U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Subject "flame retardants" Remove constraint Subject: "flame retardants"
Start Over

Search

4,150  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 20 of 4,150 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Flame retardant treatments for polypropylene: Strategies and recent advances

Author:
Zhao, Wenjing; Kumar Kundu, Chanchal; Li, Zhiwei; Li, Xiaohong; Zhang, Zhijun
Source:
Composites 2021 v.145 pp. 106382
ISSN:
1359-835X
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; alkanes; polypropylenes;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Polypropylene (PP), one of five general-purpose plastics, is widely used in many fields. However, the intrinsic alkane structure of PP makes it relatively easy to burn, leading to limiting its scope of application. Here, this article reviews the most commonly flame retarding strategies used in PP matrices, including the flame-retardant compounds, application methods as well as flame-inhibition mec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106382

2. Hydrophobic nano SiO₂ as flow-enhancing additives and flame retardant synergizes with CaCO₃ to suppress gas explosion

Author:
Xie, Jibiao; Zhang, Jiaqi; Ding, Ce; Wang, Xiaoli
Source:
RSC advances 2021 v.11 no.8 pp. 4672-4681
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; combustion; hydrophobicity; storage quality;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The suppression effect of hydrophobic nano SiO₂ of different concentrations as flow-enhancing additives synergizing with CaCO₃ to inhibit gas explosions was systematically studied in a self-built LabVIEW-based explosion test platform. The results showed that the addition of hydrophobic powder can reduce the angle of rest and enhance the flowability of mixed powders, and improve the powder diffusio ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ra09223a

3. Preparation of ammonium polyphosphate and dye co-intercalated LDH/polypropylene composites with enhanced flame retardant and UV resistance properties

Author:
Liu, Yuan; Gao, Yanshan; Zhang, Zhang; Wang, Qiang
Source:
Chemosphere 2021 v.277 pp. 130370
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; absorption; adsorption; ammonium polyphosphates; heat; polypropylenes; temperature;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this paper, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with flame retardant performance and acid red 88 (AR88) with UV absorption property were intercalated into layered double hydroxide (LDH) interlayers together, aiming to improve the flame retardancy and UV resistance properties of polypropylene (PP) simultaneous in one system. The synthesized LDHs and PP/LDH composites were characterized systematically a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130370

4. Environmentally-benign, water-based covalent polymer network for flame retardant cotton

Author:
Zhao, Bin; Kolibaba, Thomas J.; Lazar, Simone; Grunlan, Jaime C.
Source:
Cellulose 2021 v.28 no.9 pp. 5855-5866
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; cellulose; chlorides; cotton; cotton fabric; polyethyleneimine; pyrolysis; transportation;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Relatively simple flame retardant finishing technologies for cotton are greatly desired in a variety of fire-sensitive applications (e.g., transportation, workwear, etc.). Many current industrial processes take advantage of halogen-containing flame retardants or require complicated processing. This study demonstrates a simple and halogen-free flame retardant treatment for cotton, which proceeds vi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-021-03874-y

5. High-efficiency phosphorus/nitrogen-containing flame retardant on epoxy resin

Author:
Wang, Donghui; Liu, Quanyi; Peng, Xiaoliang; Liu, Chuanbang; Li, Zekun; Li, Zhifa; Wang, Rui; Zheng, Penglun; Zhang, Hui
Source:
Polymer degradation and stability 2021 v.187 pp. 109544
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; bisphenol A; combustion; crosslinking; degradation; epoxides; phosphorus; polymers;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... A phosphorus/nitrogen-containing compound (named DOPO-BAPh) was synthesized via the graft reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and bisphenol A bis(phthalonitrile) containing benzoxazine. The flame retardancy of DOPO-BAPh was investigated on epoxy resin (EP). The results showed that DOPO-BAPh catalyzed the curing reaction of due to the phenolic hydroxyl groups ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109544

