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1. A deep-level region-based visual representation architecture for detecting strawberry flowers in an outdoor field

Author:
Lin, P.; Lee, W. S.; Chen, Y. M.; Peres, N.; Fraisse, C.
Source:
Precision agriculture 2020 v.21 no.2 pp. 387-402
ISSN:
1385-2256
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; cameras; fruit yield; lighting; models; strawberries;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... An accurate and robust strawberry flower representation and detection scheme is a key step to enable the reliable forecasting of fruit yield for use in precision agricultural applications. A state-of-the-art deep-level object detection framework which processes images through several layers using a region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) was developed to visually represent the instances ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11119-019-09673-7

2. A molecular update on the origin of the carpel

Author:
Becker, Annette
Source:
Current opinion in plant biology 2020 v.53 pp. 15-22
ISSN:
1369-5266
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; Arabidopsis thaliana; carpels; females; genes; phylogeny;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Carpels, the female reproductive organs of flowering plants, are of major economic importance since much of our food is ultimately derived from carpel tissue and they are a defining innovation for flowering plants. Amazingly, little is known about the origin and conservation of the developmental program of the carpel besides the knowledge generated by utilizing Arabidopsis thaliana. However, in th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.009

3. Modularity and evolution of flower shape: the role of function, development, and spandrels in Erica

Author:
Reich, Dieter; Berger, Andreas; von Balthazar, Maria; Chartier, Marion; Sherafati, Mahboubeh; Schönenberger, Jürg; Manafzadeh, Sara; Staedler, Yannick M.
Source:
Thenew phytologist 2020 v.226 no.1 pp. 267-280
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
flower morphology; flowers,   etc   ; Erica; ancestry; computed tomography; evolution; geometry; models; morphometry; pollen; pollination; pollinators;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flowers have been hypothesized to contain either modules of attraction and reproduction, functional modules (pollination‐effecting parts) or developmental modules (organ‐specific). Do pollination specialization and syndromes influence floral modularity? In order to test these hypotheses and answer this question, we focused on the genus Erica: we gathered 3D data from flowers of 19 species with div ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.16337
PubMed:
31765023
PubMed Central:
PMC7065081

4. Developmental basis for flower sex determination and effects of cytokinin on sex determination in Plukenetia volubilis (Euphorbiaceae)

Author:
Luo, Yan; Pan, Bang-Zhen; Li, Lu; Yang, Chen-Xuan; Xu, Zeng-Fu
Source:
Plant reproduction 2020 v.33 no.1 pp. 21-34
ISSN:
2194-7953
Subject:
female flowers; flower size; male flowers,   etc   ; Plukenetia volubilis; apical meristems; benzyladenine; cytokinins; females; feminization; flowering; gynoecium; light microscopy; males; scanning electron microscopy; sex determination;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE : Cytokinin might be an important factor to regulate floral sex at the very early stage of flower development in sacha inchi. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis, Euphorbiaceae) is characterized by having female and male flowers in a thyrse with particular differences. The mechanisms involved in the development of unisexual flowers are very poorly understood. In this study, the infloresc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00497-019-00382-9
PubMed:
31907610
PubMed Central:
PMC7069929

5. Correction to: Genetic variation and development of a SCAR marker of anemone-type flower in chrysanthemum

Author:
Yang, Xiaodong; Wu, Yangyang; Su, Jiangshuo; Ao, Ni; Guan, Zhiyong; Jiang, Jiafu; Chen, Sumei; Fang, Weimin; Chen, Fadi; Zhang, Fei
Source:
Molecular breeding 2019 v.39 no.5 pp. 68
ISSN:
1380-3743
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; Chrysanthemum; genetic variation;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The original article unfortunately contains an incorrect article type. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11032-019-0977-4

