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- Author:
- Kim, Wookyung; Anraku, Satoshi; Endo, Takuma; Choi, Kwangseok
- Source:
- Powder technology 2020 v.372 pp. 694-702
- ISSN:
- 0032-5910
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; dust; explosions; leucine; propane; stoichiometry; Show all 6 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... The minimum explosible concentration (MEC) and flame propagation behaviors of propane/L-leucine powder hybrid mixtures were experimentally investigated. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the MEC values decreased as the propane concentration increased. Additionally, the findings of the analysis proved that the flame propagation limitation in dust explosions increased with the increase ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.107
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.107
- Author:
- Kang, Yinhu; Wang, Qiang; Zhang, Pengyuan; Liu, Congcong; Lu, Xiaofeng; Wang, Quanhai
- Source:
- Energy 2020 v.193 pp. 116786
- ISSN:
- 0360-5442
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; combustion; fire safety; hydrocarbons; models; oxygen; Show all 6 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... Flame extinction which belongs to one of the most important limit combustion phenomena plays a vital role in the combustion safety, efficiency, and stability, and additionally, it is also important for fire safety research. Hence studies on the flame extinction mechanism is of fundamental and practical significances in the combustion science. In this paper, the structure dynamics and extinction me ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116786
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116786
- Author:
- Pan, Jianfeng; Zhang, Chenxin; Pan, Zhenhua; Wu, Di; Zhu, Yuejin; Lu, Qingbo; Zhang, Yi
- Source:
- Energy 2020 v.190 pp. 116465
- ISSN:
- 0360-5442
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; combustion; combustion efficiency; gases; methane; oxygen; Show all 6 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... A micro combustor inserted with a bluff body ball was developed and compared with the conventional combustor. The combustion characteristics (flammability limits, stable flame propagation and combustion efficiency) of methane/oxygen mixture in the micro combustor with bluff body ball were experimentally and numerically investigated. The results show that bluff body ball could broaden flammability ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116465
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116465
- Author:
- Garskaite, Edita; Karlsson, Olov; Stankeviciute, Zivile; Kareiva, Aivaras; Jones, Dennis; Sandberg, Dick
- Source:
- RSC advances 2019 v.9 no.58 pp. 34086-34087
- ISSN:
- 2046-2069
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; hardness; reinforced wood; Show all 3 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... Correction for ‘Surface hardness and flammability of Na₂SiO₃ and nano-TiO₂ reinforced wood composites’ by Edita Garskaite et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 27973–27986. ...
- DOI:
- 10.1039/c9ra90075f
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra90075f
- Author:
- Tian, Hua; Liu, Yuewei; Shu, Gequn; Li, Linqing; Huo, Xu
- Source:
- Energy 2019 v.167 pp. 939-949
- ISSN:
- 0360-5442
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; heat recovery; temperature; Show all 3 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... As an effective waste heat recovery technique, the hydrocarbon-CO2 mixture based Rankine cycle is always operating on a specific temperature, which has a noticeable influence on flammability limits. Thus it is critical to research flammability limit of hydrocarbon-CO2 at various initial temperatures. Focusing on the hydrocarbon-CO2 mixture, this paper first measured its flammability limits at diff ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.136
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.136
- Author:
- Tao, Shangqing; Fang, Jun; Zhao, Luyao; Wang, Jingwu; Shah, Hassan Raza; Hu, Longhua; Yang, Lizhong
- Source:
- Fire safety journal 2020 v.116 pp. 103203
- ISSN:
- 0379-7112
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; burning; energy balance; gases; microgravity; oxygen; temperature; Show all 7 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... Recently, to simulate microgravity flames in a terrestrial environment, low stretched stagnation-point diffusion flames have aroused wide interest, while the extinction behaviors of varied stretched flames at reduced oxygen concentration were scarcely investigated. This issue was accomplished by an investigation in this paper. Firstly, local and total extinction modes with ‘U’-shape boundaries wer ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103203
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103203
- Author:
- He, Xuanze; Wang, Jingwu; Fang, Jun
- Source:
- Fire safety journal 2020 pp. 103042
- ISSN:
- 0379-7112
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; aircraft; altitude; fire hazard; heat; oxygen; paper; spacecraft; Show all 8 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... Understanding material flammability properties and flame spread rates are important to mitigate fire hazards in high altitude areas, aircraft and spacecraft. Limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) has been widely studied in these conditions, but flame spread near extinction limits has been rarely reported. In this work, the experimental study of horizontal near-limit flame spread over paper is invest ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103042
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103042
- Author:
- Zare, Saeid; Lo, Hao Wei; Roy, Shrabanti; Askari, Omid
- Source:
- Energy 2020 v.197 pp. 117185
