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1. Deciphering the principles of the RNA editing code via large-scale systematic probing

Author:
Uzonyi, Anna; Nir, Ronit; Shliefer, Ofir; Stern-Ginossar, Noam; Antebi, Yaron; Stelzer, Yonatan; Levanon, Erez Y.; Schwartz, Schraga
Source:
Molecular cell 2021 v.81 no.11 pp. 2374-2387.e3
ISSN:
1097-2765
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; models; periodicity; therapeutics;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Adenosine-to-inosine editing is catalyzed by ADAR1 at thousands of sites transcriptome-wide. Despite intense interest in ADAR1 from physiological, bioengineering, and therapeutic perspectives, the rules of ADAR1 substrate selection are poorly understood. Here, we used large-scale systematic probing of ∼2,000 synthetic constructs to explore the structure and sequence context determining editability ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.024

2. RNA Helicase A Regulates the Replication of RNA Viruses

Author:
Shi, Rui-Zhu; Pan, Yuan-Qing; Xing, Li
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; RNA helicases; virus replication;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The RNA helicase A (RHA) is a member of DExH-box helicases and characterized by two double-stranded RNA binding domains at the N-terminus. RHA unwinds double-stranded RNA in vitro and is involved in RNA metabolisms in the cell. RHA is also hijacked by a variety of RNA viruses to facilitate virus replication. Herein, this review will provide an overview of the role of RHA in the replication of RNA ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030361

3. Strategies for enhancing the efficiency of RNA interference in insects

Author:
Silver, Kristopher; Cooper, Anastasia MW; Zhu, Kun Yan
Source:
Pest management science 2021 v.77 no.6 pp. 2645-2658
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; RNA interference; genes; ingestion; insect control; peptides;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Low RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency in many insect pests has significantly prevented its widespread application for insect pest management. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research in developing various strategies for enhancing RNAi efficiency. Our review focuses on the strategies in target gene selection and double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery technologies. For target g ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.6277

4. Induction of Promoter DNA Methylation Upon High-Pressure Spraying of Double-Stranded RNA in Plants

Author:
Dalakouras, Athanasios; Ganopoulos, Ioannis
Source:
Agronomy 2021 v.11 no.4
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; DNA methylation; RNA interference; agronomy; epigenetics;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Exogenous application of RNA molecules is a potent method to trigger RNA interference (RNAi) in plants in a transgene-free manner. So far, all exogenous RNAi (exo-RNAi) applications have aimed to trigger mRNA degradation of a given target. However, the issue of concomitant epigenetic changes was never addressed. Here, we report for the first time that high-pressure spraying of dsRNAs can trigger d ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy11040789

5. Structure Unveils Relationships between RNA Virus Polymerases

Author:
Mönttinen, Heli A. M.; Ravantti, Janne J.; Poranen, Minna M.
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.2
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; RNA primers; automation; phylogeny; sequence homology; topology;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... RNA viruses are the fastest evolving known biological entities. Consequently, the sequence similarity between homologous viral proteins disappears quickly, limiting the usability of traditional sequence-based phylogenetic methods in the reconstruction of relationships and evolutionary history among RNA viruses. Protein structures, however, typically evolve more slowly than sequences, and structura ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13020313

6. Aedes aegypti Toll pathway is induced through dsRNA sensing in endosomes

Author:
Angleró-Rodríguez, Yesseinia I.; Tikhe, Chinmay V.; Kang, Seokyoung; Dimopoulos, George
Source:
Developmental and comparative immunology 2021 v.122 pp. 104138
ISSN:
0145-305X
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; Aedes aegypti; arboviruses; dengue; endosomes; polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid; signal transduction; transcriptomics;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mosquito anti-pathogen immune responses, including those controlling infection with arboviruses are regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways. While the Toll pathway is critical in the defense against arboviruses such as dengue and Zika viruses, the factors and mechanisms involved in virus recognition leading to the activation of the Toll pathway are not fully understood. In this study we ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dci.2021.104138

