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1. Flammability and flame propagation of propane/L-leucine powder hybrid mixtures

Author:
Kim, Wookyung; Anraku, Satoshi; Endo, Takuma; Choi, Kwangseok
Source:
Powder technology 2020 v.372 pp. 694-702
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; dust; explosions; leucine; propane; stoichiometry;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The minimum explosible concentration (MEC) and flame propagation behaviors of propane/L-leucine powder hybrid mixtures were experimentally investigated. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the MEC values decreased as the propane concentration increased. Additionally, the findings of the analysis proved that the flame propagation limitation in dust explosions increased with the increase ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.107

2. Study on flame structure and extinction mechanism of dimethyl ether spherical diffusion flames

Author:
Kang, Yinhu; Wang, Qiang; Zhang, Pengyuan; Liu, Congcong; Lu, Xiaofeng; Wang, Quanhai
Source:
Energy 2020 v.193 pp. 116786
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; combustion; fire safety; hydrocarbons; models; oxygen;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flame extinction which belongs to one of the most important limit combustion phenomena plays a vital role in the combustion safety, efficiency, and stability, and additionally, it is also important for fire safety research. Hence studies on the flame extinction mechanism is of fundamental and practical significances in the combustion science. In this paper, the structure dynamics and extinction me ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2019.116786

3. Investigation on the effect of bluff body ball on the combustion characteristics for methane/oxygen in micro combustor

Author:
Pan, Jianfeng; Zhang, Chenxin; Pan, Zhenhua; Wu, Di; Zhu, Yuejin; Lu, Qingbo; Zhang, Yi
Source:
Energy 2020 v.190 pp. 116465
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; combustion; combustion efficiency; gases; methane; oxygen;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... A micro combustor inserted with a bluff body ball was developed and compared with the conventional combustor. The combustion characteristics (flammability limits, stable flame propagation and combustion efficiency) of methane/oxygen mixture in the micro combustor with bluff body ball were experimentally and numerically investigated. The results show that bluff body ball could broaden flammability ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2019.116465

4. Correction: Surface hardness and flammability of Na₂SiO₃ and nano-TiO₂ reinforced wood composites

Author:
Garskaite, Edita; Karlsson, Olov; Stankeviciute, Zivile; Kareiva, Aivaras; Jones, Dennis; Sandberg, Dick
Source:
RSC advances 2019 v.9 no.58 pp. 34086-34087
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; hardness; reinforced wood;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Correction for ‘Surface hardness and flammability of Na₂SiO₃ and nano-TiO₂ reinforced wood composites’ by Edita Garskaite et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 27973–27986. ...
DOI:
10.1039/c9ra90075f

5. Theoretical and experimental research on the influence of initial temperature on the flammability of hydrocarbon-CO2 mixture using in organic Rankine cycle

Author:
Tian, Hua; Liu, Yuewei; Shu, Gequn; Li, Linqing; Huo, Xu
Source:
Energy 2019 v.167 pp. 939-949
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; heat recovery; temperature;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... As an effective waste heat recovery technique, the hydrocarbon-CO2 mixture based Rankine cycle is always operating on a specific temperature, which has a noticeable influence on flammability limits. Thus it is critical to research flammability limit of hydrocarbon-CO2 at various initial temperatures. Focusing on the hydrocarbon-CO2 mixture, this paper first measured its flammability limits at diff ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.136

6. Flammability and critical parameters at low oxygen extinction limit of stagnation-point diffusion flames with varied stretch rates

Author:
Tao, Shangqing; Fang, Jun; Zhao, Luyao; Wang, Jingwu; Shah, Hassan Raza; Hu, Longhua; Yang, Lizhong
Source:
Fire safety journal 2020 v.116 pp. 103203
ISSN:
0379-7112
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; burning; energy balance; gases; microgravity; oxygen; temperature;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recently, to simulate microgravity flames in a terrestrial environment, low stretched stagnation-point diffusion flames have aroused wide interest, while the extinction behaviors of varied stretched flames at reduced oxygen concentration were scarcely investigated. This issue was accomplished by an investigation in this paper. Firstly, local and total extinction modes with ‘U’-shape boundaries wer ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103203

7. Flammability limits and near-limit chemistry controlled flame spread over thermally thin paper under sub-atmospheric pressure

Author:
He, Xuanze; Wang, Jingwu; Fang, Jun
Source:
Fire safety journal 2020 pp. 103042
ISSN:
0379-7112
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; aircraft; altitude; fire hazard; heat; oxygen; paper; spacecraft;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Understanding material flammability properties and flame spread rates are important to mitigate fire hazards in high altitude areas, aircraft and spacecraft. Limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) has been widely studied in these conditions, but flame spread near extinction limits has been rarely reported. In this work, the experimental study of horizontal near-limit flame spread over paper is invest ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103042

