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1. A Cautionary Note Regarding the Use of Cumulative Burnt Areas for the Determination of Fire Danger Index Breakpoints

Author:
Pimont, F.; Ruffault, J.; Martin-StPaul, N.K.; Dupuy, J.-L.
Source:
The International journal of wildland fire 2019 v.28 no.3 pp. 254-258
ISSN:
1049-8001
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; ecosystems; fire hazard; fire safety; frequency distribution;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Identifying the links between fire danger metrics and fire activity is critical in various operational and research fields. A common methodology consists in analysing the relationship between cumulative burnt areas and fire danger metrics. Building on this approach, it has been proposed that fuel moisture content (FMC) drives fire activity in some ecosystems through between one and three breakpoin ...
DOI:
10.1071/WF18056

2. Ignition of a spot smolder in a moist fuel bed by a firebrand

Author:
Urban, James L.; Song, Jiayun; Santamaria, Simon; Fernandez-Pello, Carlos
Source:
Fire safety journal 2019 v.108 pp. 102833
ISSN:
0379-7112
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; Sequoia sempervirens; energy; fuel bed; fuels; models; regression analysis; sawdust; wildfires;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ember/firebrand spotting is an important mechanism by which wildland fires can rapidly spread. This process occurs when firebrands from a fire upwind land on a fuel downwind. These firebrands may initiate a flaming fire directly or a smolder fire, which may later transition to flaming in the fuel. The fuel moisture content (FMC) plays an important role in determining whether a firebrand will ignit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102833

3. Macro to micro: microwave remote sensing of plant water content for physiology and ecology

Author:
Konings, Alexandra G.; Rao, Krishna; Steele‐Dunne, Susan C.
Source:
Thenew phytologist 2019 v.223 no.3 pp. 1166-1172
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; biomass; drought; ecology; leaf water potential; remote sensing; soil water; water content;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Although primarily valued for their suitability for oceanographic applications and soil moisture estimation, microwave remote sensing observations are also sensitive to plant water content (Mw). Since Mw depends on both plant water status and biomass, these observations have the potential to be useful for a range of plant drought response studies. In this paper, we introduce the principles behind ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.15808

4. A simple correlation for monitoring the ignition propensity of wet nordic spruce wood

Author:
Mindykowski, P.; Jørgensen, M.; Svensson, S.; Jomaas, G.
Source:
Fire safety journal 2019 v.107 pp. 186-192
ISSN:
0379-7112
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; Picea; air temperature; drying; engineering; equations; heat transfer; humidity; models; monitoring; ovens; water content; wood;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... A combination of cone heater experiments and asymptotic analysis was used to determine the moisture content of Nordic spruce with varying degree of drying. The fuel moisture content was measured by weighing the specimens before and after a drying procedure in an oven. A high-flux asymptotic solution from an integral model established that the ignition temperature from the experiments (directly lin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.08.001

5. Why is the effect of live fuel moisture content on fire rate of spread underestimated in field experiments in shrublands?

Author:
Pimont, F.; Ruffault, J.; Martin-StPaul, N. K.; Dupuy, J.-L.
Source:
The International journal of wildland fire 2019 v.28 no.2 pp. 127-137
ISSN:
1049-8001
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; data collection; environmental factors; field experimentation; fire behavior; fire season; laboratory experimentation; landscapes; prediction; shrublands;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Live fuel moisture content (LFMC) influences fire activity at landscape scale and fire behaviour in laboratory experiments. However, field evidence linking LFMC to fire behaviour are very limited, despite numerous field experiments. In this study, we reanalyse a shrubland fire dataset with a special focus on LFMC to investigate this counterintuitive outcome. We found that this controversy might re ...
DOI:
10.1071/WF18091

6. Correction to: Live fuel moisture content (LFMC) time series for multiple sites and species in the French Mediterranean area since 1996