7. Duplex Structure of Double-Stranded RNA Provides Stability against Hydrolysis Relative to Single-Stranded RNA

Author:
Zhang, Ke; Hodge, Joseph; Chatterjee, Anamika; Moon, Tae Seok; Parker, Kimberly M.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2021 v.55 no.12 pp. 8045-8053
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; RNA interference; alkaline hydrolysis; environmental science; evolution; pH; prebiotics; technology;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Phosphodiester bonds in the backbones of double-stranded (ds)RNA and single-stranded (ss)RNA are known to undergo alkaline hydrolysis. Consequently, dsRNA agents used in emerging RNA interference (RNAi) products have been assumed to exhibit low chemical persistence in solutions. However, the impact of the duplex structure of dsRNA on alkaline hydrolysis has not yet been evaluated. In this study, w ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.1c01255

8. Current scenario of RNAi‐based hemipteran control

Author:
Jain, Ritesh G; Robinson, Karl E; Asgari, Sassan; Mitter, Neena
Source:
Pest management science 2021 v.77 no.5 pp. 2188-2196
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; ; Hemiptera; RNA interference; computer simulation; genes; insecticide resistance; toxicity; virus transmission;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... RNA interference (RNAi) is an homology‐dependent gene silencing mechanism that is a feasible and sustainable avenue for the management of hemipteran pests. Commercial implementation of RNAi‐based control strategies is impeded by limited knowledge about the mechanism of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) uptake, the function of core RNAi genes and systemic RNAi mechanisms in hemipteran insects. This revie ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.6153

9. Insecticidal RNA interference, thinking beyond long dsRNA

Author:
Flynt, Alex S
Source:
Pest management science 2021 v.77 no.5 pp. 2179-2187
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; RNA interference; biopesticides; gene expression; genes; insects; pest control;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Over 20 years ago double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) was described as the trigger of RNAi interference (RNAi)‐based gene silencing. This paradigm has held since, especially for insect biopesticide technologies where dsRNAs, similar to those described in 1998, are used to inhibit gene expression. In the intervening years, investigation of RNAi pathways has revealed the small RNA effectors of RNAi are dive ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.6147

10. CRISPR-Induced Expression of N-Terminally Truncated Dicer in Mouse Cells

Author:
Malik, Radek; Svoboda, Petr
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.4
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; RNA interference; epigenetics; genes; mice; oocytes; retrotransposons; ribonucleases;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... RNA interference (RNAi) designates sequence-specific mRNA degradation mediated by small RNAs generated from long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by RNase III Dicer. RNAi appears inactive in mammalian cells except for mouse oocytes, where high RNAi activity exists because of an N-terminally truncated Dicer isoform, denoted Dicerᴼ. Dicerᴼ processes dsRNA into small RNAs more efficiently than the full-le ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12040540

11. Rotavirus reverse genetics systems: Development and application

Author:
Kanai, Yuta; Kobayashi, Takeshi
Source:
Virus research 2021 v.295 pp. 198296
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; Rotavirus; gastroenteritis; genome; live vaccines; research; reverse genetics; virion; viruses;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rotaviruses (RVs) cause acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Since 2006, live-attenuated vaccines have reduced the number of RV-associated deaths; however, RV is still responsible for an estimated 228,047 annual deaths worldwide. RV, a member of the family Reoviridae, has an 11-segmented double-stranded RNA genome contained within a non-enveloped, triple layered virus particle. In ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198296

12. A unified genotypic classification of infectious bursal disease virus based on both genome segments

Author:
Islam, Mohammad Rafiqul; Nooruzzaman, Mohammed; Rahman, Tazinur; Mumu, Tanjin Tamanna; Rahman, Mohammad Mijanur; Chowdhury, Emdadul Haque; Eterradossi, Nicolas; Müller, Hermann
Source:
Avian pathology 2021 v.50 no.2 pp. 190-206
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; Infectious bursal disease virus; genome; phylogeny; serotypes; virulence;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of chickens is a birnavirus with a bi-segmented double-stranded RNA genome, the segments designated as A and B. We performed phylogenetic analysis using a 366-bp fragment of segment A (nt 785–1150) and a 508-bp fragment of segment B (nt 328–835) of IBDV. A total of 463 segment A and 434 segment B sequences from GenBank, including the sequences of eight recent ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2021.1873245

