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1. The diagnostic performance and accuracy of 3 molecular assays for the detection of Clostridium difficile in stool samples, compared with the Xpert® C. difficile assay

Author:
Azrad, Maya; Tkhawkho, Linda; Hamo, Zohar; Peretz, Avi
Source:
Journal of microbiological methods 2020 v.168 pp. 105784
ISSN:
0167-7012
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Clostridium difficile; algorithms;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... This research compares the performance and diagnostic accuracy of three molecular tests for the detection of Clostridium difficile in stool samples, with the Xpert® C. difficile assay.Fifty-nine positive and twenty-five stool negative samples were analyzed by the BDmax™ Cdiff, the Simplexa C. difficile Direct, and the GenomEra™ C. difficile, and compared with the Xpert® C. difficile routinely used ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105784

2. Straight-line orientation in the woodland-living beetle Sisyphus fasciculatus

Author:
Khaldy, Lana; Tocco, Claudia; Byrne, Marcus; Baird, Emily; Dacke, Marie
Source:
Journal of comparative physiology 2020 v.206 no.3 pp. 327-335
ISSN:
0340-7594
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Scarabaeus; canopy; dung beetles; habitats; woodlands;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... To transport their balls of dung along a constant bearing, diurnal savannah-living dung beetles rely primarily on the sun for compass information. However, in more cluttered environments, such as woodlands, this solitary compass cue is frequently hidden from view by surrounding vegetation. In these types of habitats, insects can, instead, rely on surrounding landmarks, the canopy pattern, or wide- ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00359-019-01331-7
PubMed:
30955076
PubMed Central:
PMC7192865

3. Isolation of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile in diarrheic and nondiarrheic cats

Author:
Silva, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira; Ribeiro, Marcio Garcia; de Paula, Carolina Lechinski; Pires, Isadora Honorato; Oliveira Junior, Carlos Augusto; Diniz, Amanda Nadia; de Araújo Nunes, Talita Augusto; Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria
Source:
Anaerobe 2020 v.62 pp. 102164
ISSN:
1075-9964
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Clostridium difficile; Clostridium perfringens; cats; genes;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The occurrence and characteristics of Clostridioides (previously Clostridium) difficile and Clostridium perfringens in the feces of diarrheic and non-diarrheic cats was investigated. Apparently healthy animals were more likely to be positive for C. perfringens type A (p = 0.009). Two isolates (0.7%), one each from a diarrheic and an apparently healthy cat, were positive for the enterotoxin-encodin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102164

4. Field assessment in single-housed cats of litter box type (covered/uncovered) preferences for defecation

Author:
Beugnet, Virginie Villeneuve; Beugnet, Frederic
Source:
Journal of veterinary behavior 2020 v.36 pp. 65-69
ISSN:
1558-7878
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; cats; defecation; pet ownership; surface area; veterinarians;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cats living without any outdoor access have to use litter boxes to eliminate. A lack of cleanliness is one of the main reasons for which cat owners consult their veterinarian. What has been identified as one of the major causes for this problem is an inappropriate spot for elimination which does not fit the cats' needs. The following measures are generally agreed about litter boxes: easily accessi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jveb.2019.05.002

5. Level of contamination in the feces of several species at major inland pollution sources in the drainage basin of Yeoja Bay, Republic of Korea

Author:
Jeong, Sang Hyeon; Shin, Soon Bum; Lee, Ji Hee; Kwon, Ji Young; Lee, Hee Chung; Kim, Seon-Jae; Ha, Kwang soo
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2020 v.192 no.3 pp. 170
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; pollutants; pollution; swine; water quality; watersheds; South Korea;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... We assessed the levels of fecal contamination and the originating species of 12 major inland pollutants in the drainage basin of Yeoja Bay. The presence of the human-specific (HF183), ruminant-specific (BacR and Rum-2-Bac), pig-specific (Pig-Bac-2 and Pig-2-Bac), avian-specific (GFD), and gull-specific (Gull2) markers in water samples (n = 34) from 12 inland pollution sources around Yeoja Bay was ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-020-8131-7

