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1. The Ecology of Nonecological Speciation and Nonadaptive Radiations

Author:
Czekanski-Moir, Jesse E.; Rundell, Rebecca J.
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2019 v.34 no.5 pp. 400-415
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; evolutionary radiation; landscapes;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Growing evidence for lineage diversification that occurs without strong ecological divergence (i.e., nonadaptive radiation) challenges assumptions about the buildup and maintenance of species in evolutionary radiations, particularly when ecologically similar and thus potentially competing species co-occur. Understanding nonadaptive radiations involves identifying conditions conducive to both the n ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.012

2. The Latitudinal Diversity Gradient: Novel Understanding through Mechanistic Eco-evolutionary Models

Author:
Pontarp, Mikael; Bunnefeld, Lynsey; Cabral, Juliano Sarmento; Etienne, Rampal S.; Fritz, Susanne A.; Gillespie, Rosemary; Graham, Catherine H.; Hagen, Oskar; Hartig, Florian; Huang, Shan; Jansson, Roland; Maliet, Odile; Münkemüller, Tamara; Pellissier, Loïc; Rangel, Thiago F.; Storch, David; Wiegand, Thorsten; Hurlbert, Allen H.
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2019 v.34 no.3 pp. 211-223
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; models; phylogeny;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most widely studied patterns in ecology, yet no consensus has been reached about its underlying causes. We argue that the reasons for this are the verbal nature of existing hypotheses, the failure to mechanistically link interacting ecological and evolutionary processes to the LDG, and the fact that empirical patterns are often consistent with ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2018.11.009

3. Experimental Evolution of Innovation and Novelty

Author:
Kassen, Rees
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2019
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; directed evolution; models;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... How does novelty, a new, genetically based function, evolve? A compelling answer has been elusive because there are few model systems where both the genetic mechanisms generating novel functions and the ecological conditions that govern their origin and spread can be studied in detail. This review article considers what we have learned about the evolution of novelty from microbial selection experi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2019.03.008

4. A statistical physics view of swarming bacteria

Author:
Be’er, Avraham; Ariel, Gil
Source:
Movement ecology 2019 v.7 no.1 pp. 9
ISSN:
2051-3933
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; bacteria; physical properties; swarming;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bacterial swarming is a collective mode of motion in which cells migrate rapidly over surfaces, forming dynamic patterns of whirls and jets. This review presents a physical point of view of swarming bacteria, with an emphasis on the statistical properties of the swarm dynamics as observed in experiments. The basic physical principles underlying the swarm and their relation to contemporary theories ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40462-019-0153-9

5. Mind the mind: How to effectively communicate about cognition in social–ecological systems research

Author:
Bercht, Anna Lena; Wijermans, Nanda
Source:
Ambio 2019 v.48 no.6 pp. 590-604
ISSN:
0044-7447
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; cognition; human behavior; society;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Social–ecological systems (SES) research underlines the tremendous impact of human behaviour on planet Earth. To enable a sustainable course of humanity, the integration of human cognition in SES research is crucial for better understanding the processes leading to and involved in human behaviour. However, this integration is proving a challenge, not only in terms of diverging ontological and epis ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13280-018-1099-7

6. Uniting Discoveries of Abundance-Size Distributions from Soils and Seas

Author:
Polishchuk, Leonard V.; Blanchard, Julia L.
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2019 v.34 no.1 pp. 2-5
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; bacteria; earthworms; soil; whales;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Science is a search for patterns but there are few cross-habitat patterns in ecology. We propose key questions following the findings of consistent scaling of abundance versus body mass from bacteria to earthworms and whales, based on an almost forgotten study of soils and a well-known one from the open ocean. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2018.10.007

7. Circular statistics meets practical limitations: a simulation-based Rao’s spacing test for non-continuous data

Author:
Landler, Lukas; Ruxton, Graeme D.; Malkemper, E. Pascal
Source:
Movement ecology 2019 v.7 no.1 pp. 15
ISSN:
2051-3933
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; data collection; measuring devices; statistics;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: For data collected on a circular rather than linear scale, a very common procedure is to test whether the underlying distribution appears to deviate from circular uniformity. Rao’s spacing test is often used to evaluate the support the data offers for the null hypothesis of uniformity. Here we demonstrate that the traditional version of this test fails to adequately control type I erro ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40462-019-0160-x