8. On the low-temperature plasma discharge in methane/air diffusion flames

Author:
Zare, Saeid; Lo, Hao Wei; Roy, Shrabanti; Askari, Omid
Source:
Energy 2020 v.197 pp. 117185
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; air; burners; chemiluminescence; electric field; energy; methane; photography;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Interest in methane has grown recently because of its encouraging characteristics. However, methane comes with serious concerns regarding stability and flammability limitations. Some methods have been proposed to improve the ignition characteristics of methane in diffusion flame burners such as electrical fields, dielectric barrier discharge, and low-temperature plasma. In this study, an innovativ ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2020.117185

9. Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Lower Flammability Limit of Propane in O₂/CO₂ Atmosphere

Author:
Hu, Xianzhong; Xie, Qinghua; Yu, Qingbo; Liu, Hui; Yan, Fusheng
Source:
Energy & fuels 2020 v.34 no.4 pp. 4993-4998
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; carbon dioxide; combustion; heat; oxygen; propane; specific heat; temperature;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper presents the results of the lower flammability limit (LFL) of C₃H₈/O₂/CO₂ at normal temperature and pressure. The LFL of the C₃H₈/O₂/CO₂ mixture was measured with an explosion vessel. The measured LFL of propane increased approximately linearly from 2.5% to 4.3% with the CO₂ concentration rising from 5% to 70%. CO₂ participates in element reactions, which decreases the combustion heat a ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00601

10. Deflagration shock wave dynamics of DME/LPG blended clean fuel under the coupling effect of initial pressure and equivalence ratio in elongated closed space

Author:
Zhang, Qi; Qian, Xinming; Chen, Yuying; Yuan, Mengqi
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2020 v.250 pp. 119572
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; chemical reactions; explosive hazards; industry; liquid petroleum gas;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The deflagration shock wave evolution regimes and explosion hazards of DME (dimethyl ether)/LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) blended clean fuel under equivalence ratio of Φ = 0.8–1.6 and initial pressure of P₀ = 101–201 kPa were investigated systematically. The results indicate that the DME/LPG blended fuel under rich-fuel condition is of higher chemical reactivity, greater explosion hazard and is mo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119572

11. Maps of flame dynamics for premixed lean hydrogen-air combustion in a heated microchannel

Author:
Alipoor, Alireza; Mazaheri, Kiumars
Source:
Energy 2020 v.194 pp. 116852
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; combustion; energy; equations; mathematical models; reaction kinetics; temperature;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the present work, flame dynamics are extracted for combustion of premixed lean hydrogen-air in a heated microchannel using numerical simulation. In this simulation, Navier-Stokes equations along with energy and species conservation equations are considered by formulation of low Mach number and with consideration of detail chemical kinetics. Regarding different conditions, three dynamics are obs ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2019.116852

12. Characterization and Hazards of the Silicon-Based Polymers Produced in the Manufacture of Ultrapure Polysilicon

Author:
Colomb, Matthias A.; Straight, Stephen D.; Hanaue, Yasuhiro
Source:
Industrial & engineering chemistry process design and development 2020 v.59 no.7 pp. 2696-2707
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; air; byproducts; energy; equipment; manufacturing; polymers; silicon; Japan;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The process of making ultrapure polysilicon by the Siemens process results in an unwanted secondary reaction forming oligomers and polymers containing a silicon backbone. These byproducts accumulate in the exhaust piping and downstream equipment used in the polysilicon manufacturing process. They become extremely dangerous when exposed to moisture, including moisture contained in ambient air, beco ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06363

13. Bio-based chemical production from glycerol conversion with ethanol co-feeding over Zr-promoted MgAl-layered double oxide catalysts: Impact of zirconium location

Author:
Leungcharoenwattana, Tuangrat; Jitkarnka, Sirirat
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2020 v.273 pp. 123201
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; biomass; catalysts; diffusivity; ethanol; fossil fuels; glycerol; hydrogen; zirconium; zirconium oxide;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nowadays, the increasing environmental concerns and the reduction of fossil fuels are the reasons for the enlargement of transformation processes from biomass to useful compounds. 1,2-propanediol, produced from the hydrogenolysis of glycerol, is prominent to uses in various applications. However, the reaction needs hydrogen as a significant factor; therefore, most of the published articles reporte ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123201

14. Caramel product from glucose as a sustainable and effective flame retardant for silk fabric

Author:
Cheng, Xian-Wei; Huang, Yi-Ting; Zhang, Chen; Gu, Wen-Wen; Ma, Yi-Dan; Shi, Feng-Yi; Guan, Jin-Ping
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2020 v.266 pp. 121977
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; adsorption; color; durability; flame retardants; glucose; heat; silk; silk fabric; tensile strength; washing;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study aimed at the preparation of caramel product by heating glucose at alkaline condition and its application to develop flame retardant silk fabric. Caramel product was employed to silk through a facile exhaustion approach, and the adsorption property, color depth, flame retardancy and washing durability of caramel on silk fabric were investigated. The adsorption of caramel product on silk ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121977

