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1. Phylogenomics and evolutionary history of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) Neotropical frogs along elevational gradients

Author:
Montero-Mendieta, Santiago; De la Riva, Ignacio; Irisarri, Iker; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Webster, Matthew T.; Vilà, Carles
Source:
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2021 v.161 pp. 107167
ISSN:
1055-7903
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; Craugastoridae; Neotropics; exons; habitat fragmentation; phylogeny; Andes region;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mountain ranges offer opportunities for understanding how species evolved and diversified across different environmental conditions. Neotropical frogs of the genus Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) are adapted to highland and lowland habitats along the Andes, but many aspects of their evolution remain unknown. We studied their evolutionary history using ~18,000 exons enriched by targeted sequence- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107167

2. Aerobic bacteria and archaea tend to have larger and more versatile genomes

Author:
Nielsen, Daniel A.; Fierer, Noah; Geoghegan, Jemma L.; Gillings, Michael R.; Gumerov, Vadim; Madin, Joshua S.; Moore, Lisa; Paulsen, Ian T.; Reddy, T. B. K.; Tetu, Sasha G.; Westoby, Mark
Source:
Oikos 2021 v.130 no.4 pp. 501-511
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; Archaea; anaerobes; cell structures; gene deletion; genes; habitats; sporulation; temperature;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... A recent compilation of traits across culturable species of bacteria and archaea allows relationships to be quantified between genome size and other traits and habitat. Cell morphology, size, motility, sporulation and doubling time were not strongly correlated with genome size. Aerobic species averaged ca 35% larger genomes than anaerobic, adjusted for growth temperature. Aerobes had a similar mix ...
DOI:
10.1111/oik.07912

3. Cryoprotectant toxicity and hypothermic sensitivity among Anopheles larvae

Author:
Nesbitt, Jenny E.; Swei, Anisa; Hunt, Catherine; Dotson, Ellen M.; Toner, Mehmet; Sandlin, Rebecca D.
Source:
Cryobiology 2021 v.99 pp. 106-113
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; ; cryobiology; cryopreservation; cryoprotectants; dimethyl sulfoxide; ethylene glycol; experimental design; hypothermia; instars; methanol; vector control;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Laboratory rearing of mosquitoes is commonly practiced by researchers studying mosquito-borne infectious diseases and vector control methods. In the absence of cryopreservation methods to stabilize unique or genetically modified strains, mosquito lines must be continuously maintained, a laborious process that risks selection effects, contamination, and genetic drift. Towards the development of a c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.12.007

4. Multi-instrumental techniques for evaluating butterfly structural colors: A case study on Polyommatus bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae)

Author:
Kertész, Krisztián; Bálint, Zsolt; Piszter, Gábor; Horváth, Zsolt Endre; Biró, László Péter
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2021 v.61 pp. 101010
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; Lycaenidae; arthropods; butterflies; case studies; color; electron microscopy; metamorphosis; photons; quantitative analysis; spectroscopy; wavelengths;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Color is an important communication channel for day-flying butterflies. Chemical (pigmentary) coloration is often supplemented by physical color generated by photonic nanostructures. These nanoarchitectures – which are characteristic for a given species – exhibit wavelength ranges in which light propagation is forbidden. The photonic nanoarchitectures are located in the lumen of the wing scales an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2020.101010

5. Recombination suppression and evolutionary strata around mating‐type loci in fungi: documenting patterns and understanding evolutionary and mechanistic causes

Author:
Hartmann, Fanny E.; Duhamel, Marine; Carpentier, Fantin; Hood, Michael E.; Foulongne‐Oriol, Marie; Silar, Philippe; Malagnac, Fabienne; Grognet, Pierre; Giraud, Tatiana
Source:
Thenew phytologist 2021 v.229 no.5 pp. 2470-2491
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; fungi; genes; genomics; loci; mating types; mitochondria; mutation; sex chromosomes; transposons;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Genomic regions determining sexual compatibility often display recombination suppression, as occurs in sex chromosomes, plant self‐incompatibility loci and fungal mating‐type loci. Regions lacking recombination can extend beyond the genes determining sexes or mating types, by several successive steps of recombination suppression. Here we review the evidence for recombination suppression around mat ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.17039