8. Degrowth within – Aligning circular economy and strong sustainability narratives

Author:
Schröder, Patrick; Bengtsson, Magnus; Cohen, Maurie; Dewick, Paul; Hoffstetter, Joerg; Sarkis, Joseph
Source:
Resources, conservation, and recycling 2019 v.146 pp. 190-191
ISSN:
0921-3449
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; circular economy; economic sustainability; society;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... This perspective calls for building greater understanding of overlapping and conflicting considerations between the sustainability principles that inform current conceptions of circular economy and degrowth. We contend that scholars and practitioners need to be pragmatic and to recognize evident ideological differences, but simultaneously to acknowledge beneficial similarities and complements. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.038

9. Evaluation of the ecological civilization index of China based on the double benchmark progressive method

Author:
Zhang, Linbo; Yang, Jiao; Li, Daiqing; Liu, Haijiang; Xie, Yuxi; Song, Ting; Luo, Shanghua
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2019 v.222 pp. 511-519
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; cities; issues and policy; China;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Since 2013, the Chinese government has issued a set of action plans catered toward the ecological civilization construction. To quantify and evaluate the ecological civilization development, this study has introduced the ecological civilization index of China (ECI), using different standardization methods (extreme standardization, single-benchmark progressive standardization, and double benchmark ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.173

10. Emergent structure in a stochastic model of ecological evolution

Author:
Roach, Ty N.F.; Nulton, James; Sibani, Paolo; Rohwer, Forest; Salamon, Peter
Source:
Ecological modelling 2019 v.401 pp. 129-133
ISSN:
0304-3800
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; entropy; mathematical models; mutation; stochastic processes;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory has much to offer in explaining ecological and evolutionary processes. Formalizing biological processes in terms of thermodynamic parameters reveals that the generation of natural organization and complexity is an emergent property of entropy in systems maintained far from equilibrium. Understanding the interplay between thermodynamics, ecology and evolution pro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.03.004

11. Over-spilling institutions: The political ecology of ‘greening’ the small-scale gold mining sector in Guyana

Author:
Hook, Andrew
Source:
Land use policy 2019 v.85 pp. 438-453
ISSN:
0264-8377
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; gold; landscapes; mining; politics; Guyana;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... This article applies a political ecology framework to examine the challenges of ‘greening’ Guyana’s relatively established small-scale gold mining sector. Based on a year of fieldwork conducted in Guyana’s gold mining landscape, the article highlights a range of ways in which the supposed stability and transparency of Guyana’s institutional mining framework is undermined by the dynamic and discret ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.049

12. Asian green building rating tools: A comparative study on scoring methods of quantitative evaluation systems

Author:
Zhang, Xiang; Zhan, Changhong; Wang, Xuesong; Li, Guanghao
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2019 v.218 pp. 880-895
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; energy conservation; quantitative analysis; waste reduction;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The mature stage of development of Green Building Rating Tools (GBRTs) is one of the factors that critically affect the development of green-building practices. A GBRT generally comprises an indicator system (IS) and a quantitative evaluation system (QES); for a given QES, the core component is the scoring method of terminal indicators (SMTIs). Given the predominant focus on the IS in the literatu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.192

13. The usefulness of ecological concepts: patterns among practitioners

Author:
Reiners, Derek S.; Reiners, William A.; Lockwood, Jeffrey A.; Prager, Steven D.
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.4 pp. e02652
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; educational status; employment; females; males; surveys;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... A survey was distributed to members of the Ecological Society of America in 2014, which asked respondents to rate the usefulness of 131 of the most common, current ecological concepts. As part of the survey, key demographic and professional information was requested from respondents, including age, gender, education level, sector of employment, and primary area (i.e., domain) of interest in ecolog ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2652

14. The genus Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. (Hyacinthaceae: Scilloideae) in the Core Cape Floristic Region