- ISSN:
- 0360-5442
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; air; burners; chemiluminescence; electric field; energy; methane; photography; Show all 8 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... Interest in methane has grown recently because of its encouraging characteristics. However, methane comes with serious concerns regarding stability and flammability limitations. Some methods have been proposed to improve the ignition characteristics of methane in diffusion flame burners such as electrical fields, dielectric barrier discharge, and low-temperature plasma. In this study, an innovativ ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117185
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117185
- Author:
- Hu, Xianzhong; Xie, Qinghua; Yu, Qingbo; Liu, Hui; Yan, Fusheng
- Source:
- Energy & fuels 2020 v.34 no.4 pp. 4993-4998
- ISSN:
- 1520-5029
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; carbon dioxide; combustion; heat; oxygen; propane; specific heat; temperature; Show all 8 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... This paper presents the results of the lower flammability limit (LFL) of C₃H₈/O₂/CO₂ at normal temperature and pressure. The LFL of the C₃H₈/O₂/CO₂ mixture was measured with an explosion vessel. The measured LFL of propane increased approximately linearly from 2.5% to 4.3% with the CO₂ concentration rising from 5% to 70%. CO₂ participates in element reactions, which decreases the combustion heat a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00601
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00601
- Author:
- Zhang, Qi; Qian, Xinming; Chen, Yuying; Yuan, Mengqi
- Source:
- Journal of cleaner production 2020 v.250 pp. 119572
- ISSN:
- 0959-6526
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; chemical reactions; explosive hazards; industry; liquid petroleum gas; Show all 5 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... The deflagration shock wave evolution regimes and explosion hazards of DME (dimethyl ether)/LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) blended clean fuel under equivalence ratio of Φ = 0.8–1.6 and initial pressure of P₀ = 101–201 kPa were investigated systematically. The results indicate that the DME/LPG blended fuel under rich-fuel condition is of higher chemical reactivity, greater explosion hazard and is mo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119572
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119572
- Author:
- Alipoor, Alireza; Mazaheri, Kiumars
- Source:
- Energy 2020 v.194 pp. 116852
- ISSN:
- 0360-5442
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; combustion; energy; equations; mathematical models; reaction kinetics; temperature; Show all 7 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... In the present work, flame dynamics are extracted for combustion of premixed lean hydrogen-air in a heated microchannel using numerical simulation. In this simulation, Navier-Stokes equations along with energy and species conservation equations are considered by formulation of low Mach number and with consideration of detail chemical kinetics. Regarding different conditions, three dynamics are obs ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116852
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116852
- Author:
- Colomb, Matthias A.; Straight, Stephen D.; Hanaue, Yasuhiro
- Source:
- Industrial & engineering chemistry process design and development 2020 v.59 no.7 pp. 2696-2707
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; air; byproducts; energy; equipment; manufacturing; polymers; silicon; Japan; Show all 9 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... The process of making ultrapure polysilicon by the Siemens process results in an unwanted secondary reaction forming oligomers and polymers containing a silicon backbone. These byproducts accumulate in the exhaust piping and downstream equipment used in the polysilicon manufacturing process. They become extremely dangerous when exposed to moisture, including moisture contained in ambient air, beco ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06363
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06363
- Author:
- Leungcharoenwattana, Tuangrat; Jitkarnka, Sirirat
- Source:
- Journal of cleaner production 2020 v.273 pp. 123201
- ISSN:
- 0959-6526
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; biomass; catalysts; diffusivity; ethanol; fossil fuels; glycerol; hydrogen; zirconium; zirconium oxide; Show all 10 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... Nowadays, the increasing environmental concerns and the reduction of fossil fuels are the reasons for the enlargement of transformation processes from biomass to useful compounds. 1,2-propanediol, produced from the hydrogenolysis of glycerol, is prominent to uses in various applications. However, the reaction needs hydrogen as a significant factor; therefore, most of the published articles reporte ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123201
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123201
- Author:
- Cheng, Xian-Wei; Huang, Yi-Ting; Zhang, Chen; Gu, Wen-Wen; Ma, Yi-Dan; Shi, Feng-Yi; Guan, Jin-Ping
- Source:
- Journal of cleaner production 2020 v.266 pp. 121977
- ISSN:
- 0959-6526
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; adsorption; color; durability; flame retardants; glucose; heat; silk; silk fabric; tensile strength; washing; Show all 11 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... This study aimed at the preparation of caramel product by heating glucose at alkaline condition and its application to develop flame retardant silk fabric. Caramel product was employed to silk through a facile exhaustion approach, and the adsorption property, color depth, flame retardancy and washing durability of caramel on silk fabric were investigated. The adsorption of caramel product on silk ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121977
