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1. Assessment of heating and evaporation modelling based on single suspended water droplet experiments

Author:
Beji, Tarek; Thielens, Martin; Merci, Bart
Source:
Fire safety journal 2019 v.106 pp. 124-135
ISSN:
0379-7112
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; air flow; air temperature; droplets; evaporation; fire safety; heat; models; sprinklers;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The work described in this paper is undertaken with the purpose of providing a detailed assessment of the current modelling capabilities of the effects of fire suppression systems (e.g., sprinklers) in fire-driven flows. Such assessment will allow identifying key modelling issues and, ultimately, improving the reliability of the numerical tools in fire safety design studies. More specifically, we ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.04.012

2. The 10% wind speed rule of thumb for estimating a wildfire’s forward rate of spread in forests and shrublands

Author:
Cruz, Miguel G.; Alexander, Martin E.
Source:
Annals of forest science 2019 v.76 no.2 pp. 44
ISSN:
1286-4560
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; Eucalyptus; burning; coniferous forests; fire spread; fuels; grasslands; models; shrublands; statistics; wildfires; wind speed;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE : The collective analysis of a relatively large number of wildfire observations documented in conifer forests, dry eucalypt forests and temperate shrublands revealed that the forward rate of fire spread is roughly 10% of the average 10-m open wind speed, provided both are expressed in the same units (e.g. km h ⁻¹). CONTEXT: Knowledge of a wildfire’s forward spread rate is a prerequisit ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13595-019-0829-8

3. Wood crib fire tests to evaluate the influence of extinguishing media and jet type on extinguishing performance at close range

Author:
Rappsilber, Tim; Below, Philipp; Krüger, Simone
Source:
Fire safety journal 2019 v.106 pp. 136-145
ISSN:
0379-7112
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; air; cooling; fire testing; foaming; foams; liquids; spraying; wood;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper is intended to be the first study to discuss the fire suppressing performance of the four most common extinguishing media under the same reproducible conditions. The tests were performed in bench-scale and used standardized 5A wood cribs as well as a miniature extinguishing system with a liquid flow rate of 1.4 lmin−1. The tests results present a consistent overview of the fire suppress ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.04.014

4. Synergisms between Siloxane-polyoxyethylene and Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactants in Foam Stability and Pool Fire Extinction

Author:
Ananth, Ramagopal; Snow, Arthur W.; Hinnant, Katherine M.; Giles, Spencer L.; Farley, John P.
Source:
Colloids and surfaces 2019
ISSN:
0927-7757
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; application rate; extinction; fire fighting; foams; fuels; heptane; hydrophilicity; perfluorocarbons; surfactants; synergism; vapors;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fluorocarbon surfactants in firefighting foams must be replaced with environmentally friendly surfactants without loss of fire suppression performance. Aqueous foams generated from commercial Siloxane-polyoxyethylene and alkyl polyglycoside surfactants were characterized individually and as mixtures in a formulation by measuring the solution and foam properties, foam degradation and fuel transport ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123686

5. Green firebreaks as a management tool for wildfires: Lessons from China

Author:
Cui, Xinglei; Alam, Md Azharul; Perry, George LW.; Paterson, Adrian M.; Wyse, Sarah V.; Curran, Timothy J.
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2019 v.233 pp. 329-336
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; canopy; climate; fire break; guidelines; land use; landscapes; vegetation; wildfires; wildland fire management; China;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Wildfire is a widespread natural hazard that is expected to increase in areal extent, severity and frequency with ongoing changes in climate and land-use. One tool that has been used in an effort to reduce the damage caused by wildfires is green firebreaks: strips of low-flammability vegetation grown at strategic locations in the landscape. Green firebreaks are increasingly being recommended for w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.043

6. Fire‐sensitive species dominate seed rain after fire suppression: Implications for plant community diversity and woody encroachment in the Cerrado