6. An efficient method for extracting microplastics from feces of different species

Author:
Yan, Zehua; Zhao, Huajin; Zhao, Yanping; Zhu, Qiande; Qiao, Ruxia; Ren, Hongqiang; Zhang, Yan
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2020 v.384 pp. 121489
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; chickens; ethanol; filters; ingestion; microplastics; nitric acid; spectral analysis;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Concerns have been raised regarding the ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by numerous organisms including humans. However, no efficient and standardized methods are available for extracting MPs from feces. In this study, we introduce a novel approach with high digestion efficiency that involves using Fenton’s reagent and nitric acid to remove feces solids. Firstly, Fenton’s reagent was used to degr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121489

7. Evaluation of a marketed polyherbal dewormer against intestinal strongyles in naturally infected donkeys

Author:
Papini, R. A.; Orsetti, C.; Sgorbini, M.
Source:
Helminthologia 2020 v.57 no.1 pp. 78-82
ISSN:
1336-9083
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Strongylidae; asses; eggs; fecal egg count; horses; intestines; phytotherapy;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available polyherbal dewormer to control intestinal strongyles in naturally infected donkeys. The animals were allotted to two groups: treated with the herbal dewormer (n=8) according to manufacturer recommendations and untreated control group (n=6). Fecal samples were taken from each animal on days 0 (day of treatment), 14, 21 (day of second ...
DOI:
10.2478/helm-2020-0003
PubMed:
32063744
PubMed Central:
PMC6996254

8. Effect of different temperatures on survival and development of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet, 1898) larvae

Author:
Napoli, E.; Arfuso, F.; Gaglio, G.; Abbate, J.M.; Giannetto, S.; Brianti, E.
ISSN:
1475-2697
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Aelurostrongylus; cats; larvae; lungworms; molting; snails; storage temperature; Europe;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Aim of the study was to get in-depth information on Aelurostrongylus abstrusus first-stage larvae (L1s) survival at different temperatures and to assess the capability of these larvae to develop into the third infective stage (L3s). Faeces of a naturally infected cat were split into two aliquots: the first was divided in subsamples assigned to four groups (F1–F4); from the second aliquot, L1s were ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0022149X19001056

9. A new species of Blattisocius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae) from Egypt

Author:
Abo-Shnaf, Reham Ibrahim Ahmed; El-Dydamony, Mohamed Khyri; Said, Said Mohamad
Source:
International journal of acarology 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 9-13
ISSN:
1945-3892
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Locusta migratoria; Mesostigmata; females; insects; mites; new species; Egypt;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... This work reports on a new species of Blattisocius mites collected from the faeces of locust insects (Locusta migratoria (Meyen); Orthoptera, Acrididae) at Sharq El Owainat, New Valley, Egypt. The species is known only from females, but is remarkable in the genus for having only two pairs of preanal ventrianal setae. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:93E2AA36-7162-4D19-9BAC-8E7A4DCBA ...
DOI:
10.1080/01647954.2019.1687583

10. A case report of Chagas disease in acute phase diagnosed by xenodiagnosis

Author:
Sánchez-Vega, José Trinidad; Almanza-Mackintoy, Angélica; Luna-Santillán, Alejandra Victoria; De La Sancha-Solares, Tania
Source:
Parasitology international 2020 v.77 pp. 102121
ISSN:
1383-5769
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Chagas disease; Triatoma; Trypanosoma cruzi; blood; case studies; hosts; patients; trypomastigotes; xenodiagnosis; zoonoses;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chagas disease is a serious problem of parasitic disease in the American continent, this zoonosis is caused by the flagellated protozoan known as Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted through trypomastigotes present in the blood of sick hosts or in the faeces of the triatomines.Metacyclic trypomastigotes were detected in the faeca material of Triatoma pallidepennis maintained in the laboratory after t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.parint.2020.102121