6. Assessment of the genetic diversity of Two Czech autochthonous sheep breeds

Author:
Machová, Karolína; Milerski, Michal; Rychtářová, Jana; Hofmanová, Barbora; Vostrá-Vydrová, Hana; Moravčíková, Nina; Kasarda, Radovan; Vostrý, Luboš
Source:
Small ruminant research 2021 v.195 pp. 106301
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; effective population size; genetic variation; genome; pedigree; population structure; research; sheep;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Based on pedigree information, the population structure, within-breed genetic variability and causes of genetic variability losses in Wallachian sheep (WS), and Sumava sheep (SS) were studied. The maximum number of generations observed in both WS and SS was 16, and the equivalent number of complete generations 5.66 and 4.35, respectively. The average generation intervals were in WS and SS 4.33 and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106301

7. Genetic Consequences of Fence Confinement in a Population of White-Tailed Deer

Author:
Latch, Emily K.; Gee, Kenneth L.; Webb, Stephen L.; Honeycutt, Rodney L.; DeYoung, Randy W.; Gonzales, Robert A.; Demarais, Stephen; Toby, Ryan
Source:
Diversity 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; Odocoileus virginianus; gene flow; genetic variation; males; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; viability; wildlife; wildlife management;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fencing wildlife populations can aid wildlife management goals, but potential benefits may not always outweigh costs of confinement. Population isolation can erode genetic diversity and lead to the accumulation of inbreeding, reducing viability and limiting adaptive potential. We used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA data collected from 640 white-tailed deer confined within a 1184 ha fence to ...
DOI:
10.3390/d13030126

8. Analysis of Genetic Diversity in the Czech Spotted Dog

Author:
Machová, Karolína; Kranjčevičová, Anita; Vostrý, Luboš; Krupa, Emil
Source:
Animals 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; dogs; effective population size; genetic variation; genome; pedigree;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Loss off genetic diversity negatively affects most of the modern dog breeds. However, no breed created strictly for laboratory purposes has been analyzed so far. In this paper, we sought to explore by pedigree analysis exactly such a breed—the Czech Spotted Dog (CSD). The pedigree contained a total of 2010 individuals registered since the second half of the 20th century. Parameters such as the mea ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani10081416

9. Assessing the effects of rare alleles and linkage disequilibrium on estimates of genetic diversity in the chicken populations

Author:
Dementieva, N.V.; Mitrofanova, O.V.; Dysin, A.P.; Kudinov, A.A.; Stanishevskaya, O.I.; Larkina, T.A.; Plemyashov, K.V.; Griffin, D.K.; Romanov, M.N.; Smaragdov, M.G.
Source:
Animal 2021 v.15 no.3 pp. 100171
ISSN:
1751-7311
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; artificial selection; chickens; data collection; effective population size; frequency distribution; genetic variation; heterozygosity; linkage disequilibrium; phenotype; phenotypic variation; sample size;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Phenotypic diversity in poultry has been mainly driven by artificial selection and genetic drift. These led to the adaptation to the environment and the development of specific phenotypic traits of chickens in response to their economic use. This study evaluated genetic diversity within and between Russian breeds and populations using Illumina Chicken 60K SNP iSelect BeadChip by analysing genetic ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.animal.2021.100171

10. Population genetic structure of the insular Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus

Author:
Chen, Shiang‐Fan; Juan, Chung‐Hao; Rossiter, Stephen J.; Kinjo, Teruo; Fukui, Dai; Kawai, Kuniko; Tsang, Susan M.; Veluz, Maria Josefa; Sakurai, Hiroko; Lin, Hua‐Ching; Jang‐Liaw, Nian‐Hong; Osawa, Keiko; Ko, Wen‐Ya; Izawa, Masako
Source:
Biotropica 2021 v.53 no.2 pp. 548-559
ISSN:
0006-3606
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; DNA; Philippines; Pteropus; Ryukyu Archipelago; foxes; gene flow; genetic structure; genetic variation; habitat destruction; haplotypes; keystone species; microsatellite repeats; mitochondria; pollination; seed dispersal; threatened species; Taiwan;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Small isolated populations are vulnerable to both stochastic events and the negative consequences of genetic drift. For threatened species, the genetic management of such populations has therefore become a crucial aspect of conservation. Flying foxes (Pteropus spp, Chiroptera) are keystone species with essential roles in pollination and seed dispersal in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. Yet ma ...
DOI:
10.1111/btp.12897