Author:
Mariano, Vanessa; Rebolo, Isabele F.; Christianini, Alexander V.
Source:
Biotropica 2019 v.51 no.1 pp. 5-9
ISSN:
0006-3606
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; cerrado; issues and policy; plant communities; prescribed burning; savannas; seed dispersal;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Woody encroachment is becoming common in tropical savannas. We studied natural seed rain and performed seed addition experiments in a Brazilian savanna that had not been burned for several decades. We found greater abundance of fire‐sensitive species in the seed rain, likely contributing to woody encroachment. Flexible fire management policies that allow for natural and prescribed fires may be req ...
DOI:
10.1111/btp.12614

7. A quantitative comparison of forest fires in central and northern California under early (1911–1924) and contemporary (2002–2015) fire suppression

Author:
Collins, Brandon M.; Miller, Jay D.; Knapp, Eric E.; Sapsis, David B.
Source:
The International journal of wildland fire 2019 v.28 no.2 pp. 138-148
ISSN:
1049-8001
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; fire regime; forest fires; forests; fuel loading; global warming; logging; California;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Most studies of fire-regime changes in western North American forests rely on a reference period that pre-dates Euro-American settlement. Less is known about fire-regime changes relative to the early onset of major change agents, i.e. fire suppression and timber harvesting. We digitised ledgers that contained over 18000 individual fire records from 1911 through 1924 (early suppression period). We ...
DOI:
10.1071/WF18137

8. Experimental study on the efficiency of dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one on suppressing lithium-ion battery fires

Author:
Liu, Yujun; Duan, Qiangling; Xu, Jiajia; Chen, Haodong; Lu, Wei; Wang, Qingsong
Source:
RSC advances 2018 v.8 no.73 pp. 42223-42232
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; fires; lithium batteries; temperature;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Currently, the effective and prompt suppression of lithium-ion battery fires is still challenging. Herein, a 38 A h prismatic ternary (Li(Ni₁/₃Co₁/₃Mn₁/₃)O₂/graphite) battery with the size of 150 × 92 × 27 mm³ was adopted to investigate the suppression efficiency of dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one (C₆F₁₂O) in high capacity lithium-ion battery fires. Five doses of C₆F₁₂O agent including 0, 0.5, 1 ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8ra08908f

9. Periodical cicada emergence resource pulse tracks forest expansion in a tallgrass prairie landscape

Author:
Whiles, Matt R.; Snyder, Bruce A.; Brock, Brent L.; Bonjour, Sophia; Callaham, Mac A., Jr.; Meyer, Clinton K.; Bell, Alex
Source:
Ecosphere 2019 v.10 no.7 pp. e02779
ISSN:
2150-8925
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; Magicicada septendecim; anthropogenic activities; ecosystems; energy; forest habitats; forests; grazing; landscapes; oviposition; tallgrass prairies; watersheds;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Understanding factors that influence resource pulses is an important aspect of ecosystem ecology. We quantified below‐ to aboveground energy and nutrient fluxes during the 2015 periodical cicada emergence from forest habitats in a tallgrass prairie matrix and compared results to our prior studies of the 1998 emergence in the same watershed. We estimated 35.2 million cicadas emerged across 159 ha i ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.2779

10. Spatial feedbacks and the dynamics of savanna and forest

Author:
Li, Qianxiao; Staver, A. Carla; E, Weinan; Levin, Simon A.
Source:
Theoretical ecology 2019 v.12 no.2 pp. 237-262
ISSN:
1874-1738
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; climate; empirical research; environmental factors; fire spread; forests; grasslands; hydrology; hysteresis; landscapes; savannas; theoretical models; vegetation structure;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Theoretical models and empirical analyses have combined to suggest that, for some ranges of climate, alternative stable states in vegetation structure may be possible: positive feedbacks with fire may differentiate savanna from forest, while positive feedbacks with hydrological processes may differentiate grassland from savanna. However, existing models have largely failed to include spatially exp ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12080-019-0428-1

11. Performance evaluation of water mist fire suppression: A clean and sustainable fire-fighting technique in mechanically-ventilated place

