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1. Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Sexual Dimorphism

Author:
Fryxell, David C.; Weiler, Doriane E.; Kinnison, Michael T.; Palkovacs, Eric P.
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2019 v.34 no.7 pp. 591-594
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; ecosystems; environmental impact; sexual selection;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sexual dimorphism is widespread, but we have a limited understanding of its significance for communities and ecosystems. Several new experiments demonstrate that sexual dimorphism can have far-reaching ecological effects. These results suggest that sexual dimorphism and sexual selection are potent, but largely overlooked components of eco-evolutionary dynamics. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2019.04.007

2. Kinorhyncha from the Caribbean, with the description of two new species from Puerto Rico and Barbados

Author:
Cepeda, Diego; Pardos, Fernando; Sánchez, Nuria
Source:
Zoologischer Anzeiger 2019 v.282 pp. 127-139
ISSN:
0044-5231
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; males; new species; Barbados; Caribbean; Puerto Rico;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two new kinorhynch species from Puerto Rico (Greater Antilles) and Barbados (Lesser Antilles) are described herein from Dr R. P. Higgins' unexamined Caribbean meiofaunal samples, which have been stored in the Smithsonian Institution collections. The species from Puerto Rico, Cristaphyes cornifrons sp. nov., belongs to the class Allomalorhagida, whereas the species from Barbados, Echinoderes barbad ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcz.2019.05.014

3. Vocal communication in Microtus (Terricola) schelkovnikovi and M. (T.) daghestanicus in the audible range of frequencies

Author:
Rutovskaya, M. V.
Source:
Journal of ethology 2019 v.37 no.2 pp. 187-195
ISSN:
0289-0771
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; Microtus; biotopes; courtship; evolution; genes; vocalization; voles;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vocal communication in the audible range of sound frequencies in two species of voles from the subgenus Terricola includes two calls: squeak-type vocalizations in the context of discomfort; and courtship vocalization, although the latter is rarely used by the animals. In this study, compared with Schelkovnikov’s pine vole [Microtus (Terricola) schelkovnikovi], squeak-type vocalizations of the Dagh ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10164-019-00587-5

4. First Finding of Altonomus vernalis (Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1957) After Description: A New Record for Turkey (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Curculionidae: Entiminae)

Author:
Gültekin, Neslihan; Borovec, Roman; Gültekin, Levent
Source:
Entomological news 2019 v.128 no.3 pp. 320-323
ISSN:
0013-872X
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; Cirsium arvense; Curculionidae; digital images; fauna;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... This is the first report of a very rare weevil Altonomus vernalis (Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1957) 60 years after its description. It is a new record for the Turkish fauna and Cirsium arvense (L.) is a first plant association record. Comparative sexually dimorphic characters, measurements, and digital photographs are presented for the first time. ...
DOI:
10.3157/021.128.0313

5. Stridulation by cosmetid harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Author:
Victor, R. Townsend; Classen-Rodriguez, Leticia; Maloney, Trevor J.; Moore, Michael K.
Source:
TheJournal of arachnology 2019 v.47 no.1 pp. 132-141
ISSN:
0161-8202
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; Opiliones; adults; appendages; femur; scanning electron microscopy; stridulation;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Stridulatory organs have not been previously investigated for harvestmen in the family Cosmetidae. During a field study, we observed the infrequent production of vibrations by adult Cynorta marginalis Banks, 1909. Using SEM, we examined the surfaces of several appendages for potential stridulatory organs. Our observations indicate that C. marginalis has denticles on the mesal surfaces of the basic ...
DOI:
10.1636/0161-8202-47.1.132

6. Discovery of the Male of the Rare Afrotropical Species Tuberepyris codex Azevedo & Mugrabi (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

Author:
Noort, S. van; Azevedo, C.O.
Source:
African entomology 2019 v.27 no.1 pp. 43-48
ISSN:
1021-3589
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; Bethylidae; females; males; scientific illustration; taxon descriptions; wings;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The male of the rare South African bethylid species, Tuberepyris codex Azevedo & Mugrabi, is discovered, described and illustrated. The conspecific gender association is established based on the high level of morphological congruence between the newly collected male and the known female specimen, facilitated by the unusually low level of sexual dimorphism for this subfamily. Both the male and fema ...
DOI:
10.4001/003.027.0043

7. Sensory Exploitation, Sexual Dimorphism, and Human Voice Pitch

Author:
Feinberg, David R.; Jones, Benedict C.; Armstrong, Marie M.
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2018 v.33 no.12 pp. 901-903
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; byproducts; humans; males;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Selection for low male voice pitch is generally assumed to occur because it is a valid cue of formidability. Here we summarize recent empirical challenges to this hypothesis. We also outline an alternative account in which selection for low male voice pitch is a byproduct of sensory exploitation. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2018.09.007