13. A sequence complementarity-based approach for evaluating off-target transcript knockdown in Bombus terrestris, following ingestion of pest-specific dsRNA

Author:
Taning, Clauvis Nji Tizi; Gui, Shunhua; De Schutter, Kristof; Jahani, Mona; Castellanos, Nathaly Lara; Christiaens, Olivier; Smagghe, Guy
Source:
Journal of pest science 2021 v.94 no.2 pp. 487-503
ISSN:
1612-4758
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; ; Bombus terrestris; Brassicogethes aeneus; genes; ingestion; oral exposure; pest control; risk; vitellogenin;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) designed to target genes in a sequence-specific manner can be valuable in pest control. However, in scenarios where a nontarget could be susceptible and is predicted to be exposed to insecticidal dsRNA in the environment, it is useful to understand possible gene silencing effects in the nontarget. In this study, a sequence complementarity-based approach was used to eval ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10340-020-01273-z

14. A truncated intracellular Dicer-like molecule involves in antiviral immune recognition of oyster Crassostrea gigas

Author:
Lv, Xiaojing; Wang, Weilin; Zhao, Qi; Qiao, Xue; Wang, Liyan; Yan, Yunchen; Han, Shuo; Liu, Zhaoqun; Wang, Lingling; Song, Linsheng
Source:
Developmental and comparative immunology 2021 v.116 pp. 103931
ISSN:
0145-305X
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; Crassostrea gigas; cytoplasm; genes; hemocytes; immunity; oysters; polypeptides; ribonucleases; viruses;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The enzyme Dicer is best known for its role as an endoribonuclease in the small RNA pathway, playing a crucial role in recognizing viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and inducing down-stream cascades to mediate anti-virus immunity. In the present study, a truncated Dicer-like gene was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas, and its open reading frame (ORF) encoded a polypeptide (designed as CgDCL ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dci.2020.103931

15. ABCE1 Regulates RNase L-Induced Autophagy during Viral Infections

Author:
Ramnani, Barkha; Manivannan, Praveen; Jaggernauth, Sarah; Malathi, Krishnamurthy
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.2
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; ; antiviral properties; apoptosis; autophagy; caspase-3; cell proliferation; interferons; ribonucleases; virus replication;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Host response to a viral infection includes the production of type I interferon (IFN) and the induction of interferon-stimulated genes that have broad antiviral effects. One of the key antiviral effectors is the IFN-inducible oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L (OAS/RNase L) pathway, which is activated by double-stranded RNA to synthesize unique oligoadenylates, 2-5A, to activate RNase L. RNa ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13020315

16. Western Corn Rootworm, Plant and Microbe Interactions: A Review and Prospects for New Management Tools

Author:
Paddock, Kyle J.; Robert, Christelle A. M.; Erb, Matthias; Hibbard, Bruce E.
Source:
Insects 2021 v.12 no.2
ISSN:
2075-4450
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; RNA interference; biological control; crop rotation; herbivores;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is resistant to four separate classes of traditional insecticides, all Bacillius thuringiensis (Bt) toxins currently registered for commercial use, crop rotation, innate plant resistance factors, and even double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting essential genes via environmental RNA interference (RNAi), which has not been sold commerc ...
DOI:
10.3390/insects12020171

17. Comparison of strategies for enhancing RNA interference efficiency in Ostrinia nubilalis

Author:
Cooper, Anastasia MW; Song, Huifang; Yu, Zhitao; Biondi, Marie; Bai, Jun; Shi, Xuekai; Ren, Zhaoyang; Weerasekara, Sahani M; Hua, Duy H; Silver, Kristopher; Zhang, Jianzhen; Zhu, Kun Yan
Source:
Pest management science 2021 v.77 no.2 pp. 635-645
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; ; Ostrinia nubilalis; RNA interference; culture media; genes; hemolymph; insect control; tissue culture; transfection;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Targeting insect‐specific genes through post‐transcriptional gene silencing with RNA interference (RNAi) is a new strategy for insect pest management. However, lepidopterans are recalcitrant to RNAi, which prevents application of novel RNAi technology to many notorious pests, including Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB). Strategies for enhancing RNAi efficiency, including large doses of double‐s ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.6114