Author:
Manning, J.C.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.121 pp. 329-354
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; Daubenya; taxonomic keys; South Africa;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... A taxonomic account is presented for the species of Massonia recorded from the core Cape Floristic Region. A total of 15 species are recognised, 13 endemic to the region, distributed between sect. Whiteheadia and sect. Massonia. Several species are local endemics known from a single locality or restricted area, although M. bifolia and M. depressa are widely distributed through much of the Greater ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.015

15. Spatiotemporal analysis of ecological vulnerability and management in the Tarim River Basin, China

Author:
Xue, Lianqing; Wang, Jing; Zhang, Luochen; Wei, Guanghui; Zhu, Boli
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.649 pp. 876-888
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; anthropogenic activities; climate; humans; watersheds; China;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Tarim River Basin (TRB) is an extremely arid area in China, suffering from dry climate and intense human activities, which have brought about significant changes in ecological processes and then, led to serious ecological vulnerability (EV). This study proposes an assessment framework to evaluate EV and analyze its dynamic change in the TRB during 2005–2015. An integrated method is developed w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.321

16. Early Career Researchers Embrace Data Sharing

Author:
Campbell, Hamish A.; Micheli-Campbell, Mariana A.; Udyawer, Vinay
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2019 v.34 no.2 pp. 95-98
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; animals; biotelemetry; information exchange; researchers;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... A request for raw data from the corresponding authors of 771 animal biotelemetry-focused manuscripts, published between 1995 and 2015, highlighted a difference in data sharing practices across researcher career levels. Responses were positive in only 11% of requests made to corresponding authors (CAs) that were senior researchers, while 72% of responses were positive when CAs were early career res ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2018.11.010

17. The effect of network size and sampling completeness in depauperate networks

Author:
Henriksen, Marie V.; Chapple, David G.; Chown, Steven L.; McGeoch, Melodie A.
Source:
The journal of animal ecology 2019 v.88 no.2 pp. 211-222
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
animal ecology,   etc   ; host-parasite relationships; models; sampling;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The accurate estimation of interaction network structure is essential for understanding network stability and function. A growing number of studies evaluate under‐sampling as the degree of sampling completeness (proportional richness observed). How the relationship between network structural metrics and sampling completeness varies across networks of different sizes remains unclear, but this relat ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12912

18. Evaluating the popularity of R in ecology

Author:
Lai, Jiangshan; Lortie, Christopher J.; Muenchen, Robert A.; Yang, Jian; Ma, Keping
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.1 pp. e02567
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; Pongidae; computer software; vegan diet;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The programming language R is widely used in many fields. We explored the extent of reported R use in the field of ecology using the Web of Science and text mining. We analyzed the frequencies of R packages reported in more than 60,000 peer‐reviewed articles published in 30 ecology journals during a 10‐yr period ending in 2017. The number of studies reported using R as their primary tool in data a ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2567

19. Patchiness in habitat distribution can enhance biological diversity of coastal engineering structures

Author:
Cacabelos, Eva; Thompson, Richard C.; Prestes, Afonso C.L.; Azevedo, José Manuel N.; Neto, Ana I.; Martins, Gustavo M.
Source:
Aquatic conservation 2019 v.29 no.1 pp. 127-135
ISSN:
1052-7613
Subject:
applied ecology,   etc   ; Gastropoda; biodiversity; engineering; microhabitats; urbanization;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Urbanization of coastal habitats is increasing worldwide. However, most man‐made structures are poor surrogates for the habitats they replace and can strongly impact the diversity and functioning of coastal habitats. The value of coastal engineering can be enhanced by the provision of microhabitats that facilitate colonization by marine life. One step forward is moved in this research by combining ...
DOI:
10.1002/aqc.2972

20. Where Newton might have taken ecology

Author:
Currie, David J.
Source:
Global ecology and biogeography 2019 v.28 no.1 pp. 18-27
ISSN:
1466-822X
Subject:
ecology,   etc   ; experts; genetics; mechanics; models; variance;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... A DILEMMA IN ECOLOGY: Ecologists aspire to build a discipline to both understand the natural world and to provide society with tools to make responsible decisions about the environment. For both of these purposes, most sciences have, at their core, a set of empirical generalizations that predict the behaviour of important properties of nature (e.g., Newton’s laws of mechanics, Mendeleev’s periodic ...
DOI:
10.1111/geb.12842