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1. Genetic Influence in Exercise Performance

Author:
Juan Del Coso; Alejandro Lucia
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; athletic performance; risk;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Numerous studies in the last two decades have analyzed the association between genetic variants and athletic performance, or other related traits (e.g., responses and adaptations to different exercise modalities or risk of sports injuries) [...] ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12050651

2. Examining the impact of weight bias on the association between exercise identity and maladaptive exercise behaviors

Author:
Madeline Palermo; Cody Staples; Diana Rancourt
Source:
Eating behaviors 2021 v.41 pp. 101503
ISSN:
1471-0153
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; age; bias; body mass index; data collection; females; health promotion; inventories; people; risk; weight;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Though exercise behaviors are typically viewed as health-promoting, certain forms of exercise (i.e., excessive exercise, unhealthy muscle-building behaviors) are considered maladaptive and are associated with negative physical and psychological outcomes. Psychosocial factors may put people at greater risk for engaging in maladaptive exercise. Based on deviance regulation theory, weight bias ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101503

3. Taurine in sports and exercise

Author:
Jennifer A. Kurtz; Trisha A. VanDusseldorp; J. Andrew Doyle; Jeffrey S. Otis
Source:
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2021 v.18 no.1 pp. 39
ISSN:
1550-2783
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; animals; creatine kinase; ergogenic aids; glycolysis; ingestion; ingredients; lactic acid; lipid metabolism; metabolites; muscles; phosphates; phosphorus; taurine;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... (PubMed) searches were conducted through September 2020. Peer-reviewed studies that investigated taurine as a single ingredient at dosages of < 1 g - 6 g, ranging from 10 to 15 min-to-2 h prior to exercise bout or chronic dose (7 days- 8 weeks) of consumption were included. Articles were excluded if taurine was not the primary or only ingredient in a supplement or food source, not published in peer ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0

4. Energy Drink before Exercise Did Not Affect Autonomic Recovery Following Moderate Aerobic Exercise: A Crossover, Randomized and Controlled Trial

Author:
Andrey Alves Porto; Vitor E. Valenti; Joice Anaize Tonon do Amaral; Cicero Jonas R. Benjamim; David M. Garner; Celso Ferreira
Source:
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2021 v.40 no.3 pp. 280-286
ISSN:
1541-1087
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; athletic performance; energy drinks; exercise test; geometry; heart rate; nutrition; oxygen consumption; peak oxygen uptake; placebos;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Introduction: Energy drink (ED) intake could initiate physiological changes owing to its stimulant characteristics and, it improves endurance and athletic performance. We evaluated the acute effects of ED on autonomic heart rate (HR) control during recovery after a session of submaximal aerobic exercise. Method: The study was completed by submitting 29 healthy males between 18 and 30 years old ...
DOI:
10.1080/07315724.2020.1768175

5. Autonomous climbing: An effective exercise mode with beneficial outcomes of aerobic exercise and resistance training

Author:
Fei Shen; Yu Zhao; Wubin Ding; Kailin Liu; Xiangyu Ren; Qiang Zhang; Jian Yu; Yepeng Hu; Hui Zuo; Mingwei Guo; Ling Jin; Mingkai Gong; Wenhao Wu; Xuejiang Gu; Lingyan Xu; Fenglei Yang; Jian Lu
Source:
Life sciences 2021 v.265 pp. 118786
ISSN:
0024-3205
Subject:
Western blotting; amino acid metabolism; arginine; blood serum; body weight; energy; fatty acids; galactose; glucose; histochemistry; homeostasis; hypertrophy; landscapes; males; metabolomics; mitochondria; muscle development; muscles; oxidation; pentose phosphate cycle; proline; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; tyrosine; weight control
Abstract:
... To assess the effects of three specific exercise training modes, aerobic exercise (A), resistance training (R) and autonomous climbing (AC), aimed at proposing a cross-training method, on improving the physical, molecular and metabolic characteristics of mice without many side effects.Seven-week-old male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), aerobic exercise (A), resistance ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118786

6. Metabolomics in equine sport and exercise

Author:
Dylan J. Klein; Tracy G. Anthony; Kenneth H. McKeever
Source:
Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 2021 v.105 no.1 pp. 140-148
ISSN:
0931-2439
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; animal nutrition; horses; humans; longevity; metabolites; metabolome; metabolomics; molecular weight; phenotype; proteomics; skeletal muscle; sports; transcriptomics;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... and exercise has been gaining over the past decade and has provided important insights into the energetic demands and mechanistic underpinnings of exercise and training. To the contrary, metabolomics in the field of equine exercise physiology is lagging despite the horse's superior aerobic and muscular capabilities, as well as its prominence in competitive sport. As such, this narrative review aims ...
DOI:
10.1111/jpn.13384

7. Exercise duration and cohort affect variability and longevity of the response to exercise training in California Yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis)