Author:
Martin-StPaul, N.; Pimont, F.; Dupuy, J. L.; Rigolot, E.; Ruffault, J.; Fargeon, H.; Cabane, E.; Duché, Y.; Savazzi, R.; Toutchkov, M.
Source:
Annals of forest science 2018 v.75 no.3 pp. 70
ISSN:
1286-4560
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; time series analysis; Mediterranean region;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The original version of this article has been corrected to reflect Open Access. Additionally, this correction stands to correct what was a broken hyperlink in the key message section of the article as well as an error related to the replacement of Supplementary File 13595_2018_729_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13595-018-0744-4

7. Estimation of vegetation water content using hyperspectral vegetation indices: a comparison of crop water indicators in response to water stress treatments for summer maize

Author:
Zhang, F.; Zhou, G.
Source:
BMC ecology 2019 v.19 no.1 pp. 18
ISSN:
1472-6785
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; Zea mays; canopy; chlorophyll; corn; growing season; leaves; prediction; remote sensing; seasonal variation; vegetation; water content; water stress; China;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Vegetation water content is one of the important biophysical features of vegetation health, and its remote estimation can be utilized to real-timely monitor vegetation water stress. Here, we compared the responses of canopy water content (CWC), leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT), and live fuel moisture content (LFMC) to different water treatments and their estimations using spectral ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12898-019-0233-0

8. How does drought impact burned area in Mediterranean vegetation communities?

Author:
Cardil, A.; Vega-García, C.; Ascoli, D.; Molina-Terrén, D.M.; Silva, C.A.; Rodrigues, M.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 pp. 133603
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; autumn; climate change; drought; evapotranspiration; factor analysis; fire season; flammability; models; plant communities; principal component analysis; regression analysis; risk; spring; water stress; wildfires; Mediterranean region;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... Drought and water stress are widely known to influence fuel moisture content and flammability, although differences do exist according to the response mechanisms and adaptive traits displayed by plant communities. In the Mediterranean basin, as a result of climate change, extreme drought events are expected to become more frequent and severe, envisaging episodes of increased fire risk. In this pap ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133603

9. Shifting States, Altered Fates: Divergent Fuel Moisture Responses after High Frequency Wildfire in an Obligate Seeder Eucalypt Forest

Author:
Burton, Jamie; Cawson, Jane; Noske, Philip; Sheridan, Gary
Source:
Forests 2019 v.10 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; Eucalyptus regnans; burning; carbon; flammability; forest stands; forests; fuels; fuels (fire ecology); highlands; microclimate; overstory; species diversity; understory; wildfires;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... High frequency wildfires can shift the structure and composition of obligate seeder forests and initiate replacement with alternative vegetation states. In some forests, the alternative stable state is drier and more easily burned by subsequent fires, driving a positive feedback that promotes further wildfire and perpetuates alternative stable states. Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans (F.Muell.)) f ...
DOI:
10.3390/f10050436

10. Forest Degradation Promotes Fire during Drought in Moist Tropical Forests of Ghana

Author:
Dwomoh, Francis K.; Wimberly, Michael C.; Cochrane, Mark A.; Numata, Izaya
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2019
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; Landsat; climate; climate change; drought; forest damage; forest reserves; forest types; land use; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; refuge habitats; tropical forests; water stress; wildfires; Ghana;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Forest reserves in Ghana are the only significant refugia of natural tropical forests, but they are threatened by land use pressures that have led to widespread forest degradation. Additional stress from climate perturbations, such as droughts, can reduce fuel moisture and lead to fires that render the reserves more vulnerable to further degradation. Here, we explore recent drought-associated wild ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.014

11. Impacts of Bed Material Activation and Fuel Moisture Content on the Gasification Rate of Biomass Char in a Fluidized Bed