18. Nanoparticle‐mediated double‐stranded RNA delivery system: A promising approach for sustainable pest management

Author:
Yan, Shuo; Ren, Bin‐Yuan; Shen, Jie
Source:
Insect science 2021 v.28 no.1 pp. 21-34
ISSN:
1672-9609
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; RNA interference; chitosan; dendrimers; insects; lethal genes; nanoparticles; pesticides; plant protection;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... RNA interference (RNAi) targeting lethal genes in insects has great potential for sustainable crop protection. Compared with traditional double‐stranded (ds)RNA delivery systems, nanoparticles such as chitosan, liposomes, and cationic dendrimers offer advantages in delivering dsRNA/small interfering (si)RNA to improve RNAi efficiency, thus promoting the development and practice of RNAi‐based pest ...
DOI:
10.1111/1744-7917.12822

19. Spliceosome-targeted therapies trigger an antiviral immune response in triple-negative breast cancer

Author:
Bowling, Elizabeth A.; Wang, Jarey H.; Gong, Fade; Wu, William; Neill, Nicholas J.; Kim, Ik Sun; Tyagi, Siddhartha; Orellana, Mayra; Kurley, Sarah J.; Dominguez-Vidaña, Rocio; Chung, Hsiang-Ching; Hsu, Tiffany Y.-T.; Dubrulle, Julien; Saltzman, Alexander B.; Li, Heyuan; Meena, Jitendra K.; Canlas, Gino M.; Chamakuri, Srinivas; Singh, Swarnima; Simon, Lukas M.; Olson, Calla M.; Dobrolecki, Lacey E.; Lewis, Michael T.; Zhang, Bing; Golding, Ido; Rosen, Jeffrey M.; Young, Damian W.; Malovannaya, Anna; Stossi, Fabio; Miles, George; Ellis, Matthew J.; Yu, Lihua; Buonamici, Silvia; Lin, Charles Y.; Karlin, Kristen L.; Zhang, Xiang H.-F.; Westbrook, Thomas F.
Source:
Cell 2021 v.184 no.2 pp. 384-403.e21
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; apoptosis; breast neoplasms; breasts; cold; humans; hypersensitivity; immune response; neoplasm cells;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many oncogenic insults deregulate RNA splicing, often leading to hypersensitivity of tumors to spliceosome-targeted therapies (STTs). However, the mechanisms by which STTs selectively kill cancers remain largely unknown. Herein, we discover that mis-spliced RNA itself is a molecular trigger for tumor killing through viral mimicry. In MYC-driven triple-negative breast cancer, STTs cause widespread ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.031

20. High throughput sequencing from Angolan citrus accessions discloses the presence of emerging CTV strains

Author:
Pais da Cunha, Aderito Tomàs; Chiumenti, Michela; Ladeira, Laurindo Chambula; Abou Kubaa, Raied; Loconsole, Giuliana; Pantaleo, Vitantonio; Minafra, Angelantonio
Source:
Virology journal 2021 v.18 no.1 pp. 62
ISSN:
1743-422X
Subject:
double-stranded RNA,   etc   ; Citrus; Citrus tristeza virus; certification; coat proteins; genetic markers; industry; phylogeny; surveys; virology; viruses; Angola; California; Uruguay;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Citrus industry is worldwide dramatically affected by outbreaks of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Controls should be applied to nurseries, which could act as diversity hotspots for CTV. Early detection and characterization of dangerous or emerging strains of this virus greatly help to prevent outbreaks of disease. This is particularly relevant in those growing regions where no dedicated ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12985-021-01535-x