Author:
Laura N. Frank; Kevin Stuart; Zachary Skelton; Mark Drawbridge; John R. Hyde; Mary Sue Lowery; Nicholas C. Wegner
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.540 pp. 736684
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; Seriola lalandi; aquaculture; feed conversion; hypertrophy; juveniles; longevity; metabolism; muscle fibers; muscles;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Five cohorts of cultured California Yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis) were used in exercise training experiments to assess the duration of exercise necessary to induce a positive growth and fitness response, quantify the variability and replicability of this response between cohorts, and track the longevity (persistence) of exercise-induced benefits following removal from the exercise stimulus ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736684

8. ROS and metabolomics-mediated autophagy in rat's testicular tissue alter after exercise training; Evidence for exercise intensity and outcomes

Author:
Samaneh Akbar Gharehbagh; Javad Tolouei Azar; Mazdak Razi
Source:
Life sciences 2021 v.277 pp. 119585
ISSN:
0024-3205
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; antioxidant activity; antioxidant biomarkers; antioxidants; autophagy; carbohydrates; droplets; genes; glutathione; homeostasis; lactate dehydrogenase; lactic acid; lipids; oxidants; rats; spermatozoa; spermiogenesis; testes;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Oxidative damage and altered metabolic reactions are suspected to initiate the autophagy. The exercise training significantly impacts testicular antioxidant and metabolic potentials. However, the underlying mechanism(s) that the exercise-induced alterations can affect the autophagy markers remained unknown. This study explored the effect of exercise training on antioxidant and metabolic statuses ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119585

9. Grape polyphenols supplementation for exercise-induced oxidative stress

Author:
Edurne Elejalde; Mari Carmen Villarán; Rosa María Alonso
Source:
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2021 v.18 no.1 pp. 3
ISSN:
1550-2783
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; grapes; oxidative stress; polyphenols; sports;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Exercise induces free radicals’ overproduction and therefore, an enhancement of oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the intrinsic antioxidant defense. Redox activity of reactive species plays an important and a positive role on exercise adaptation, but these species at very high concentrations have detrimental effects. As a result, the use ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12970-020-00395-0

10. Extent and prevalence of post-exercise and nocturnal hypoglycemia following peri-exercise bolus insulin adjustments in individuals with type 1 diabetes

Author:
Olivia McCarthy; Rachel Deere; Rachel Churm; Gareth J. Dunseath; Charlotte Jones; Max L. Eckstein; David M. Williams; Jennifer Hayes; Jason Pitt; Stephen C. Bain; Othmar Moser; Richard M. Bracken
Source:
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases 2021 v.31 no.1 pp. 227-236
ISSN:
0939-4753
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; blood glucose; cardiovascular diseases; cross-over studies; depth; dosage; glucose; hypoglycemia; insulin; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; metabolism; nutrition; occurrence; people; prevalence; risk;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... To detail the extent and prevalence of post-exercise and nocturnal hypoglycemia following peri-exercise bolus insulin dose adjustments in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using multiple daily injections of insulins aspart (IAsp) and degludec (IDeg).Sixteen individuals with T1D, completed a single-centred, randomised, four-period crossover trial consisting of 23-h inpatient phases ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.043

11. Placebo Effect of Caffeine on Substrate Oxidation during Exercise

Author:
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín; Carlos Ruiz-Moreno; Millán Aguilar-Navarro; Alejandro Muñoz; David Varillas-Delgado; Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete; Justin D. Roberts; Juan Del Coso
Source:
Nutrients 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; athletic performance; caffeine; cellulose; exercise test; lipid metabolism; oxidation; placebos; stoichiometry;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... By using deceptive experiments in which participants are informed that they received caffeine when, in fact, they received an inert substance (i.e., placebo), several investigations have demonstrated that exercise performance can be enhanced to a similar degree as a known caffeine dose. This ‘placebo effect’ phenomenon may be part of the mechanisms explaining caffeine’s ergogenicity in exercise ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu13030782

12. Rehydration during Endurance Exercise: Challenges, Research, Options, Methods

Author:
Lawrence E. Armstrong
Source:
Nutrients 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; athletic performance; blood serum; hyponatremia; rehydration; risk reduction; sodium; sweat; urine;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... During endurance exercise, two problems arise from disturbed fluid–electrolyte balance: dehydration and overhydration. The former involves water and sodium losses in sweat and urine that are incompletely replaced, whereas the latter involves excessive consumption and retention of dilute fluids. When experienced at low levels, both dehydration and overhydration have minor or no performance effects ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu13030887

13. Magnitude and duration of excess of post‐exercise oxygen consumption between high‐intensity interval and moderate‐intensity continuous exercise: A systematic review

Author:
Valéria L. G. Panissa; David H. Fukuda; Victor Staibano; Marcelo Marques; Emerson Franchini
Source:
Obesity reviews 2021 v.22 no.1 pp. e13099
ISSN:
1467-7881
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; energy expenditure; obesity; oxygen consumption; systematic review;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The present systematic review examined the effect of exercise intensity (high‐intensity interval exercise [HIIE] vs. moderate‐intensity continuous exercise [MICE] vs. sprint interval exercise [SIE]) on excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Twenty‐two studies were included in the final evaluation. The retrieved investigations were split into studies that analysed short‐duration (until 3 ...
DOI:
10.1111/obr.13099