15. Efficient flame retardant interplay of unsaturated polyester resin formulations based on ammonium polyphosphate

Author:
Reuter, Jens; Greiner, Lara; Kukla, Philipp; Döring, Manfred
Source:
Polymer degradation and stability 2020 v.178 pp. 109134
ISSN:
0141-3910
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; aluminum; ammonium polyphosphates; burning; calorimetry; flame retardants; phosphorus; polyesters; scanning electron microscopy; thermal stability; thermogravimetry;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The flame retardant effects of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in combination with different mineral flame retardants as well as the combination of APP and phosphorus based flame retardants in unsaturated polyester resin was investigated. Flammability and thermal stability of unsaturated polyester (UP) composites were evaluated with UL-94 vertical burning, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and cone cal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109134

16. Fuel management in Patagonian hunter-gatherer groups: Evaluating the diameter of carbonized and non-carbonized wood from Cerro Casa de Piedra 7 site (Argentina)

Author:
Caruso Fermé, Laura; Théry-Parisot, Isabelle
Source:
Journal of archaeological science: Reports 2020 v.32 pp. 102378
ISSN:
2352-409X
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; Nothofagus pumilio; archaeology; branches; charcoal; combustion; fuelwood; heat; tree trunk; Argentina;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The patterns in the use of wood for fuel by hunter-gatherer societies are shaped by the mobility, duration and function of different occupations. Indeed, many of the fuel properties of wood (flammability, lighting, combustion kinetics, heat), and therefore the functions of fire, depend on the size of its fuel. Consequently, the study and determination of the diameter of archaeological firewood is ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102378

17. Chitin Nanofibril-Based Flame Retardant for Paper Application

Author:
Zhang, Tongling; Kuga, Shigenori; Wu, Min; Huang, Yong
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering 2020 v.8 no.33 pp. 12360-12365
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; calorimeters; chitin; combustion; flame retardants; heat; oxygen; paper; phosphorus pentoxide; phosphorylation; tensile strength;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chitin nanofibril-based flame retardant was developed by disintegrating chitin by ball-mill, followed by phosphorylation with P₂O₅. The combustion performance of the paper loaded with the product was evaluated by a microcombustion calorimeter, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and flammability test; paper loaded with 30% retardant gave LOI of 30%, peak heat release rate 62% lower than the control paper ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02016

18. Test of hypotheses for dead leaf retention in Protea

Author:
Connolly, A.; Midgley, J.J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2020 v.131 pp. 380-383
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; Protea; burning; calcium; canopy; leaves; nutrients; plant establishment; seedlings; seeds;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Firstly, we show that dead leaf retention occurs in three Cape Protea species and that it is not correlated with a prolonged live leaf retention. Protea amplexicaulis retains dead leaves for up to six years and was used as a focal species. Two hypotheses for the adaptive significance of dead leaf retention in Proteaceae have been previously suggested: that dead leaves increase flammability thus pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2020.03.014

19. Study of the combustion characteristics of sewage sludge pyrolysis oil, heavy fuel oil, and their blends

Author:
Kuan, Yong-Hao; Wu, Fang-Hsien; Chen, Guan-Bang; Lin, Hsien-Tsung; Lin, Ta-Hui
Source:
Energy 2020 v.201 pp. 117559
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; burning; combustion; droplets; fuel oils; heat; pyrolysis oils; sewage sludge; temperature; thermogravimetry; volatilization;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... An investigation was performed to determine the heating characteristics of sludge pyrolysis oil (SPO), heavy fuel oil (HFO), and their blends. The ignition temperature, burnout temperature, flammability index (C), and combustion characteristics index (S) of various fuels were evaluated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the heating behavior of the SPO, HFO droplets, and their b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2020.117559

20. Adaptive flammability syndromes in thermo-Mediterranean vegetation, captured by alternative resource-use strategies

Author:
Michelaki, Chrysanthi; Fyllas, Nikolaos M.; Galanidis, Alexandros; Aloupi, Maria; Evangelou, Eleftherios; Arianoutsou, Margarita; Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.718 pp. 137437
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
flammability,   etc   ; economics; ecosystems; fire regime; global change; heat; leaves; meteorological data; reproduction; resource allocation; soil; vegetation;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fire affects and is affected by leaf functional traits indicative of resource allocation trade-offs. Global change drivers constrain both the resource-use strategies and flammability of coexisting species. However, small attention has been given in identifying links among flammability and plant economics. Ambiguity comes from the fact that flammability is a multidimensional trait. Different flamma ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137437