Author:
Zhou, Yang; Bu, Rongwei; Zhang, Xiaonan; Fan, Chuangang; Gong, Junhui
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2019 v.209 pp. 1319-1331
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; carbon monoxide; convection; disasters; fire extinguishers; fire fighting; human resources; mists; mixing; oxygen; smoke; systems engineering; temperature;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fire disasters occurring in the ventilated places often feature the harmless and pollution-free fire extinguishing methods, one of which is water mist. However, the application of water mist system in the forced-ventilated places is still a controversial issue. The main objective of this study is to present a systematic experimental investigation on water mist suppression performance in the mechan ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.315

12. Forest Fire and Indigenous Sami Land Use: Place Names, Fire Dynamics, and Ecosystem Change in Northern Scandinavia

Author:
Cogos, Sarah; Östlund, Lars; Roturier, Samuel
Source:
Human ecology 2019 v.47 no.1 pp. 51-64
ISSN:
0300-7839
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; ecosystems; forest fires; forest inventory; grazing; interviews; land use; reindeer; trees; understory; vegetation types; Scandinavia; Sweden;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... During the last two centuries, fire suppression has critically modified boreal ecosystems in northern Scandinavia and has undoubtedly affected indigenous Sami land use. We inventoried Sami toponyms referring to fire in a municipality located in Swedish Sápmi, and investigated their past and present meanings by analyzing Sami dictionaries and conducting semi-structured interviews with Sami reindeer ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10745-019-0056-9

13. Regeneration of pitch pine (Pinus rigida) stands inhibited by fire suppression in Albany Pine Bush Preserve, New York

Author:
Lee, Chang-Seok; Robinson, George R.; Robinson, Ingrid P.; Lee, Hansol
Source:
Journal of forestry research 2019 v.30 no.1 pp. 233-242
ISSN:
1007-662X
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; Pinus rigida; Quercus ilicifolia; Vaccinium; blueberries; fire history; fires; pine barrens; seedlings; shrublands; New York;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Pine Barrens in New York State are dominated by pitch pine (Pinus ridgida) and scrub oaks (Quercus ilicifolia and Q. prinoides). With fire suppression over the last 90 years or so, P. rigida regeneration has become sparse, even in areas set aside to preserve this type of vegetation. We evaluated the effects of fire and an alternative disturbance (mechanical removal of vegetation) for increasin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11676-018-0644-3

14. Spatiotemporal trends of area burnt in the Iberian Peninsula, 1975–2013

Author:
Silva, João M. N.; Moreno, Maria Vanesa; Le Page, Yannick; Oom, Duarte; Bistinas, Ioannis; Pereira, José Miguel C.
Source:
Regional environmental change 2019 v.19 no.2 pp. 515-527
ISSN:
1436-3798
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; climatic factors; fire regime; forest fires; forests; population dynamics; regression analysis; urban areas; Iberian Peninsula; Portugal; Spain;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... In Portugal and Spain, fire regimes have been significantly altered due to changes in anthropogenic and climatic factors. The development of a fire management strategy should take into account the past trends of fire incidence. We analyse the spatial and temporal trends of burned area in the Iberian Peninsula, merging four decades of forest fire data from the two countries. Theil-Sen slope and a s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10113-018-1415-6

15. Strategic and tactical planning to improve suppression efforts against large forest fires in the Catalonia region of Spain

Author:
Gonzalez-Olabarria, José Ramón; Reynolds, Keith M.; Larrañaga, Asier; Garcia-Gonzalo, Jordi; Busquets, Eduard; Pique, Miriam
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2019 v.432 pp. 612-622
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; ecosystem management; expert opinion; fire behavior; fire fighting; forest fires; fuels; landscapes; mechanization; planning; risk; water supply; Spain;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The study explores use of the Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) System to standardize the process of allocating Management Areas for Fire Suppression Support (MASSs) in Catalonia, Spain. MASSs are defined as those areas in the landscape that change fire behavior, reducing the magnitude of the wildfire, and improve significantly fire suppression effectiveness/capacity. Considerations for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.039