11. Co-opted transposons help perpetuate conserved higher-order chromosomal structures

Author:
Choudhary, Mayank NK; Friedman, Ryan Z.; Wang, Julia T.; Jang, Hyo Sik; Zhuo, Xiaoyu; Wang, Ting
Source:
Genome biology 2020 v.21 no.1 pp. 16
ISSN:
1474-760X
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; DNA methylation; binding sites; chromatin; genome; humans; mice; topology; transposons;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Transposable elements (TEs) make up half of mammalian genomes and shape genome regulation by harboring binding sites for regulatory factors. These include binding sites for architectural proteins, such as CTCF, RAD21, and SMC3, that are involved in tethering chromatin loops and marking domain boundaries. The 3D organization of the mammalian genome is intimately linked to its function a ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13059-019-1916-8
PubMed:
31973766
PubMed Central:
PMC6979391

12. A Genetic Window on Sardinian Native Horse Breeds through Uniparental Molecular Systems

Author:
Giontella, Andrea; Cardinali, Irene; Pieramati, Camillo; Cherchi, Raffaele; Biggio, Giovanni Paolo; Achilli, Alessandro; Silvestrelli, Maurizio; Lancioni, Hovirag
Source:
Animals 2020 v.10 no.9
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; ; Thoroughbred; Y chromosome; genetic variation; haplotypes; mares; mitochondria; phylogeny; Italy; Mediterranean Sea; Sardinia;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sardinia, an island located to the west of Italy in the Mediterranean Sea, boasts three native horse breeds: Giara, Sarcidano, and Sardinian Anglo-Arab. Here, we have investigated for the first time three loci of the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) in 34 stallions from these breeds and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the maternal relationships among 178 previously published m ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani10091544

13. Genetic Diversity of Barley Foliar Fungal Pathogens

Author:
Çelik Oğuz, Arzu; Karakaya, Aziz
Source:
Agronomy 2021 v.11 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; agronomy; barley; disease control; disease resistance; evolution; fungi; fungicides; genetic variation; leaf rust; leaves; major genes; mutation; net blotch; pathogens; pathotypes; population size; powdery mildew; reproduction; risk; virulence;     Show all 21 Subjects
Abstract:
... Powdery mildew, net blotch, scald, spot blotch, barley stripe, and leaf rust are important foliar fungal pathogens of barley. Fungal leaf pathogens negatively affect the yield and quality in barley plant. Virulence changes, which can occur in various ways, may render resistant plants to susceptible ones. Factors such as mutation, population size and random genetic drift, gene and genotype flow, re ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy11030434

14. Genetic divergence of selected and wild populations of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) on the West Coast of North America

Author:
Hedgecock, Dennis; Pan, Francis T.C.
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.530 pp. 735737
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; Crassostrea gigas; breeding programs; breeding stock; coasts; effective population size; gene flow; gene frequency; genetic variation; genotyping; melting; oyster culture; parentage; pedigree; polymerase chain reaction; selective breeding; North America;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP) has been selecting Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas for improved yield for over two decades. Nevertheless, realized gain in yield, the percent difference in least-square mean yield between MBP and pooled control families made from “wild” stock, was reported to be zero in the fifth generation. Among the potential explanations for zero realized gain was that M ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735737

15. Drosophila ananassae: a species characterized by spontaneous male recombination in appreciable frequency

Author:
Singh, Bashisth N.
Source:
Journal of genetics 2020 v.99 no.1 pp. 12
ISSN:
0022-1333
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; Drosophila melanogaster; chiasmata; chromatids; crossing over; genes; genetic variation; males; meiosis; mutation; natural selection; strain differences;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mutation and recombination are primarily responsible for generating the genetic variability in natural populations of microorganisms, plant and animal species including humans. Upon such genetic variations, elemental forces of evolution such as natural selection, random genetic drift and migration operate to bring about micro-evolutionary changes. Recombination or crossing-over produces new combin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12041-019-1169-z