6. Four new quinolizidine alkaloids from the flowers of Sophora viciifolia

Author:
Gao, Dan-Dan; Zhang, Zhi-Jun; Li, Hong-Mei; Chen, Xuan-Qin; Liu, Dan; Li, Rong-Tao
Source:
Phytochemistry letters 2020 v.36 pp. 91-94
ISSN:
1874-3900
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; Sophora davidii; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; quinolizidine alkaloids; viruses;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Four new quinolizidine alkaloids, including three matrine-type alkaloids, 8α-hydroxysophocarpine (1), 13β-hydroxyoxymatrine (2), 9α-acetoxymatrine (3), and one sparteine-type alkaloid, 14β-hydroxylupanine (4), together with four known ones, were isolated from the flowers of Sophora viciifolia. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.phytol.2020.01.007

7. Imidacloprid impairs performance on a model flower handling task in bumblebees (Bombus impatiens)

Author:
Phelps, Jordan D.; Strang, Caroline G.; Sherry, David F.
Source:
Ecotoxicology 2020 v.29 no.3 pp. 359-374
ISSN:
0963-9292
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; Bombus impatiens; dose response; foraging; imidacloprid; learning; models; pollen;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bumblebees exposed to neonicotinoid pesticides collect less pollen on foraging trips. Exposed bumblebees are also slower to learn to handle flowers, which may account for reduced pollen collection. It is unclear, however, why neonicotinoid exposure slows learning to handle flowers. We investigated the effect of imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide, on bumblebee motor learning using a lab model ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10646-020-02182-8

8. Plasticity and habitat choice match colour to function in an ambush bug

Author:
Boyle, Julia; Start, Denon
Source:
Functional ecology 2020 v.34 no.4 pp. 822-829
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; Phymatidae; color; habitats; insects; phenotype; predators; surveys;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Individuals aim to maximize their fitness by matching their own phenotype to the optimum phenotype in their environment. Individuals can achieve matching through several mechanisms including habitat choice and adaptive plasticity. A key trait of interest to biologists is colour, with background matching reciprocally camouflaging predators and prey. However, the multiple mechanisms matching an indi ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.13528

9. Case Study: Range of Bush Plantings in Gardens Designed by Landscape Architect Josef Vaněk

Author:
Prokeš, R.
Source:
Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 2020 v.51 no.1 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
1805-9430
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; case studies; gardens; landscapes; monuments; planting; trees;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Identification of the original planting range used and its specific applications in the objects of historical landscape works can significantly help in art monuments reconstruction. Concerning the work of interwar Czech landscape architects, the issue of a perennial flower bed has been intensively studied. By the tree and bush floors, the problem is more complex. The work of Josef Kumpán has mostl ...
DOI:
10.2478/sab-2020-0001

10. Honey bees do not displace foraging bumble bees on nectar-rich artificial flowers

Author:
Iwasaki, Jay M.; Barratt, Barbara I. P.; Jandt, Jennifer M.; Jowett, Timothy W. D.; Lord, Janice M.; Mercer, Alison R.; Dickinson, Katharine J. M.
Source:
Apidologie 2020 v.51 no.1 pp. 137-146
ISSN:
0044-8435
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; Bombus; forage; foraging; greenhouses; honey bees; sucrose;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In an enclosed glasshouse with sucrose provisioned artificial flowers, we observed nectar-foraging bumble bees and honey bees under several resource conditions to determine potential for displacement. Different responses were displayed for varying resource treatments. Overall, bumble bees did not show reduced foraging in the presence of honey bees. When resources were reduced, bumble bees did not ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13592-019-00690-z

11. Light Emission in Betalains: From Fluorescent Flowers to Biotechnological Applications

Author:
Guerrero-Rubio, M. Alejandra; Escribano, Josefa; García-Carmona, Francisco; Gandía-Herrero, Fernando
Source:
Trends in plant science 2020 v.25 no.2 pp. 159-175
ISSN:
1360-1385
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; Caryophyllales; anthocyanins; betalains; fluorescence; microscopy; moieties; photobiology; photochemistry; screening;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The discovery of visible fluorescence in the plant pigments betalains revealed the existence of fluorescent patterns in flowers of plants of the order Caryophyllales, where betalains substitute anthocyanins. The serendipitous initial discovery led to a systemized characterization of the role of different substructures on the photophysical phenomenon. Strong fluorescence is general to all members o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tplants.2019.11.001