Author:
Lundberg, Louise; Tchoffor, Placid A.; Pallarès, David; Thunman, Henrik; Davidsson, Kent O.
Source:
Industrial & engineering chemistry process design and development 2019 v.58 no.12 pp. 4802-4809
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; biochar; biofuels; fluidized beds; gasification; olivine; particle size; process design; quartz; steam; temperature; water content; wood chips; wood products;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... The use of certain bed materials has been found to increase the steam gasification rate of biomass char. The present work investigates how this phenomenon is influenced by different parameters (e.g., temperature, fuel type, and fuel moisture content), using a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier. Silica sand, fresh olivine, and activated olivine were employed as bed materials, and thre ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00528

12. Pile age and burn season influence fuelbed properties, combustion dynamics, fuel consumption, and charcoal formation when burning hand piles

Author:
Wright, Clinton S.; Evans, Alexander M.; Grove, Sara; Haubensak, Karen A.
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2019
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; autumn; burning; charcoal; combustion; energy use and consumption; environmental factors; fire behavior; fuels; landscapes; spring; New Mexico; Washington (state);     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Piling and burning is widely used to dispose of unmerchantable debris resulting from thinning in forests throughout the western United States. Quite often more piles are created than are burned in a given year, however, causing piles to persist, accumulate, and age on the landscape. The effects of burning piles of increasing age has not been studied. We examined the effects of time since construct ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.02.005

13. Dimensional analysis on forest fuel bed fire spread

Author:
Yang, Jiann C.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research 2018 v.48 no.1 pp. 105-110
ISSN:
1208-6037
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; fire spread; fuel bed; fuel loading; particle size; uncertainty; wind speed;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... A dimensional analysis was performed to correlate the fuel bed fire rate of spread data previously reported in the literature. Under wind condition, six pertinent dimensionless groups were identified, namely dimensionless fire spread rate, dimensionless fuel particle size, fuel moisture content, dimensionless fuel bed depth or dimensionless fuel loading density, dimensionless wind speed, and angle ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfr-2017-0049

14. Exergy analysis of a grid-connected bagasse-based cogeneration plant of sugar factory and exhaust heat utilization for running a cold storage

Author:
Singh, Omendra Kumar
Source:
Renewable energy 2019 v.143 pp. 149-163
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; absorption; bagasse; cold storage; combustion; computer simulation; cooling systems; energy efficiency; exergy; fuels; furnaces; heat; refrigeration; renewable energy sources; sugar industry; vapors; vegetables; water content; India;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, energy and exergy analysis of a 16 MW cogeneration plant of a sugar factory located in India is carried out. Bagasse leaving the mills with 50% moisture is fed directly into the boiler as fuel. Maximum energy loss (23.021%) as well as maximum exergy destruction (68.219%) is found in the boiler furnace. The fuel moisture alone accounts for 11.89% energy loss due to the absorption of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.012

15. Using Generalized Additive Models for Interpolating Microclimate in Dry-Site Ponderosa Pine Forests

Author:
Burnett, Jonathan D.; Anderson, Paul D.
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2019 pp. 107668
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; Pinus ponderosa; air temperature; botanical composition; coniferous forests; ecosystems; forest canopy; forest litter; fuels; heat; landscapes; microclimate; models; monitoring; normalized difference vegetation index; understory; weather stations; wildlife habitats; wood; Oregon;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Microclimate in the understory of forests can be an important mediating influence for ecological attributes such a vegetation composition, wildlife habitat, fuel moisture, and downed wood and forest floor decomposition processes. Several tools exist for interpolating data from regional, broad-scale weather stations to derive geospatial climate surface maps representing mesoclimate variations at th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107668

16. Peatland Hydrological Dynamics as A Driver of Landscape Connectivity and Fire Activity in the Boreal Plain of Canada

Author:
Thompson, Dan K.; Simpson, Brian N.; Whitman, Ellen; Barber, Quinn E.; Parisien, Marc-André
Source:
Forests 2019 v.10 no.7
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; air temperature; boreal forests; burning; climate change; drought; fire frequency; fire spread; fuels (fire ecology); habitat connectivity; humidity; landscapes; models; peatlands; vegetation cover; water table; wildfires; wind speed; Canada;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Drought is usually the precursor to large wildfires in northwestern boreal Canada, a region with both large wildfire potential and extensive peatland cover. Fire is a contagious process, and given weather conducive to burning, wildfires may be naturally limited by the connectivity of fuels and the connectivity of landscapes such as peatlands. Boreal peatlands fragment landscapes when wet and conne ...
DOI:
10.3390/f10070534