6. Construction of few-layered black phosphorus/graphite-like carbon nitride binary hybrid nanostructure for reducing the fire hazards of epoxy resin

Author:
Ren, Xiyun; Zou, Bin; Zhou, Yifan; Zhao, Zhixin; Qiu, Shuilai; Song, Lei
Source:
Journal of colloid and interface science 2021 v.586 pp. 692-707
ISSN:
0021-9797
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; carbon nitride; epoxides; heat; hybridization; nanocomposites; phosphorus; smoke;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Black phosphorus (BP) and graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) were combined to prepare BP-CN hybrid nanostructure through a simple self-assembly method assisted by ultra-sonication, and as-obtained materials were further used as fire retardants introduced into epoxy resin to fabricate EP/BP-CNx nanocomposites. It was found that the introduction of 2 wt% BP-CNx into EP contributed to considerable ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.139

7. Modeling the relationship between emerging and persistent organic contaminants in water, sediment and oysters from a temperate lagoon

Author:
Stoichev, Teodor; Marques, António; Almeida, Cristina Marisa R.
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2021 v.164 pp. 111994
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; hydrophobicity; marine pollution; octanol; pyrethrins; seasonal variation; sediments;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The concentrations of emerging and persistent organic contaminants (EPOC) in oysters (CO) from Aveiro Lagoon are represented as a function of their concentrations in water (CW) and sediment (CS) using linear and generalized additive models (LM, GAM). Additionally, four sampling seasons, octanol/water partition coefficients (K) and type of EPOC (pyrethroids, flame-retardants, musks, UV filters, pol ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111994

8. Valorization of fly ash as a harmless flame retardant via carbonation treatment for enhanced fire-proofing performance and mechanical properties of silicone composites

Author:
Kim, Yongha; Hwang, Sosan; Choi, Jounghwan; Lee, Jaewon; Yu, Kwangsun; Baeck, Sung-Hyeon; Shim, Sang Eun; Qian, Yingjie
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2021 v.404 pp. 124202
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; carbon dioxide; carbonation; fly ash; rubber; silicone; wettability;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Owing to the environmental and economic problems arising from fly ash (FA), there have been various ongoing efforts over the past decades to find a use for it. Among the various applications of FA, its use as a filler in polymer composites has gained much attention. However, most studies have applied FA as a semi-reinforcing filler, which only marginally improves mechanical properties arising from ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124202

9. A research on effect of surface treatment conditions on flammability and water repellency properties of drapery fabrics produced from micro polyester yarns

Author:
Karakan Günaydın, Gizem; Çeven, Erhan Kenan; Gürarda, Ayça; Akgün, Mine
Source:
The journal of the Textile Institute 2021 v.112 no.2 pp. 233-242
ISSN:
1754-2340
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; air; fabrics; flammability; hydrophobicity; perfluorocarbons; permeability; polyesters;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flame retardancy and water repellency are frequently applied finishing processes for drapery fabrics. These two treatments should require special attention when they are applied consecutively. This research aims to investigate the effect of sequential finishing processes by utilizing of different flame retardant chemical ratio (0, 60 and 90 g/l) and fluorocarbon based water repelling substance rat ...
DOI:
10.1080/00405000.2020.1736425

10. Rapid electrochemical reduction of a typical chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardant on copper foam: degradation kinetics and mechanisms

Author:
Yang, Liansheng; Huang, Chuyi; Yin, Ze; Meng, Jiaqi; Guo, Min; Feng, Li; Liu, Yongze; Zhang, Liqiu; Du, Ziwen
Source:
Chemosphere 2021 v.264 pp. 128515
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; cathodes; electrochemistry; foams; humic substances; oxidation; phosphates;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... With the widespread use, chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants (Cl-OPFRs) as a new emerging contaminant have been widely detected in water environments over the last few years. In this study, the degradation of a typical Cl-OPFR, TCEP (tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate), by electrochemical reduction was investigated. It was found that copper (Cu) foam as the cathode showed more rapid and effe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128515