12. Two new species of Kaempferia subgenus Protanthium (Zingiberaceae) from northern Thailand

Author:
Nopporncharoenkul, Nattapon; Laongsri, Woranuch; Jenjittikul, Thaya
Source:
Nordic journal of botany 2020 v.38 no.2
ISSN:
0107-055X
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; Kaempferia; new species; phenology; photographs; taxonomic keys; Thailand;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Kaempferia aurora sp. nov. Noppornch. & Jenjitt., from Tak province near the Thailand‐Myanmar border, and K. caespitosa sp. nov. Noppornch. & Jenjitt., from Lampang province, northern Thailand, are described as new species of K. subgen. Protanthium (Horan.) Baker. Their diagnostic characters are compared with those of similar species. Detailed illustrations, photographs of dissected flowers, infor ...
DOI:
10.1111/njb.02633

13. Dry soil determines the pseudoviviparous reproduction in Comanthera nivea (Eriocaulaceae) in the Campos Rupestres in south‐eastern Brazil

Author:
Lombello, Juliana C.; Biondi, Michel; Teodoro, Grazielle S.; Coelho, Flávia F.
Source:
Plant species biology 2020 v.35 no.1 pp. 81-88
ISSN:
0913-557X
Subject:
flowers,   etc   ; Comanthera; asexual reproduction; clones; flowering; habitats; soil water; Brazil;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Pseudovivipary is an asexual reproduction strategy correlated with extreme environments. Comanthera nivea occurs in habitats with low water retention. This study investigated the effect of soil moisture availability on C. nivea pseudoviviparous reproduction and flowering. We established four permanent plots (1 × 1 m), two in a shaded area, in which we marked 15 rosettes in each plot, and two in a ...
DOI:
10.1111/1442-1984.12255

14. Effective pollinia transfer by settling moths’ legs in an orchid Habenaria aitchisonii

Author:
Xiong, Ying‐Ze; Jia, Li‐Bing; Liu, Chang‐Qiu; Huang, Shuang‐Quan
Source:
Journal of systematics and evolution 2020 v.58 no.2 pp. 174-181
ISSN:
1674-4918
Subject:
flower morphology; flowers,   etc   ; Habenaria; Noctuidae; fruits; insect pollination; legs; moths; nectar; pollinating insects; pollinia (pollen); proboscis; seeds; surveys; China;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... A great diversity of flower morphology in orchids has long been thought to be selected by diverse pollinators. Habenaria Willd. (Orchidaceae) species are generally characterized by long nectar spurs and pollinated by long‐tongued insects (Lepidoptera), the mechanical fit between the spur and pollinator proboscis length being supposedly caused by “arms race” reciprocal selection. Here, we report th ...
DOI:
10.1111/jse.12485

15. Regulation of flowering time using temperature, photoperiod and spermidine treatments in Anoectochilus roxburghii

Author:
Han, Tingting; Xu, Enting; Yao, Linna; Zheng, Bingsong; Younis, Adnan; Shao, Qingsong
Source:
Physiology and molecular biology of plants 2020 v.26 no.2 pp. 247-260
ISSN:
0971-5894
Subject:
flower buds; flowers,   etc   ; Anoectochilus roxburghii; catalase; enzyme activity; flowering time; malondialdehyde; peroxidase; photoperiod; proline; spermidine; sugars; superoxide dismutase; temperature;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study investigated the effects of different temperatures, photoperiods and spermidine concentrations on the flowering time regulation of Anoectochilus roxburghii by measuring changes in the soluble sugar, soluble protein, malondialdehyde and proline contents, and the peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in A. roxburghii flower buds. The flowering time could be advanced und ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12298-019-00742-9
PubMed:
32158132
PubMed Central:
PMC7036380