8. Dynamic inosinome profiles reveal novel patient stratification and gender-specific differences in glioblastoma

Author:
Silvestris, Domenico Alessandro; Picardi, Ernesto; Cesarini, Valeriana; Fosso, Bruno; Mangraviti, Nicolò; Massimi, Luca; Martini, Maurizio; Pesole, Graziano; Locatelli, Franco; Gallo, Angela
Source:
Genome biology 2019 v.20 no.1 pp. 33
ISSN:
1474-760X
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; RNA editing; brain; enzymes; gene therapy; genomics; glioblastoma; loci; males; patients;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is an essential post-transcriptional mechanism mediated by ADAR enzymes that have been recently associated with cancer. RESULTS: Here, we characterize the inosinome signature in normal brain and de novo glioblastoma (GBM) using new metrics that re-stratify GBM patients according to their editing profiles and indicate this post-transcriptional e ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13059-019-1647-x

9. Preference of spectral features in auditory processing for advertisement calls in the music frogs

Author:
Fan, Yanzhu; Yue, Xizi; Yang, Jing; Shen, Jiangyan; Shen, Di; Tang, Yezhong; Fang, Guangzhan
Source:
Frontiers in zoology 2019 v.16 no.1 pp. 13
ISSN:
1742-9994
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; acoustics; brain; females; frogs; males; music; neurophysiology; spectral analysis; vocalization;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Animal vocal signals encode very important information for communication during which the importance of temporal and spectral characteristics of vocalizations is always asymmetrical and species-specific. However, it is still unknown how auditory system represents this asymmetrical and species-specific patterns. In this study, auditory event related potential (ERP) changes were evaluate ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12983-019-0314-0

10. Sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious Salvia pratensis

Author:
Zhang, Bo; Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
Source:
BMC plant biology 2019 v.19 no.1 pp. 375
ISSN:
1471-2229
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; pollination; morphs; corolla; gynodioecy; pollinators; female flowers; Bombus; stigma; Salvia pratensis; hermaphroditism; pollen; females;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Gynodioecy, a sexual system with hermaphrodite and female individuals in a population, raises the question how the two sexual morphs are maintained. Salvia pratensis is a gynodioecious species featured by its modified stamens that act as a lever mechanism in pollination. Given sexual dimorphism in floral traits of the species, it is predictable that two sexual morphs differ in their in ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12870-019-1972-y

11. North American Condyloderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Kentrorhagata): Female dimorphism suggests moulting among adult Condyloderes

Author:
Sørensen, Martin V.; Thistle, David; Landers, Stephen C.
Source:
Zoologischer Anzeiger 2019 v.282 pp. 232-251
ISSN:
0044-5231
Subject:
dimorphism,   etc   ; adults; continental shelf; females; molting; new species; California; Gulf of Mexico;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two new species of Condyloderes are described, C. rohalorum sp. nov. from the deep-sea off California, and Condyloderes flosfimbriatus sp. nov. from the continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Additional species are furthermore reported from the two regions, including Condyloderes kurilensis from the Californian deep-sea, one potentially new species from each of the two regions, and the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcz.2019.05.015

12. Signalling interactions during ontogeny are a cause of social plasticity in Enchenopa treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae)

Author:
Desjonquères, Camille; Speck, Bretta; Rodríguez, Rafael Lucas
Source:
Behavioural processes 2019 v.166 pp. 103887
ISSN:
0376-6357
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; Enchenopa; adults; females; males; mating behavior; nymphs; ontogeny; phenotype; rearing;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... We recently discovered that there is a social ontogeny of signals and preferences in Enchenopa treehoppers. Nymphs signalled throughout their development; some signal features changed gradually and in sexually dimorphic ways throughout ontogeny; and some adult male signal features and female mate preferences differed between individuals reared in isolation or groups. In this paper, we investigate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.beproc.2019.06.010

13. Temporal patterns and sex differences in dyadic interactions in a wild zebrafish population

Author:
Ghoshal, Aditya; Daniel, Danita K.; Bhat, Anuradha
Source:
Behavioural processes 2019 v.166 pp. 103896
ISSN:
0376-6357
Subject:
dimorphism,   etc   ; Danio rerio; aggression; breeding; courtship; ecology; females; fish; gender differences; gravel; males; models; oviposition;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Male-female interactions in several group living organisms, including some fish species tend to be dynamic and play a key role in determining their mating and courtship behavior. Laboratory-bred zebrafish (Danio rerio) strains are one of the most widely used model systems in various fields of biology. While research on wild zebrafish behavior is gaining ground, our knowledge about their mating eco ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103896

14. Volumetric assessment of the dental crown for sex estimation by means of cone-beam computed tomography

Author:
Manhaes-Caldas, Daniele; Lima, Oliveira Matheus; Carlos, Groppo Francisco; Francisco, Haiter-Neto; Oliveira, Matheus Lima
Source:
Forensic science international 2019
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; computed tomography; computer software; dogs; forensic sciences; humans; regression analysis; t-test; teeth;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sex estimation has a vital role in the solution of forensic cases when the identification of a large number of victims is needed. Considering the sexual dimorphism of the human teeth, the objective of this study was to estimate human sex by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based volumetric assessment of the dental crown. A total of 78 CBCT images of the upper central incisors, upper a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109920