16. Factors influencing fire suppression success in the province of Quebec (Canada)

Author:
Cardil, A.; Lorente, M.; Boucher, D.; Boucher, J.; Gauthier, S.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research 2019 v.49 no.5 pp. 531-542
ISSN:
1208-6037
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; case studies; fire detection; fire intensity; fire regime; forest fires; forests; fuels (fire ecology); Quebec;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the managed forest of Canada, forest fires are actively suppressed through efficient initial attack capability; however, the impact of different factors on the suppression success remains to be understood. The aim of this paper was to analyze the influence of operational suppression objectives (fire detection, initial attack, and fire control) along with fire intensity, fuel type, fire ignition ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfr-2018-0272

17. Predicting sprinkler spray dispersion in FireFOAM

Author:
Myers, Taylor; Trouvé, Arnaud; Marshall, Andre
Source:
Fire safety journal 2018
ISSN:
0379-7112
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; computers; engineering; fluid mechanics; models; prediction; probability distribution;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Accurate representation of fire sprinkler spray enables quantitative engineering analysis of fire suppression performance. Increasingly, fire sprinkler systems are evaluated using computer fire models in which sprinkler spray is simulated with Lagrangian particles. However, limited guidance exists as to how to predict the behavior of complex, spatio-stochastic fire sprinkler spray or how to accura ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.07.008

18. Structure and dynamics of forests dominated by Sequoiadendron giganteum

Author:
Sillett, Stephen C.; Van Pelt, Robert; Carroll, Allyson L.; Campbell-Spickler, Jim; Antoine, Marie E.
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2019 v.448 pp. 218-239
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; Abies; Sequoiadendron giganteum; aboveground biomass; allometry; carbon sequestration; climate; drought; equations; forestry; forests; leaf area index; logging; mountains; photosynthesis; prescribed burning; tree mortality; trees; California;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... The largest tree species, Sequoiadendron giganteum has a small native range restricted to California’s Sierra Nevada. Awe-inspiring stature contributed to its protection from logging, but anthropogenic climate change—particularly hotter drought—and over a century of fire suppression are possible threats. We measured 60 trees in seven forests to improve allometric equations for the species and inst ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.05.064

19. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and metal contamination of air and surfaces exposed to combustion emissions during emergency fire suppression: Implications for firefighters' exposures

Author:
Keir, Jennifer L.A.; Akhtar, Umme S.; Matschke, David M.J.; White, Paul A.; Kirkham, Tracy L.; Chan, Hing Man; Blais, Jules M.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; air; air sampling; antimony; byproducts; cadmium; clothing; combustion; decontamination; emissions; fire fighters; fire fighting; laundry; lead; occupational exposure; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; safety equipment; samplers; washing;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study examined occupational exposures of Ottawa firefighters to combustion by-products and selected metals. We measured exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), antimony, cadmium, and lead using (1) personal air samplers worn by firefighters during emergency fire suppression; (2) wipe samples from skin, personal clothing, and personal protective equipment (PPE) collected before a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134211

20. Adapting prescribed burns to future climate change in Mediterranean landscapes

Author:
Duane, Andrea; Aquilué, Núria; Canelles, Quim; Morán-Ordoñez, Alejandra; De Cáceres, Miquel; Brotons, Lluís
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.677 pp. 68-83
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
fire suppression,   etc   ; climate change; climatic factors; cost effectiveness; fire regime; issues and policy; landscape management; landscapes; models; prescribed burning; temperature; wildfires; wind; Mediterranean region; Spain;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fire regimes are shifting or are expected to do so under global change. Current fire suppression is not able to control all wildfires, and its capability to do so might be compromised under harsher climate conditions. Alternative fire management strategies may allow to counteract predicted fire trends, but we lack quantitative tools to evaluate their potential effectiveness at the landscape scale. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.348