorgungslage von Milchkühen in der frühen Laktation anhand der Milchinhaltsstoffe

Author:
Ornetsmüller, Karin; Gruber, Leonhard; Horn, Marco; Zollitsch, Werner
Source:
Bodenkultur 2020 v.70 no.4 pp. 189-200
ISSN:
0006-5471
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; crude protein; energy; lactating females; lactation; milk; milk proteins; urea;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... For the on-farm assessment of protein and energy supply of dairy cows, specific management tools based on milk protein and urea content are used. In order to determine the degree of agreement between estimates from the so-called 9-fields table or the updated 6-fields table and the actual protein and energy supply, data from a feeding trial were used (chi-square fit test, sensitivity, specificity a ...
DOI:
10.2478/boku-2019-0017

5. Detection of the respiratory rate of standing cows by combining the Deeplab V3+ semantic segmentation model with the phase-based video magnification algorithm

Author:
Wu, Dihua; Yin, Xuqiang; Jiang, Bo; Jiang, Mei; Li, Zhenyu; Song, Huaibo
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2020 v.192 pp. 72-89
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; algorithms; automatic detection; data collection; heat; heat stress; models; reproductive disorders; respiratory rate;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The respiratory rate (RR) of dairy cows is closely related to heat stress and reproductive diseases. In this study, a method was proposed to detect the RR of standing resting dairy cows by using deep learning and video analysis. First, a Deeplab V3+ semantic segmentation model was developed using the framework of ResNet-101, and the model was trained and tested using 3,000 manually labelled images ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.01.012

6. Detection of bacteria in bovine ovarian follicular fluid

Author:
Salary, A.; Kafi, M.; Derakhshandeh, A.; Moezzi, M.S.
Source:
Letters in applied microbiology 2020 v.70 no.3 pp. 137-142
ISSN:
0266-8254
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; anaerobes; bacteria; follicular fluid; lipopolysaccharides; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; uterus;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to examine the sterility of follicular fluid in large ovarian follicles in dairy cows. In all, 17 samples of paired follicular fluids and uterine contents collected from post‐slaughtered dairy cows were cultured to detect aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Furthermore, the origin of the bacterial isolates from samples of follicular fluid and the uteri was also in ...
DOI:
10.1111/lam.13254

7. Occurrence of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in raw dairy cow milk from five Chinese provinces

Author:
Dong, Shujun; Zhang, Su; Li, Xiaomin; Wei, Shulin; Li, Tong; Zou, Yun; Zhang, Wei; Cheng, Jie; Wang, Ruiguo; Wang, Peilong; Su, Xiaoou
Source:
Environment international 2020 v.136 pp. 105466
ISSN:
0160-4120
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; alkanes; feed intake; food intake; humans; ingestion; lipids; milk; raw milk; silage; China;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are industrial chemicals that are produced in large quantities and used globally. Human exposure to CPs is primarily through dietary intake, especially from animal-derived food products. Even so, there is little information regarding CP concentrations in dairy products. In this study, raw samples of cow milk were collected from various regions in China within the Neimen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2020.105466

8. The effect of GnRH on the pregnancy ratio in low-yielding local race cows: comparison of different injection times

Author:
Uslu, Barış Atalay; Kocyigit, Alper; Sendag, Sait; Gülyüz, Fetih; Wehrend, Axel
Source:
Tropical animal health and production 2020 v.52 no.2 pp. 497-502
ISSN:
0049-4747
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; artificial insemination; estrus; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; luteolysis; ovarian follicles; ovulation; pregnancy rate; prostaglandins; races;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objective of this article was to investigate the efficiency of GnRH administrations at different time points after induced luteolysis on pregnancy rates in low-yielding subfertile cows. One thousand six hundred and ten healthy and subfertile dairy cows of different ages and races were used in this study. Cows were randomly divided into 4 groups. Estrus cycles were synchronized by two, with 11- ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11250-019-02034-6