11. Chemical modification of natural fibres to epoxy laminate for lightweight constructions

Author:
Gieparda, Weronika; Rojewski, Szymon; Wüstenhagen, Sven; Kicinska-Jakubowska, Anna; Krombholz, Andreas
Source:
Composites 2021 v.140 pp. 106171
ISSN:
1359-835X
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; computed tomography; epoxides; fabrics; flammability; porosity; silanes; thermodynamics;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim was to modify products made of natural fibres in order to reduce the composite porosity, reduce flammability and improve the mechanical properties of epoxy laminates. In order to obtain desired properties chemical modification of roving and fabric with use of silanization and flame retardant treatment was conducted. For this purpose different types of silanes and flame retardant compounds ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.106171

12. Flame retardant composites of ladder phenyl/vinyl polysilsesquioxane-reinforced vinyl ester

Author:
Zhang, Weiwei; Qin, Zhaolu; Lan, Yanhua; Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Wenchao; Pan, Yetang; Yang, Rongjie
Source:
Journal of materials science 2021 v.56 no.1 pp. 457-473
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; absorbance; combustion; heat; polyesters; smoke; solubility; thermal stability;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... An unsaturated ladder phenyl/vinyl polysilsesquioxane (PhVPOSS) was synthesized and applied to vinyl ester resin (VER) thermosets. The compatibility, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and combustion behavior of the VER-PhVPOSS composites were further investigated. As a result, the PhVPOSS and VER had a good compatibility and interaction based on the solubility parameters and Flory–Huggins ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-020-05281-3

13. Influence of halloysite nanotubes onto the fire properties of polymer based composites: A review

Author:
Jasinski, Euphrasie; Bounor-Legaré, Véronique; Taguet, Aurélie; Beyou, Emmanuel
Source:
Polymer degradation and stability 2021 v.183 pp. 109407
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; ammonium polyphosphates; degradation; halloysite; nanotubes; thermoplastics;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fire retardancy is of crucial importance for most of the polymer applications and fire proofing materials are often based on polymer blends with high fire retardants contents (up to 60wt%) which induce cost increase and lower mechanical performances. The use of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as fire retardant allows maintaining good mechanical properties but it can be removed from the polymer matrix ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109407

14. Quantifying production of hot firebrands using a fire-resistant fabric

Author:
Adusumilli, Sampath; Hudson, Tyler; Gardner, Nathan; Blunck, David L.
Source:
The International journal of wildland fire 2021 v.30 no.2 pp. 154-159
ISSN:
1049-8001
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; fabrics; fire resistance; fire spread; temperature; wildfires;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Identifying the number of firebrands generated during wildfires is an important aspect of understanding their propagation. A key challenge in quantifying the number of firebrands released is to distinguish those that are ‘hot’ and could lead to further fire spread from the total number released. Recently, a fire-resistant fabric was used to quantify the number of ‘hot’ firebrands released from dif ...
DOI:
10.1071/WF20051

15. Durable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding ramie fabric with excellent flame retardancy and Self-healing performance

Author:
Cheng, Wenhua; Zhang, Yan; Tao, Youji; Lu, Jingyi; Liu, Jiajia; Wang, Bibo; Song, Lei; Jie, Ganxin; Hu, Yuan
Source:
Journal of colloid and interface science 2021 v.602 pp. 810-821
ISSN:
0021-9797
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; ammonium polyphosphates; durability; electrical conductivity; electromagnetic interference; fabrics; fire safety; heat; pollution; ramie;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Although more and more attention has been paid to electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding fabric materials due to increasing electromagnetic waves pollution, little attention to their fire safety behavior and durability in practical use. Herein, durable EMI shielding ramie fabric with flame retardant and self-healing performance were fabricated by depositing ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/polye ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.159