14. Effect of very low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation on post-exercise inhibitory control

Author:
Kento Dora; Tadashi Suga; Keigo Tomoo; Takeshi Sugimoto; Ernest Mok; Hayato Tsukamoto; Shingo Takada; Takeshi Hashimoto; Tadao Isaka
Source:
Heliyon 2021 v.7 no.2 pp. e06261
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
body weight; cognition; cross-over studies; muscles; strength training
Abstract:
... The extremely low loads (e.g., <30% of one-repetition maximum) involved in performing resistance exercise are effective in preventing musculoskeletal injury and enhancing exercise adherence in various populations, especially older individuals and patients with chronic diseases. Nevertheless, long-term intervention using this type of protocol is known to have little effects on muscle size ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06261

15. 127 Exercise management of horses in Pennsylvania: A survey

Author:
E.L. Orr; W.B. Staniar; D.N. Smarsh
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103590
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; Quarter Horse; Thoroughbred; diet; energy; statistics; surveys; veterinary medicine; Pennsylvania;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Exercise is an integral part of most domesticated horses’ lives. Understanding the frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise is important for determining the correct diet and management for the horse. The 2007 NRC categorizes exercise workloads into light, moderate, heavy, and very heavy to help determine the energy and nutrient requirements. The objective of the current study ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103590

16. Effects of acute interval handgrip exercise on cognitive performance

Author:
Takuro Washio; Kazuya Suzuki; Shotaro Saito; Hironori Watanabe; Soichi Ando; R. Matthew Brothers; Shigehiko Ogoh
Source:
Physiology & behavior 2021 v.232 pp. 113327
ISSN:
0031-9384
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; acute effects; blood; blood pressure; cognition; memory;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Previous studies have reported that even a single bout of dynamic exercise improves cognitive performance. However, the acute effect of the interval handgrip (HG) exercise protocol, which is effective in reducing resting blood pressure, on cognitive performance is poorly understood. Cognitive performance was assessed in 17 young healthy subjects before and after a resting control (e.g., time ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113327

17. Restorative benefits of everyday green exercise: A spatial approach

Author:
Anna Kajosaari; Tytti P. Pasanen
Source:
Landscape and urban planning 2021 v.206 pp. 103978
ISSN:
0169-2046
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; citizen participation; conception; green infrastructure; landscapes; mental health; metropolitan areas; regression analysis; surveys; Finland;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Contact with green space has been associated with diverse beneficial impacts on human health. Studies focusing on green exercise suggest that physical activity undertaken in green environments provides more mental health benefits than physical activity in indoor or other outdoor settings. However, this evidence is largely based on experimental field studies that control the participants’ contact ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103978

18. 22 Comparison of post-exercise cooling methods in horses

Author:
H. Kang; R.R. Zsoldos; J.E. Skinner; J.B. Gaughan; A.S. Guitart
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2021 v.100 pp. 103485
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; ambient temperature; body temperature; cooling; evaporation; heat exhaustion; heat transfer; humidity; sweat; veterinary medicine; water;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Exertional heat illness (EHI) following strenuous exercise under hot and humid conditions can be detrimental in horses. Direct cooling after intense exercise is necessary to prevent EHI. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 3 cooling methods in horses post treadmill exercise. Five mature geldings were treadmill exercised on 3 consecutive weeks to determine the effect of 3 post ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103485

19. Exercise-Stimulated ROS Sensitive Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle

Author:
Jessica Bouviere; Rodrigo S. Fortunato; Corinne Dupuy; Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro; Denise P. Carvalho; Ruy A. Louzada
Source:
Antioxidants 2021 v.10 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-3921
Subject:
exercise,   etc   ; AMP-activated protein kinase; glucose; homeostasis; hypertrophy; mitochondria; mitogen-activated protein kinase; reactive oxygen species; skeletal muscle; xanthine oxidase;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Physical exercise represents a major challenge to whole-body homeostasis, provoking acute and adaptative responses at the cellular and systemic levels. Different sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described in skeletal muscle (e.g., NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and mitochondria) and are closely related to the physiological changes induced by physical exercise through ...
DOI:
10.3390/antiox10040537

20. Circadian influence on post-exercise hypotension: a review

Author:
T. Bommasamudram; P. Gandhi; R. Oommen Iype; B. Raj; B. Chandrasekaran
Source:
Comparative exercise physiology 2021 v.17 no.4 pp. 381-386
ISSN:
1755-2559
Subject:
blood pressure; circadian rhythm; hypotension
Abstract:
... Circadian rhythm (CR) can influence the physiological and psychological parameters in every individual. There is a sinusoidal response to blood pressure brought about by the CR. A drop in blood pressure response immediately after an exercise is termed as post-exercise hypotension (PEH). The objective of the present paper is to review the influence of CR on PEH. Comparing the types of exercises ...
DOI:
10.3920/CEP200051