16. Advances in molecular biology of Paeonia L.

Author:
Fan, Yongming; Wang, Qi; Dong, Zhijun; Yin, Yijia; Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A.; Yu, Xiaonan
Source:
Planta 2020 v.251 no.1 pp. 23
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
flower color; flowers,   etc   ; Paeonia; breeding; flowering; genes; genetic markers; genomics; germplasm; metabolomics; microRNA; molecular biology; proteomics; stress tolerance; transcriptomics;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Molecular biology can serve as a tool to solve the limitations of traditional breeding and cultivation techniques related to flower patterns, the improvement of flower color, and the regulation of flowering and stress resistance. These characteristics of molecular biology ensured its significant role in improving the efficiency of breeding and germplasm amelioration of Paeonia. This review describ ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00425-019-03299-9

17. Floral characterization and pollen germination protocol for Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc

Author:
Silva, D.M.; Zambon, C.R.; Techio, V.H.; Pio, R.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2020 v.130 pp. 389-395
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
female flowers; flower morphology; male flowers,   etc   ; Castanea crenata; agar; boric acid; breeding programs; calcium nitrate; catkins; chestnuts; colorimetry; cross pollination; cultivars; culture media; hermaphroditism; hybridization; males; pH; pollen; pollen germination; pollen viability; staining; sucrose;     Show all 23 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chestnuts have staminate (male) and androgynous (hermaphrodite) flowers in the same individual. The male flowers are grouped into unisexual catkins, while the female flowers are located at the base of male inflorescences. There is divergence in the functionality of pollen grains among chestnut species. As this species requires cross-pollination, germination tests are essential in breeding programs ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2020.01.027

18. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS screening and identification of bioactive compounds in fresh, aged, and browned Magnolia denudata flower extracts

Author:
Joo, Yong Hoon; Nam, Myung Hee; Chung, Namhyun; Lee, Yong Kwon
Source:
Food research international 2020 v.133 pp. 109192
ISSN:
0963-9969
Subject:
flower extracts; flowers,   etc   ; Magnolia denudata; bioactive compounds; chlorogenic acid; fermentation; flavor; glycosides; ions; isomers; quinic acid; rutin; screening; spectrometers; tandem mass spectrometry; tea; ultra-performance liquid chromatography;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Magnolia denudata flower is used to prepare tea and is often fermented to improve its flavor. Herein, fresh, aged, and browned M. denudata flower extracts were characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS). The 1223 and 458 mass ions of ESI+ and ESI− modes that were significantly chang ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109192

19. Castanea sativa male flower extracts as an alternative additive in the Portuguese pastry delicacy “pastel de nata”

Author:
Caleja, Cristina; Barros, Lillian; Barreira, João C. M.; Soković, Marina; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Bento, Albino; Oliveira, M. Beatriz P. P.; Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.
Source:
Food & function 2020 v.11 no.3 pp. 2208-2217
ISSN:
2042-650X
Subject:
flower extracts; flowers,   etc   ; Castanea sativa; additives; antimicrobial properties; baking; food industry; free radical scavengers; ingredients; males; odors; pastries; physicochemical properties; potassium sorbate; reducing agents; taste;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Replacing artificial additives by natural compounds is a current trend in the food industry. In addition to their preserving effect, naturally obtained ingredients often exhibit important levels of bioactivities. Generally, plant species represent better sources of natural ingredients, since their compounds are less prone to causing unpleasant taste or odour. Chestnut male flower (CMF) was reporte ...
DOI:
10.1039/c9fo03050f

20. Biological monitoring of exposure to pesticide residues among Belgian florists

Author:
Toumi, Khaoula; Joly, Laure; Vleminckx, Christiane; Schiffers, Bruno
Source:
Human and ecological risk assessment 2020 v.26 no.3 pp. 636-653
ISSN:
1549-7860
Subject:
cut flowers; flowers,   etc   ; creatinine; environmental monitoring; ethyl acetate; excretion; liquid chromatography; metabolites; occupational exposure; pesticide application; pesticide residues; pesticides; t-test; tandem mass spectrometry; urinalysis; urine;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many pesticides applied in cut flowers can be readily absorbed through the skin of florists during preparing bouquets and handling contaminated flowers. A study was conducted among volunteer Belgian florists in order to assess their total exposure by measuring concentrations of pesticides (parent compounds and metabolites) in their urines. A total of 42 urine samples (24-h urines) were collected f ...
DOI:
10.1080/10807039.2018.1528860