11. Host-specific mitochondrial DNA markers for tracking the sources of fecal pollution

Author:
Malla, Bikash; Haramoto, Eiji
Source:
Current opinion in environmental science & health 2020 v.16 pp. 34-46
ISSN:
2468-5844
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; epithelial cells; genetic markers; host specificity; hosts; mitochondrial DNA; pollution;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Epithelial cells that contain a large number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are shed in host feces. Recently, researchers have developed mtDNA markers targeting mtDNA of specific hosts and applied them to microbial source tracking (MST) for different environmental waters. This review describes the performance, persistence in environmental waters, and correlations of host-specific mtDNA markers with ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.coesh.2020.02.006

12. Evaluation of Fecal Sand Clearance in Horses With Naturally Acquired Colonic Sand Accumulation With a Product Containing Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Psyllium

Author:
Hassel, Diana M.; Curley, Taylor; Hoaglund, Elizabeth L.
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2020 v.90 pp. 102970
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; clinical trials; colic; diarrhea; gastrointestinal system; horses; prebiotics; probiotics; psyllium gum; radiography; sand; sand fraction;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Consumption of sand and dirt in horses can cause chronic diarrhea and colic because of irritation and obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract of horses. Prevention has primarily focused on changes in management to reduce the intake of sand and feeding of psyllium products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a product containing probiotics, prebiotics, and psyllium in the c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102970

13. Tylosin degradation during manure composting and the effect of the degradation byproducts on the growth of green algae

Author:
Kamei-Ishikawa, Nao; Maeda, Takeki; Soma, Misaki; Yoshida, Naoto; Sameshima, Yota; Sasamoto, Makoto; Higashiyama, Yumi; Touno, Eiko; Ito, Ayumi
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.718 pp. 137295
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Selenastrum capricornutum; agricultural land; aquatic environment; byproducts; composting; half life; microorganisms; rain; sheep; temperature; tylosin;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, we investigate the tylosin degradation in sheep feces during composting. The sheep feces containing tylosin were composted using the laboratory-scale composting units. Tylosin was degraded during composting, and the half-life of tylosin degradation decreased with increasing temperature from 40 °C to 65 °C. The tylosin degradation in sheep feces can be attributed to the microorganism ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137295

14. Fur and faeces – Routes of mercury elimination in the Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus grypus)

Author:
Grajewska, Agnieszka; Falkowska, Lucyna; Saniewska, Dominika; Pawliczka, Iwona
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.717 pp. 137050
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Halichoerus grypus; adults; bioavailability; ecosystems; fur; mercury; methylmercury compounds; pups; seals; toxicity; Baltic Sea;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study focused on evaluating the elimination of Hg by Baltic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus grypus) via faeces and pelage. In addition, we investigated the potential for ecosystem contamination via these routes. Faeces and fur were collected in 2014–2017 from captive adult grey seals and their pups. The concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were measured in the samples ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137050

15. Investigation on the influence of isolated environment on human psychological and physiological health

Author:
Meng, Chen; Wang, Wei; Hao, Zikai; Liu, Hong
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.716 pp. 136972
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Prevotella; anxiety; cortisol; hormone secretion; intestinal microorganisms; melatonin; metabolism; metabolites; metabolomics; solar radiation; tryptophan; urine;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Crewmembers are working and living in isolated environment lacking natural light and perception. Although their health problems have been documented, the mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the psychological and physiological influences of isolated environment on crewmember's health. On account of complexity of the isolated environment, it ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136972

16. Kozen Yoshino's experimental infections with Taenia solium tapeworms: An experiment never to be repeated

Author:
Ito, Akira; Saito, Mika; Donadeu, Meritxell; Lightowlers, Marshall W
Source:
Acta tropica 2020 v.205 pp. 105378
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Taenia solium; cysticerci; defecation; drug therapy; prepatent period; swine; tapeworms; volunteers;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the 1930′s Kozen Yoshino published 6 papers on Taenia solium. One of these papers is particularly important because it describes the outcomes of experimental infections with T. solium tapeworms in four volunteers, Yoshino being one of them. The paper was written in an old form of the Japanese language, making it almost inaccessible to most researchers around the world. Here we provide a non-lit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105378

17. Microscopic examination after concentration techniques for Blastocystis sp. detection in serial faecal samples: How many samples are needed?