9. Rumination recognition method of dairy cows based on the change of noseband pressure

Author:
Shen, Weizheng; Zhang, Aijing; Zhang, Yu; Wei, Xiaoli; Sun, Jian
Source:
Information processing in agriculture 2020
ISSN:
2214-3173
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; deglutition; equipment; head; mastication; monitoring; processing technology; rumination; standard deviation; weather;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rumination is closely related to ruminant's health and welfare, so it is very important to monitor rumination. Rumination monitoring equipment based on chewing and swallowing audio is easy to be affected by ambient noise, equipment based on acceleration sensor is not easy to monitor number of cuds and other information, equipment based on video monitoring has high cost and is easy to be affected b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.inpa.2020.01.005

10. Short communication: Teat wall diameter and teat tissue thickness in dairy cows are affected by intramammary pressure and by the mechanical forces of machine milking

Author:
Odorcic, Marina; Blau, Ulrich; Löfstrand, Jenny; Bruckmaier, Rupert M.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2020 v.103 no.1 pp. 884-889
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; forces; jaws; lactating females; milk ejection; milking; teats; ultrasonics; ultrasonography;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to validate and apply 2 different methods to record changes in teat tissue related to machine milking. Teat wall diameter was measured via B-mode ultrasound cross sectioning with a 7.5-MHz linear probe. Teat tissue thickness was measured using a cutimeter (spring-loaded caliper, spring constant 6.5 N/cm, 0.5 N at closed jaws). Both methods were applied at the teat b ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16565

11. Technical note: Effect of storage time and temperature on total calcium concentrations in bovine blood

Author:
Bach, K.D.; Neves, R.C.; Stokol, T.; McArt, J.A.A.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2020 v.103 no.1 pp. 922-928
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; additives; blood sampling; blood serum; calcium; frozen storage; heparin; lithium; storage temperature; storage time;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Our objectives were to examine the stability of (1) serum and plasma total calcium (tCa) after delayed separation of bovine whole blood stored at 4°C, and (2) frozen serum and plasma tCa stored at −80°C. Whole blood was collected from 19 cows into vacutainer tubes (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) containing no additives (serum) or lithium heparin (plasma). Baseline tCa concentrations (0-h tC ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-17394

12. The behavior of dairy cattle in late gestation: Effects of parity and dystocia

Author:
Barraclough, R.A.C.; Shaw, D.J.; Boyce, R.; Haskell, M.J.; Macrae, A.I.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2020 v.103 no.1 pp. 714-722
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; Holstein; animal behavior; automation; calves; calving; dystocia; locomotion; models; monitoring; prediction; pregnancy;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to objectively assess, using an automated behavioral monitoring system, any behavioral differences between primiparous and multiparous cows before calving, and to quantify any behavioral differences between assisted (dystocic) and unassisted (eutocic) calvings. Data were collected from 32 multiparous and 12 primiparous Holstein dairy cattle to describe normal calving beha ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16500

13. 161 Increasing the dose of cloprostenol sodium reduced pregnancy losses but did not increase pregnancies per AI in lactating dairy cows

Author:
Minela, T.; Santos, A.; Schuurmans, E.; Pursley, J. R.
Source:
Reproduction, fertility, and development 2020 v.32 no.2 pp. 207
ISSN:
1031-3613
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; cloprostenol; color; corpus luteum; lactating females; lactation; luteolysis; parity (reproduction); pregnancy; ultrasonics; ultrasonography;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Incomplete luteolysis after last prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) of Ovsynch in fertility programmes decreases the likelihood of pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows (Martins et al. 2011 J. Dairy Sci. 94, 2815-2824; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3652). Two doses of PGF2α 24h apart increased the percentage of cows with complete luteolysis (Brusveen et al. 2009 J. Dairy Sci. 92, 1412-1422; ht ...
DOI:
10.1071/RDv32n2Ab161

14. FLYOLOv3 Deep Learning for Key Parts of Dairy Cow Body Detection

Author:
Jiang, Bo; Wu, Qian; Yin, Xuqiang; Wu, Dihua; Song, Huaibo; He, Dongjian
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2019
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; algorithms; dairy farming; head; legs;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Accurate detection of the key parts of dairy cows is important to the intelligent behavior perception of cows. Owing to the complex background of dairy farms, the object characteristics of dairy cows are not obvious, and traditional object detection algorithms cannot detect the key parts with high precision. In this study, a deep learning network named FLYOLOv3 (FilterLayer YOLOv3) based on Filter ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2019.104982