15. Three-dimensional shape variation and sexual dimorphism of the face, nose, and mouth of Japanese individuals

Author:
Imaizumi, Kazuhiko; Taniguchi, Kei; Ogawa, Yoshinori; Matsuzaki, Kazutoshi; Maekawa, Hidemasa; Nagata, Takeshi; Mochimaru, Masaaki; Kouchi, Makiko
Source:
Forensic science international 2019
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; adults; face; females; forensic sciences; lips; males; models; nose; police; principal component analysis;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Three-dimensional (3D) shape variations of the face and facial parts in Japanese adults were examined to collect basic data to be used for facial comparison in forensics. In total, 1000 3D facial scans (500 males, 500 females) of Japanese individuals were re-meshed into anatomically homologous shape models and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) after Procrustes superimposition. Facial ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109878

16. Biomechanical study of the thyroid cartilage: aA model of bi-digital strangulation

Author:
Gagnon, C.; Boismery, S.; Godio-Raboutet, Y.; Tuchtan, L.; Bartoli, C.; Adalian, P.; Chaumoitre, K.; Piercecchi-Marti,; Thollon, L.
Source:
Forensic science international 2019
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; biomechanics; bone formation; cartilage; females; larynx; males; mechanical stress; models; neck; violence;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The presence of fracture on neck elements is an indication of violence. Both the hyoid bone and the larynx can be damaged by a strangulation mechanism. Thyroid cartilage, more specifically, may present lesions in response to this mechanical stress. These lesions result in fractures at the bases of the horns of the thyroid cartilage.This study focuses on the thyroid cartilage behavior in cases of b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109891

17. Genetic architecture of novel ornamental traits and the establishment of sexual dimorphism: insights from domestic birds

Author:
Kraaijeveld, Ken
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2019 v.160 no.3 pp. 861-868
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; chickens; genomics; ornamental value; plumage; sexual selection; single nucleotide polymorphism;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The evolution of sexually monomorphic ornamental traits is poorly understood and may require a shift in research focus away from strict sexual selection. To properly understand how selection affects such traits, we need to know to what extent they are constrained by their genetic architecture. Specifically, we need to understand how and in what state (monomorphic or dimorphic) ornamental traits fi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-019-01645-y

18. Gynoecium with carpel dimorphism in Tricomaria usillo, comparison with other genera of the Carolus clade (Malpighiaceae)

Author:
Aliscioni, Sandra Silvina; Gotelli, Marina; Torretta, Juan Pablo
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1133-1144
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
dimorphism,   etc   ; Centris; Malpighiaceae; carpels; flowers; fruits; insects; ovules; pollination; pollinators; scanning electron microscopy; stigma;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... We analyzed the gynoecium morphology and anatomy of Tricomaria usillo in young and mature flowers from diverse populations in order to analyze the differentiation of structure and function of the parts of the carpel. We also aimed to find the potential pollinators and associate the morphology of the gynoecium with its role. We compare the characteristics of the gynoecium of T. usillo and discuss t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01373-3

19. New species of the cave-dwelling genus Huasteca (Opiliones: Stygnopsidae: Karosinae), from Northern Oaxaca, Mexico, with a SEM survey of the sexually dimorphic areas on legs and structures related to chelicerae in the genus

Author:
Cruz-López, Jesús A.; Francke, Oscar F.
Source:
Journal of natural history 2019 v.53 no.23-24 pp. 1451-1464
ISSN:
1464-5262
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; Opiliones; legs; male genitalia; males; new species; scanning electron microscopy; surveys; taxonomic keys; Mexico;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The new species Huasteca kardia sp. nov. is described from material collected in the Huautla cave system, Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on recent literature on morphology and male genitalia, the diagnosis of the genus is amended and an identification key of the species of the genus is provided. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), all Huasteca species were reviewed in detail for the following: descri ...
DOI:
10.1080/00222933.2019.1657194

20. Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China

Author:
Li, Juan; Yi, Tian-Ci; Guo, Jian-Jun; Jin, Dao-Chao
Source:
Systematic and applied acarology 2019 v.24 no.6 pp. 1071-1106
ISSN:
1362-1971
Subject:
sexual dimorphism,   etc   ; Oligonychus; adults; aedeagus; females; holotypes; males; nymphs; photographs; redescriptions; China;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two species of Oligonychus are redescribed: O. baipisongisMa & Yuan, 1976 and O. chamaecyparisaeMa & Yuan, 1976. Moreover, O. hainanensisMa, Yuan & Lin, 1979 is here recognized as a junior synonym of O. biharensis (Hirst, 1924), which is also redescribed here based on adult females, males and deutonymphs. The redescription of O. baipisongis is based on holotype and paratypes, the types of O. chama ...
DOI:
10.11158/saa.24.6.10