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121977
- Author:
- Reuter, Jens; Greiner, Lara; Kukla, Philipp; Döring, Manfred
- Source:
- Polymer degradation and stability 2020 v.178 pp. 109134
- ISSN:
- 0141-3910
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; aluminum; ammonium polyphosphates; burning; calorimetry; flame retardants; phosphorus; polyesters; scanning electron microscopy; thermal stability; thermogravimetry; Show all 11 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... The flame retardant effects of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in combination with different mineral flame retardants as well as the combination of APP and phosphorus based flame retardants in unsaturated polyester resin was investigated. Flammability and thermal stability of unsaturated polyester (UP) composites were evaluated with UL-94 vertical burning, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and cone cal ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109134
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109134
- Author:
- Caruso Fermé, Laura; Théry-Parisot, Isabelle
- Source:
- Journal of archaeological science: Reports 2020 v.32 pp. 102378
- ISSN:
- 2352-409X
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; Nothofagus pumilio; archaeology; branches; charcoal; combustion; fuelwood; heat; tree trunk; Argentina; Show all 10 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... The patterns in the use of wood for fuel by hunter-gatherer societies are shaped by the mobility, duration and function of different occupations. Indeed, many of the fuel properties of wood (flammability, lighting, combustion kinetics, heat), and therefore the functions of fire, depend on the size of its fuel. Consequently, the study and determination of the diameter of archaeological firewood is ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102378
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102378
- Author:
- Zhang, Tongling; Kuga, Shigenori; Wu, Min; Huang, Yong
- Source:
- ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering 2020 v.8 no.33 pp. 12360-12365
- ISSN:
- 2168-0485
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; calorimeters; chitin; combustion; flame retardants; heat; oxygen; paper; phosphorus pentoxide; phosphorylation; tensile strength; Show all 11 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... Chitin nanofibril-based flame retardant was developed by disintegrating chitin by ball-mill, followed by phosphorylation with P₂O₅. The combustion performance of the paper loaded with the product was evaluated by a microcombustion calorimeter, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and flammability test; paper loaded with 30% retardant gave LOI of 30%, peak heat release rate 62% lower than the control paper ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02016
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02016
- Author:
- Connolly, A.; Midgley, J.J.
- Source:
- South African journal of botany 2020 v.131 pp. 380-383
- ISSN:
- 0254-6299
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; Protea; burning; calcium; canopy; leaves; nutrients; plant establishment; seedlings; seeds; Show all 10 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... Firstly, we show that dead leaf retention occurs in three Cape Protea species and that it is not correlated with a prolonged live leaf retention. Protea amplexicaulis retains dead leaves for up to six years and was used as a focal species. Two hypotheses for the adaptive significance of dead leaf retention in Proteaceae have been previously suggested: that dead leaves increase flammability thus pr ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.03.014
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.03.014
- Author:
- Kuan, Yong-Hao; Wu, Fang-Hsien; Chen, Guan-Bang; Lin, Hsien-Tsung; Lin, Ta-Hui
- Source:
- Energy 2020 v.201 pp. 117559
- ISSN:
- 0360-5442
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; burning; combustion; droplets; fuel oils; heat; pyrolysis oils; sewage sludge; temperature; thermogravimetry; volatilization; Show all 11 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... An investigation was performed to determine the heating characteristics of sludge pyrolysis oil (SPO), heavy fuel oil (HFO), and their blends. The ignition temperature, burnout temperature, flammability index (C), and combustion characteristics index (S) of various fuels were evaluated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the heating behavior of the SPO, HFO droplets, and their b ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117559
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117559
- Author:
- Michelaki, Chrysanthi; Fyllas, Nikolaos M.; Galanidis, Alexandros; Aloupi, Maria; Evangelou, Eleftherios; Arianoutsou, Margarita; Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G.
- Source:
- The Science of the total environment 2020 v.718 pp. 137437
- ISSN:
- 0048-9697
- Subject:
- flammability, etc ; economics; ecosystems; fire regime; global change; heat; leaves; meteorological data; reproduction; resource allocation; soil; vegetation; Show all 12 Subjects
- Abstract:
- ... Fire affects and is affected by leaf functional traits indicative of resource allocation trade-offs. Global change drivers constrain both the resource-use strategies and flammability of coexisting species. However, small attention has been given in identifying links among flammability and plant economics. Ambiguity comes from the fact that flammability is a multidimensional trait. Different flamma ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137437
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137437