Author:
Not, Anna; Salvador, Fernando; Goterris, Lidia; Sulleiro, Elena; López, Isabel; Balladares, Martha; García, Elena; Paz, Carmen; Sánchez-Montalvá, Adrián; Bosch-Nicolau, Pau; Sao-Avilés, Augusto; Molina, Israel
Source:
Parasite epidemiology and control 2020 v.9 pp. e00137
ISSN:
2405-6731
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Blastocystis; case-control studies; demography; hospitals; humans; intestines; microscopy; parasites; patients; risk factors; Spain;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Blastocystis sp. is one of the most frequently observed intestinal parasites in humans. It is suggested that sensitivity of classical parasitological tests for the Blastocystis sp. diagnosis increases when increasing the number of investigated samples, although there is a lack of information. The aim of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity of classical parasitological tests for the Blastocysti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00137
PubMed:
32055721
PubMed Central:
PMC7005442

18. National surveillance on soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the People's Republic of China

Author:
Zhu, Hui-Hui; Huang, Ji-Lei; Zhu, Ting-Jun; Zhou, Chang-Hai; Qian, Men-Bao; Chen, Ying-Dan; Zhou, Xiao-Nong
Source:
Acta tropica 2020 v.205 pp. 105351
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Ascaris lumbricoides; Chinese people; Trichuris trichiura; helminthiasis; hookworms; monitoring; public health; China;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are widely distributed and remain a public health problem in the People's Republic of China. Altogether, 301 counties across 30 regions were investigated during the national surveillance on STHs carried out in 2016 based on the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method to examine faecal samples. A total of 305 081 people were investigated with 7 366 (2.4%) found to be ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105351

19. The first molecular detection of Blastocystis subtypes in human faecal samples from Ibague, Colombia

Author:
Potes-Morales, Caterine; Osorio-Delgado, Laura A.; Carranza, Julio César; Vallejo, Gustavo Adolfo
Source:
Parasite epidemiology and control 2020 v.9 pp. e00132
ISSN:
2405-6731
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Blastocystis; Protozoa; genes; genetic variation; humans; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; Colombia;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Blastocystis spp. has become one of the protozoans arousing the greatest scientific interest because of the controversy surrounding its biology; it is currently considered one of the most prevalent organisms in humans and animals worldwide. Such prevalence increases, especially in tropical countries where infection rates are high, highlighting the need to conduct studies focused on understanding t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00132
PubMed:
31956703
PubMed Central:
PMC6957836

20. Validation of a screening method for the detection of colistin-resistant E. coli containing mcr-1 in feral swine feces

Author:
Chandler, Jeffrey C.; Franklin, Alan B.; Bevins, Sarah N.; Bentler, Kevin T.; Bonnedahl, Jonas; Ahlstrom, Christina A.; Bisha, Bledar; Shriner, Susan A.
Source:
Journal of microbiological methods 2020 v.172 pp. 105892
ISSN:
0167-7012
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Escherichia coli; colistin; feral animals; inoculum; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; screening; swine; vancomycin;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... A method was developed and validated for the detection of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli containing mcr-1 in the feces of feral swine. Following optimization of an enrichment method using EC broth supplemented with colistin (1 μg/mL) and vancomycin (8 μg/mL), aliquots derived from 100 feral swine fecal samples were spiked with of one of five different mcr-1 positive E. coli strains (between 1 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105892