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1. Distinguishing serial homologs from novel traits: Experimental limitations and ideas for improvements

Author:
Monteiro, Antónia
Source:
BioEssays 2021 v.43 no.1 pp. e2000162
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Membracidae; evolutionary biology; genes;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... One of the central but yet unresolved problems in evolutionary biology concerns the origin of novel complex traits. One hypothesis is that complex traits derive from pre‐existing gene regulatory networks (GRNs) reused and modified to specify a novel trait somewhere else in the body. This simple explanation encounters problems when the novel trait that emerges in a body is in a region that is known ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.202000162

2. Overlooked diversity in Argentine caviomorph rodents: the need to increase field efforts

Author:
Pardiñas, Ulyses F. J.; Galliari, Carlos A.; Krauczuk, Ernesto R.; Rey, Nicolás R.
Source:
Mammalia 2021 v.85 no.3 pp. 287-290
ISSN:
1864-1547
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Echimyidae; Octodontidae; national parks; rats; Argentina;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Based on a variety of evidence (photographs, feces, specimens), three previously unsuspected caviomorph rodents are reported from Argentina: (1) a spiny rat (Echimyidae) probably belonging to the genus Phyllomys, in northern Misiones Province near Iguazú National Park; (2) an undetermined octodontid (Octodontidae) in western Chacoan Córdoba Province; and (3) the octodontid Spalacopus (Octodontidae ...
DOI:
10.1515/mammalia-2020-0097

3. Detection of Tioman Virus in Pteropus vampyrus Near Flores, Indonesia

Author:
Tsang, Susan M.; Low, Dolyce H. W.; Wiantoro, Sigit; Smith, Ina; Jayakumar, Jayanthi; Simmons, Nancy B.; Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran; Lohman, David J.; Mendenhall, Ian H.
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.4
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Pteropus; coevolution; fruits; viruses; Indonesia;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Diverse paramyxoviruses have coevolved with their bat hosts, including fruit bats such as flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Several of these viruses are zoonotic, but the diversity and distribution of Paramyxoviridae are poorly understood. We screened pooled feces samples from three Pteropus vampyrus colonies and assayed tissues, rectal swabs, and oral swabs from 95 individuals of 23 pterop ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13040563

4. Estimates of Species Richness and Composition Depend on Detection Method in Assemblages of Terrestrial Mammals

Author:
Suárez-Tangil, Bruno D.; Rodríguez, Alejandro
Source:
Animals 2021 v.11 no.1
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; cameras; humans; odors; species richness; surveys;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Detecting rapid changes in mammal composition at large spatial scales requires efficient detection methods. Many studies estimate species composition with a single survey method without asking whether that particular method optimises detection for all occurring species and yields reliable community-level indices. We explore the implications of between-method differences in efficiency, consistency, ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani11010186

5. Metagenomic Information Recovery from Human Stool Samples Is Influenced by Sequencing Depth and Profiling Method

Author:
Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M.; Garoutte, Aaron; Adams, Emmase; Nasser, Waleed; Ross, Matthew C.; La Reau, Alex; Henseler, Zachariah; Ward, Tonya; Knights, Dan; Petrosino, Joseph F.; Hollister, Emily B.
Source:
Genes 2020 v.11 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; genes; metagenomics; microbiome;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (16S) has long been a go-to method for microbiome characterization due to its accessibility and lower cost compared to shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SMS). However, 16S sequencing rarely provides species-level resolution and cannot provide direct assessment of other taxa (e.g., viruses and fungi) or functional gene content. Shallow shotgun metagenomic sequencing (S ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes11111380

6. The diagnostic performance and accuracy of 3 molecular assays for the detection of Clostridium difficile in stool samples, compared with the Xpert® C. difficile assay

Author:
Azrad, Maya; Tkhawkho, Linda; Hamo, Zohar; Peretz, Avi
Source:
Journal of microbiological methods 2020 v.168 pp. 105784
ISSN:
0167-7012
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Clostridium difficile; algorithms;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... This research compares the performance and diagnostic accuracy of three molecular tests for the detection of Clostridium difficile in stool samples, with the Xpert® C. difficile assay.Fifty-nine positive and twenty-five stool negative samples were analyzed by the BDmax™ Cdiff, the Simplexa C. difficile Direct, and the GenomEra™ C. difficile, and compared with the Xpert® C. difficile routinely used ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105784

7. Memory for surface objects in an arena by the horse (Equus ferus caballus) under saddle: Evidence for dual process theory of spatial representation

Author:
Whishaw, Ian Q.; Burke, Candace J.
Source:
Behavioural processes 2021 v.189 pp. 104442
ISSN:
0376-6357
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Equus; defecation; fur; memory; paper; spatial data; stallions; straw;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Place memory, the ability to remember locations, is a feature of many animal species. This episodic-like memory is displayed in the foraging behavior of animals and has been studied in many different kinds of laboratory spatial tasks. A horse stallion, Equus ferus caballus, will create “dung-heaps or stud-piles” by defecation in the same place suggesting that the behavior is central to spatial beh ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104442

8. Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro

Author:
Baiak, Barbara Haline Buss; Gasparina, Jennifer Mayara; Ianke, Letícia; de Sousa, Karolini Tenffen; Deniz, Matheus; Pereira, Leticia Macedo; Araújo, Jackson Victor; da Rocha, Raquel Abdallah; Dittrich, João Ricardo
ISSN:
1475-2697
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; biological control; fungi; gastrointestinal nematodes; gastrointestinal transit; pastures; soil;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and c ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0022149X21000195

9. Spatial autocorrelation in a Mexican dung beetle ensemble: Implications for biodiversity assessment and monitoring

Author:
Moctezuma, Victor
Source:
Ecological indicators 2021 v.125 pp. 107548
ISSN:
1470-160X
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; autocorrelation; dung beetles; humans; species richness; surveys;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Spatial autocorrelation is a general property of ecological variables. Since many of the statistical methods used in ecology often assume sample independence, spatial clustering is considered a source of noise in studies related to the estimation and monitoring of biological diversity. Spatial autocorrelation was assessed herein in a Mexican Scarabaeinae dung beetle ensemble. Dung beetles where sa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107548

10. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin contributes to protection of mice from Strongyloides venezuelensis infection by CD4+ T cell-dependent and -independent pathways

Author:
Koida, Atsuhide; Yasuda, Koubun; Adachi, Takumi; Matsushita, Kazufumi; Yasuda, Makoto; Hirano, Shigeru; Kuroda, Etsushi
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2021 v.555 pp. 168-174
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Strongyloides venezuelensis; cytokines; epithelium; gene expression; intestines; lungs; research;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... When animals are infected with helminthic parasites, resistant hosts mount type II helper T (Th2) immune responses to expel worms. Recent studies have clearly shown that epithelial cell-derived cytokines contribute to the induction of Th2 immune responses. Here we demonstrate the role of endogenous thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) for protection against Strongyloides venezuelensis (S. venezuele ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.128

11. Small Bowel Obstruction Induced by Concurrent Postoperative Intra-Abdominal Adhesions and Small Bowel Fecal Materials in a Young Dog

Author:
Hyun, Jae-Eun; Han, Hyun-Jung
Source:
Veterinary sciences 2021 v.8 no.5
ISSN:
2306-7381
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Poodle (dog breed); dogs; jejunum; laparotomy; males; radiography; ultrasonography;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... A 7-month-old neutered male poodle dog presented with general deterioration and gastrointestinal symptoms after two separate operations: a jejunotomy for small-intestinal foreign body removal and an exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis and treatment of the gastrointestinal symptoms that occurred 1 month after the first surgery. The dog was diagnosed as having small-bowel obstruction (SBO) due to i ...
DOI:
10.3390/vetsci8050083

12. Pollution characteristics of livestock faeces and the key driver of the spread of antibiotic resistance genes

Author:
Yue, Zhengfu; Zhang, Jing; Zhou, Zhigao; Ding, Changfeng; Wan, Liping; Liu, Jia; Chen, Liumeng; Wang, Xingxiang
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2021 v.409 pp. 124957
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; antibiotic resistance; bacterial communities; equations; piglets; pollution; variance;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock and poultry faeces has attracted considerable amounts of attention. However, in the actual breeding environment, the key driver of the spread of ARGs and which bacteria are involved remain unclear. This study investigated 19 antibiotics and 4 heavy metals in 147 animal faeces. The results showed that piglet faeces exhibit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124957

13. Chemical Removal of Cu and Zn from Swine Feces before Soil Application

Author:
Shim, Moo-Joon; Lee, Seung-Mok
Source:
Agriculture (Basel) 2021 v.11 no.5
ISSN:
2077-0472
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; agriculture; fertilizers; organic matter; soil treatment; swine; total nitrogen;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cu and Zn are known to be abundant in swine feces; hence, concentrations of these metals need to be lowered before swine feces are applied to land in order to prevent potential environmental problems. The main objective of this study was to develop an appropriate chemical process to remove Cu and Zn from swine feces using acid extractions. The removal efficiencies of Cu and Zn decreased in the ord ...
DOI:
10.3390/agriculture11050377

14. Influence of faecal culture media and incubation time on the yield of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi 1803)