16. Skin-inspired thermoelectric nanocoating for temperature sensing and fire safety

Author:
Xie, Huali; Lai, Xuejun; Li, Hongqiang; Gao, Jiefeng; Zeng, Xingrong
Source:
Journal of colloid and interface science 2021 v.602 pp. 756-766
ISSN:
0021-9797
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; electronic equipment; fire safety; heat; polypropylenes; skin (animal); smoke; temperature;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Temperature sensing enables flammable materials to respond intelligently at high temperature, which is conducive to further improving their fire safety. However, it is still challenging to develop a smart nanocoating with sensitive temperature-sensing and efficient flame retardancy. Inspired by human skin, a thermoelectric flame retardant (TE-FR) nanocoating was fabricated by combining a dermis-mi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.054

17. Mechanical and flame retardant performance of fiberglass-reinforced polysilsesquioxane interpenetrated with poly(ethylene glycol)-urethane

Author:
Zhang, Weiwei; Zhang, Xin; Qin, Zhaolu; Zhang, Wenchao; Yang, Rongjie
Source:
Composites 2021 v.149 pp. 106490
ISSN:
1359-835X
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; heat; heat tolerance; modulus of rupture; smoke; styrene; thermal conductivity;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) is designed through sequential optimization. The original polymer network is constructed using rigid polysilsesquioxane (PMPOSS) and styrene, while the second polymer network is composed of flexible poly(hexamethylene diisocyanate) (PHMDI) and poly(ethylene glycol). The designed IPN system, referred to as PMPP, shows a maximum flexural strength that is 272 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106490

18. Preparation of nano-Mg(OH)2 for surface coating of silk fabric with improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression

Author:
Zhang, Chen; Cheng, Xian-Wei; Guan, Jin-Ping; Chen, Guoqiang
Source:
Colloids and surfaces 2021 v.625 pp. 126868
ISSN:
0927-7757
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; durability; fire safety; heat; polysorbates; risk; silk; silk fabric; smoke;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nano-magnesium hydroxide (nano-Mg(OH)₂) serves as a promising flame retardant (FR) filler for plastics, but it remains a challenge to endow textiles with effective and durable FR ability. In the present work, Mg(OH)₂ nanoparticles with an average diameter of 68 nm were prepared via the double precipitation method with Tween 80 as surface modifier. Then, nano-Mg(OH)₂ was used to prepare the functio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126868

19. Novel metal-free in-plane functionalized graphitic carbon nitride with graphene quantum dots for effective photodegradation of 4-bromophenol

Author:
Shanker Sahu, Rama; Dubey, Abhishek; Shih, Yang-hsin
Source:
Carbon 2021 v.182 pp. 89-99
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; carbon nitride; durability; graphene; hydrophilicity; light; photocatalysis; photocatalysts; photolysis;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The current study reveals the in-plane induction of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) into exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride to generate greener material for visible light driven photodegradation of 4–bromophenol, a novel brominated flame retardant. The physical and electrochemical analysis shows the GQDs induction within the exfoliated carbon nitride (CN-Ex), generating new impurities, thus exploiti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2021.05.033

20. Preparation of magnetic powdered carbon/nano-Fe3O4 composite for efficient adsorption and degradation of trichloropropyl phosphate from water

Author:
Wang, Wei; Zhou, Shuangxi; Li, Rui; Peng, Yongjun; Sun, Chang; Vakili, Mohammadtaghi; Yu, Gang; Deng, Shubo
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2021 v.416 pp. 125765
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
flame retardants,   etc   ; adsorbents; adsorption; carbon; catalytic activity; human health; magnetic separation; magnetism; organophosphorus compounds; phosphates; pollutants;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP) as a widely used typical chlorinated organophosphate flame retardant has received significant attention because of its widespread presence in water and negative effects on human health. In this study, a ball-milling method was used to prepare a magnetic powdered carbon adsorbent (PC/nano-Fe₃O₄ composite) for TCPP removal via adsorption and catalytic degradation. Th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125765