15. Reproducibility of endometrial cytology using cytobrush technique and agreement for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis between five predefined endometrial sites

Author:
Pothmann, Harald; Müller, Jessica; Pothmann, Isabella; Tichy, Alexander; Drillich, Marc
Source:
Reproduction in domestic animals 2019 v.54 no.2 pp. 350-357
ISSN:
0936-6768
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; endometritis; endometrium; neutrophils; probability;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were as follows: (a) to assess the reproducibility of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) cell counts at five predefined endometrial sites (corpus uteri, left horn base, right horn base, left horn tip and right horn tip) and (b) to determine the agreement for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis (SE) between the different endometrial sites. Forty milking cows betwe ...
DOI:
10.1111/rda.13367

16. Effects of periconceptional heat stress on primiparous and multiparous daughters of Holstein dairy cows

Author:
Rhoads, M.L.
Source:
Theriogenology 2020 v.150 pp. 458-463
ISSN:
0093-691X
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; Holstein; animal products; animal proteins; daughters; embryogenesis; heat stress; milk production; oocytes; postpartum period; spring; summer;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... To meet growing worldwide demands for animal products, animal production will need to increase in capacity and efficiency. Every opportunity to improve animal protein yield should be considered and explored. Developmental programming is one such opportunity that has not yet been thoroughly investigated in farm animal production. While developmental programming can be advantageous for the survival ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.015

17. Gonadotropin priming before OPU: What are the benefits in cows and calves?

Author:
Fry, Richard C.
Source:
Theriogenology 2020 v.150 pp. 236-240
ISSN:
0093-691X
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; breeds; calves; embryo (animal); follicle-stimulating hormone; genetic improvement; genomics; juveniles; oocytes; ovarian follicles; zebu;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Oocyte pick up (OPU) coupled with IVP produce over 1 million cattle embryos per year and has been most successful in Bos indicus derived breeds that contain large numbers of antral follicles on their ovaries. More recently, this technology has been applied on a large scale to Bos taurus cattle, where hormone manipulation is generally employed to improve the developmental competence of the COCs. Ho ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.068

18. Automatic estimation of dairy cattle body condition score from depth image using ensemble model

Author:
Liu, Dong; He, Dongjian; Norton, Tomas
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2020 v.194 pp. 16-27
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; algorithms; body condition; body fat; computer vision; dairy farming; data collection; energy; image analysis; milk production; models;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Body condition scoring (BCS) gives a relative measure of subcutaneous body fat available as energy reserves in the dairy cow. It is an important management tool for maximising milk production and reproduction efficiency while reducing the incidence of metabolic and peripartum diseases. The feasibility of estimating the BCS by computer vision has been demonstrated in recent research. However, the t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.011

19. Hemodynamic changes evaluated by Doppler ultrasonographic technology in the ovaries and uterus of dairy cattle after the puerperium

Author:
Abdelnaby, Elshymaa Ahmed
Source:
Reproductive Biology 2020 v.20 no.2 pp. 202-209
ISSN:
1642-431X
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; arteries; blood flow; calving; color; corpus luteum; estradiol; horns; ovulation; postpartum period; progesterone; ultrasonography; uterus;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The present detailed study aimed to establish for the first time the ovarian and uterine hemodynamic change in dairy cows after the end of the puerperal period to investigate a possible association between Doppler indices and volume of blood flow. Twenty cows weighing 500–600 kg (mean 400 ± 50 kg) and 4–5 years of age (mean 3.2 ± 0.5 years) categorized into two main groups (true anestrum, with cor ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.repbio.2020.03.001

20. Local cooling of the ovary and its implications for heat stress effects on reproduction

Author:
López-Gatius, F.; Hunter, R.H.F.
Source:
Theriogenology 2020 v.149 pp. 98-103
ISSN:
0093-691X
Subject:
dairy cows,   etc   ; cooling; estrus; female fertility; heat stress; lactating females; lactation; milk production; models; ovulation; temperature profiles;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The effects of season on the fertility of the dairy cow added to the metabolic stress of milk production are well known. We here present lactating dairy cows as a comparative model of this problem. This review examines the results of recent studies that have highlighted heat stress (HS) effects on pre-ovulatory follicles. From these studies, we draw information regarding the mechanisms giving rise ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.029