16. Demographic Processes Linked to Genetic Diversity and Positive Selection across a Species' Range

Author:
Willi, Yvonne; Fracassetti, Marco; Bachmann, Olivier; Van Buskirk, Josh
Source:
Plant communications 2020 v.1 no.6 pp. 100111
ISSN:
2590-3462
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; Arabidopsis lyrata; demography; effective population size; genetic variation; genomics; glaciation; intergenic DNA; outcrossing; refuge habitats; selfing;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Demography determines the strength of genetic drift, which generally reduces genetic variation and the efficacy of selection. Here, we disentangled the importance of demographic processes at a local scale (census size and mating system) and at a species-range scale (old split between population clusters, recolonization after the last glaciation cycle, and admixture) in determining within-populatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100111

17. Genetic variability and population structure based on pedigree information for Muzaffarnagari sheep in India

Author:
Mandal, Ajoy; Baneh, Hasan; Subramanyam, B.V.; Notter, D.R.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2020 v.191 pp. 106182
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; effective population size; flocks; genes; genetic variation; heterozygosity; inbreeding; inbreeding coefficient; lambs; pedigree; population structure; probability; India;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to use pedigree analysis to evaluate the population structure and retention of genetic diversity in a flock of Muzaffarnagari sheep in India. Pedigrees of 5955 animals born between 1974 and 2003 was used to estimate the generation interval, pedigree completeness, and rate and level of inbreeding. Effective population size and parameters characterizing probabilities ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106182

18. Improved and reproducible cell viability in the superflash freezing method using an automatic thawing apparatus

Author:
Watanabe, Hiroki; Akiyama, Yoshitake
Source:
Cryobiology 2020 v.96 pp. 12-18
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; ambient temperature; cameras; cell viability; cryobiology; cryopreservation; cytotoxicity; fibroblasts; glass transition temperature; heat transfer; mice; spring;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cell cryopreservation stops the biological activity of cells by placing them in the frozen state, and can be used to preserve cells without subculturing, which can cause contamination and genetic drift. However, the freezing process used in cryopreservation can injure or damage the cells due to the cytotoxicity of cryoprotecting agents (CPAs). We have previously reported a CPA-free cryopreservatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.09.003

19. A Disjunctive Marginal Edge of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Oak (Quercus gilva) in East Asia: The High Genetic Distinctiveness and Unusual Diversity of Jeju Island Populations and Insight into a Massive, Independent Postglacial Colonization

Author:
Han, Eun-Kyeong; Cho, Won-Bum; Park, Jong-Soo; Choi, In-Su; Kwak, Myounghai; Kim, Bo-Yun; Lee, Jung-Hyun
Source:
Genes 2020 v.11 no.10
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; Japan; Quercus gilva; gene flow; genetic variation; microsatellite repeats; multidimensional scaling; niches; phylogeny; probability; refuge habitats; South Korea;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Jeju Island is located at a marginal edge of the distributional range of East Asian evergreen broad-leaved forests. The low genetic diversity of such edge populations is predicted to have resulted from genetic drift and reduced gene flow when compared to core populations. To test this hypothesis, we examined the levels of genetic diversity of marginal-edge populations of Quercus gilva, restricted ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes11101114

20. Rederivation by Cryopreservation of a Paternal Line of Rabbits Suggests Exhaustion of Selection for Post-Weaning Daily Weight Gain after 37 Generations

Author:
Juarez, Jorge Daniel; Marco-Jiménez, Francisco; Lavara, Raquel; Vicente, José Salvador
Source:
Animals 2020 v.10 no.8
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
genetic drift,   etc   ; adults; body weight; cryopreservation; growth curves; phenotype; reproductive performance; selection pressure; selection response; sexual dimorphism; weight gain;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rabbit selection programmes have mainly been evaluated using unselected or divergently selected populations, or populations rederived from cryopreserved embryos after a reduced number of generations. Nevertheless, unselected and divergent populations do not avoid genetic drift, while rederived animals seem to influence phenotypic traits such as birth and adult weights or prolificacy. The study aim ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani10081436