Author:
Muchiut, Sebastián; Fernández, Silvina; Domínguez, Paula; Riva, Eliana; Rodríguez, Edgardo; Steffan, Pedro; Bernat, Gisele; Fiel, César
Source:
Parasitology research 2021 v.120 no.4 pp. 1493-1497
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Haemonchus contortus; larvae; parasitology; polystyrenes; research; vermiculite;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of this experiment was to determine the yield of Haemonchus contortus third-stage larvae (L3) in faecal cultures in different conditions, including incubation time (7 or 14 days), the addition of inert additives (polystyrene pellets, vermiculite or no additive) and physical condition of the incubated faeces (ground or whole pellets). Twelve groups of 10 cultures each were arranged and incu ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-021-07078-y

15. The effect of analyst training on fecal egg counting variability

Author:
Cain, Jennifer L.; Peters, Kerri T.; Suri, Parul; Roher, Amber; Rutledge, Matthew H.; Nielsen, Martin K.
Source:
Parasitology research 2021 v.120 no.4 pp. 1363-1370
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Strongylidae; automation; eggs; parasites; parasitology; research; variance; Wisconsin;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fecal egg counts (FECs) are essential for veterinary parasite control programs. Recent advances led to the creation of an automated FEC system that performs with increased precision and reduces the need for training of analysts. However, the variability contributed by analysts has not been quantified for FEC methods, nor has the impact of training on analyst performance been quantified. In this st ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-021-07074-2

16. Evaluation of the Baermann–Wetzel method for detecting lungworm larvae in wild ruminants from faecal samples

Author:
Carrau, T.; Martínez-Carrasco, C.; Garijo, M.M.; Alonso, F.; Ruiz de Ybáñez, R.; Tizzani, P.
ISSN:
1475-2697
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Nematoda; cost effectiveness; lungworms; parenchyma (animal tissue); ruminants;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Lungworms can exert a negative impact on wild ruminant fitness; for this reason, the diagnosis of the associated diseases is an important prevention measure. The Baerman–Wetzel technique is the most usual method for the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary nematodes and is based on the active migration and movement of their first-stage larvae. Pulmonary tissue samples are frequently used for the post-mor ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0022149X21000067

17. Comparative metabolism study on chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid using UHPLC-Q-TOF MS coupled with network pharmacology

Author:
LI, Jie; WANG, Shao-Ping; WANG, Yu-Qi; SHI, Lei; ZHANG, Ze-Kun; DONG, Fan; LI, Hao-Ran; ZHANG, Jia-Yu; MAN, Yu-Qing
Source:
Chinese journal of natural medicines 2021 v.19 no.3 pp. 212-224
ISSN:
1875-5364
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; anti-inflammatory activity; chlorogenic acid; metabolism; metabolites; rats; urine;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chlorogenic acid (5-CQA), neochlorogenic acid (3-CQA), and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), usually simultaneously exist in many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, insufficient attentions have been paid to the comparative metabolism study on these three isomeric constituents with similar effects on anti-inflammation until now. In this study, a novel strategy was established to perform c ...
DOI:
10.1016/S1875-5364(21)60023-7

18. Consistency of faecal scoring using two canine faecal scoring systems

Author:
Cavett, C. L.; Tonero, M.; Marks, S. L.; Winston, J. A.; Gilor, C.; Rudinsky, A. J.
Source:
Thejournal of small animal practice 2021 v.62 no.3 pp. 167-173
ISSN:
0022-4510
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; defecation; dogs; small animal practice; statistics; veterinarians;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To determine the agreement of canine faecal scoring between individuals with different levels of experience using two available faecal scoring systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Naturally‐voided, undisturbed bowel movements from 126 dogs were evaluated by veterinarians (n = 3) and members of the lay public (n = 126) within 15 minutes of defecation. Each participant was provided a copy of t ...
DOI:
10.1111/jsap.13283

19. Male chemotactile cues are not attractive advertisements to Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae) females in search of mates

Author:
Stanley, Michael T.; Rypstra, Ann L.
Source:
TheJournal of arachnology 2021 v.48 no.3 pp. 233-241
ISSN:
0161-8202
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; Pardosa milvina; body condition; courtship; females; males; silk;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Females use a variety of physical and behavioral features to locate potential mates and assess their quality. These male signals can be transmitted across one or multiple signaling modalities and, recently, the roles of silk-related signaling by males has received more attention. In the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina (Hentz, 1844), males use a visual courtship display to attract female attention and ...
DOI:
10.1636/JoA-S-19-039

20. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Isolated from Different Niches

Author:
Mao, Bingyong; Yin, Ruimin; Li, Xiaoshu; Cui, Shumao; Zhang, Hao; Zhao, Jianxin; Chen, Wei
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.2
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
feces,   etc   ; carbohydrates; fermentation; genetic variation; genomics; glycosidases; humans; phylogeny; transferases;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can adapt to a variety of niches and is widely distributed in many sources. We used comparative genomics to explore the differences in the genome and in the physiological characteristics of L. plantarum isolated from pickles, fermented sauce, and human feces. The relationships between genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed to address the effects of isolation source on ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12020241