17. Modeling surface fuels moisture content in Pinus brutia stands

Author:
Bilgili, Ertugrul; Coskuner, Kadir Alperen; Usta, Yetkin; Goltas, Merih
Source:
Journal of forestry research 2019 v.30 no.2 pp. 577-587
ISSN:
1007-662X
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; Pinus brutia; adsorption; automation; containers; data collection; desorption; energy use and consumption; fire spread; forest fires; fuels; fuels (fire ecology); models; planning; regression analysis; relative humidity; temperature; water content; wind speed; Turkey (country);     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fuel moisture content is an important variable for forest fires because it affects fuel ignition and fire behavior. In order to accurately predict fuel ignition potential, fuel moisture content must be assessed by evaluating fire spread, fireline intensity and fuel consumption. Our objective here is to model moisture content of surface fuels in normally stocked Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11676-018-0702-x

18. An examination of fuel moisture, energy release and emissions during laboratory burning of live wildland fuels

Author:
May, Nathaniel; Ellicott, Evan; Gollner, Michael
Source:
The International journal of wildland fire 2019 v.28 no.3 pp. 187-197
ISSN:
1049-8001
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; biofuels; biomass; burning; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; combustion; energy; energy use and consumption; essential oils; experimental design; fires; gas emissions; particulates; remote sensing; water content; wildland;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... A series of small-scale laboratory fires were conducted to study the relationship between fuel type, moisture content, energy released and emissions during the combustion process of live wildland fuels. The experimental design sought to understand the effects that varying moisture content of different fire-promoting plant species had on the release of total energy, gaseous emissions (CO, CO2), par ...
DOI:
10.1071/WF18084

19. Assessment of the influence of biophysical properties related to fuel conditions on fire severity using remote sensing techniques: a case study on a large fire in NW Spain

Author:
García-Llamas, Paula; Suárez-Seoane, Susana; Taboada, Angela; Fernández-García, Victor; Fernández-Guisuraga, José M.; Fernández-Manso, Alfonso; Quintano, Carmen; Marcos, Elena; Calvo, Leonor
Source:
The International journal of wildland fire 2019 v.28 no.7 pp. 512-520
ISSN:
1049-8001
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; Landsat; Pinus; case studies; coniferous forests; evapotranspiration; fire severity; forest ecosystems; fuels (fire ecology); models; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; remote sensing; spatial data; surface temperature; variance; Spain;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study analyses the suitability of remote sensing data from different sources (Landsat 7 ETM+, MODIS and Meteosat) in evaluating the effect of fuel conditions on fire severity, using a megafire (11891ha) that occurred in a Mediterranean pine forest ecosystem (NW Spain) between 19 and 22August 2012. Fire severity was measured via the delta Normalized Burn Ratio index. Fuel conditions were evalu ...
DOI:
10.1071/WF18156

20. How well do meteorological drought indices predict live fuel moisture content (LFMC)? An assessment for wildfire research and operations in Mediterranean ecosystems

Author:
Ruffault, Julien; Martin-StPaul, Nicolas; Pimont, Francois; Dupuy, Jean-Luc
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2018 v.262 pp. 391-401
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
fuel moisture index,   etc   ; climate; drought; ecosystems; fire weather; forest fires; forests; models; prediction; seasonal variation; shrubs; soil; water content; France;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Live Fuel Moisture Content (LFMC) is a critical variable affecting fire ignition, behavior and severity in many ecosystems. Although the use of meteorological drought indices as proxies for LFMC is a straightforward and widespread approach, it is largely unknown whether it can provide reliable estimates of LFMC, either for local or spatial applications. We address this issue by evaluating the capa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.07.031