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1. Path integration in a three-dimensional world: the case of desert ants

Author:
Ronacher, Bernhard
Source:
Journal of comparative physiology 2020 v.206 no.3 pp. 379-387
ISSN:
0340-7594
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Cataglyphis; foraging; gait; nests; walking;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Desert ants use path integration to return from foraging excursions on a shortcut way to their nests. Intriguingly, when walking over hills, the ants incorporate the ground distance, the paths’ projection to the horizontal plane, into their path integrator. This review discusses how Cataglyphis may solve this computational feat. To infer ground distance, ants must incorporate the inclination of pa ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00359-020-01401-1
PubMed:
32020292
PubMed Central:
PMC7192874

2. Experimental investigation of cranial fracture initiation in blunt human head impacts

Author:
Isa, Mariyam I.; Fenton, Todd W.; Goots, Alexis C.; Watson, Elena O.; Vaughan, Patrick E.; Wei, Feng
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.300 pp. 51-62
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
head,   etc   ; biomechanics; humans;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The relationship between the point of blunt impact and the location of cranial fracture initiation continues to be poorly understood. The current study used high-speed video to capture cranial fracture initiation and propagation in impact experiments on twelve unembalmed, intact human cadaver heads. Video footage provided direct evidence that blunt cranial impacts can produce linear fractures init ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.003

3. How do rodents explore a three-dimensional environment? Habitat-dependent and direction-dependent differences

Author:
Gielman, Simona; Hagbi, Zohar; Dulitzky, Yuval; Blumenfeld-Lieberthal, Efrat; Eilam, David
Source:
Behavioural processes 2020 v.178 pp. 104183
ISSN:
0376-6357
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Meriones; forage; foraging; habitats; posture; rats; sand; shrubs;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many animals are surface-bounded, traveling mostly in two-dimensional (2D) environments. However, those that inhabit structured habitats might also require wayfinding in three-dimensional (3D) environments. Here we forced rodents to ascend or descend when traveling. We tested three species: laboratory rats (a common experimental subject); fat sand rats, which forage while climbing shrubs (represen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104183

4. Evaluation of Dynamic Structural Disorders in the Upper Airways and Applied Rein Tension in Healthy Dressage Horses During Riding in Different Gaits and Head–Neck Positions

Author:
Toft, Katrine; Kjeldsen, Sofie T.; Otten, Nina Dam; van Galen, Gaby; Fjeldborg, Julie; Sinding, Michael; Hansen, Sanni
Source:
Journal of equine veterinary science 2020 v.87 pp. 102934
ISSN:
0737-0806
Subject:
head,   etc   ; endoscopy; gait; horses; neck; pharynx; risk assessment; trotting;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flexion of the horse’s head and neck during dressage riding reduces the pharyngeal lumen with the risk of increased upper airway resistance and upper airway obstructions. According to the Fédération Equestre Internationale, hyperflexion is achieved through force, whereas the position low–deep–round is nonforced. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) applied rein tension and (2) dynamic ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102934

5. Descriptions of the first semi-aphenopsian troglobiotic Patrobini and of a new anophthalmic cave-dwelling Trechini from central Sichuan, China (Coleoptera: Caraboidea)

Author:
Deuve, Thierry; He, Li; Tian, Mingyi
Source:
Annales de la Société entomologique de France 2020 v.56 no.2 pp. 93-105
ISSN:
2168-6351
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Carabidae; appendages; elytra; insect morphology; limestone; suburban areas; China;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The first known troglobiotic species belonging to the ground beetle tribe Patrobini is reported from a limestone cave called Lianhua Dong in Pengzhou, a suburb county-level city in northern Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. Troglopatrobus zhouchaoi n. gen., n. sp., is an eyeless and large-sized patrobine beetle with extremely elongated body (esp. head and elytra) and appendages. Duvalioblemus (Shu ...
DOI:
10.1080/00379271.2020.1722748

6. Harnessing Wheat Fhb1 for Fusarium Resistance

Author:
Hao, Yuanfeng; Rasheed, Awais; Zhu, Zhanwang; Wulff, Brande B.H.; He, Zhonghu
Source:
Trends in plant science 2020 v.25 no.1 pp. 1-3
ISSN:
1360-1385
Subject:
Fusarium head blight,   etc   ; Fusarium graminearum; crops; fungi; wheat; East Asia;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is an economically devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Fhb1, a widely used genetic source of FHB resistance, originated in East Asia. The recent cloning of Fhb1 opens a new avenue to improve FHB resistance in wheat and potentially other crops. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tplants.2019.10.006

7. Lactational exposure of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and its association with infant developmental measurements

Author:
Li, Jialin; Ma, Wenjuan; Zhao, Yingya; Jin, Yuting; Xiao, Xirong; Ge, Wenzhen; Shi, Huijing; Zhang, Yunhui
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2020 v.388 pp. 122031
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
head; head circumference,   etc   ; World Health Organization; boys; breast feeding; bromination; fetal development; girls; infants; lipids; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; reference standards;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study was designed to assess the effect of lactational polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure on early physical development of both healthy and fetal growth restriction (FGR) infants. Z scores of head circumference-for-age (ZHC), length-for-age (ZLEN), weight-for-age (ZWEI) and weight-for-length (ZWFL) were calculated according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. FGR infants had a highe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122031

8. Rein Tension in Transitions and Halts during Equestrian Dressage Training

Author:
Egenvall, Agneta; Clayton, Hilary M.; Eisersiö, Marie; Roepstorff, Lars; Byström, Anna
Source:
Animals 2019 v.9 no.10
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
head,   etc   ; biomechanics; gait; horses; models;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... In dressage, the performance of transitions between gaits and halts is an integral part of riding sessions. The study aimed to evaluate rein tension before, during and after the transitions between different gaits and the transitions into halts. The kinematic (inertial measurement units) data for the head and croup, and rein tension data, were collected (128 Hz) from six professional riders each r ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani9100712
PubMed:
31547540
PubMed Central:
PMC6827353

9. A novel site of haematopoiesis and appearance and dispersal of distinct haemocyte types in the Manduca sexta embryo (Insecta, Lepidoptera)

Author:
von Bredow, Yvette M.; von Bredow, Christoph-Rüdiger; Trenczek, Tina E.
Source:
Developmental and comparative immunology 2020 v.111 pp. 103722
ISSN:
0145-305X
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Manduca sexta; embryo (animal); embryogenesis; enzymes; hematopoiesis; hemocytes; insect larvae; messenger RNA; prophenoloxidase;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... With a set of haemocyte specific markers novel findings on haematopoiesis in the Manduca sexta embryo are presented. We identify a hitherto unknown paired haematopoietic cluster, the abdominal haemocyte cluster in abdominal segment 7 (A7–HCC). These clusters are localised at distinct positions and are established at around katatrepsis. Later in embryogenesis, the A7–HCCs disintegrate, thereby rele ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dci.2020.103722

10. BMP signaling plays a role in anterior-neural/head development, but not organizer activity, in the gastropod Crepidula fornicata

Author:
Lyons, Deirdre C.; Perry, Kimberly J.; Batzel, Grant; Henry, Jonathan Q.
Source:
Developmental biology 2020 v.463 no.2 pp. 135-157
ISSN:
0012-1606
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Crepidula; antagonists; evolution; ganglia; larvae; ligands; messenger RNA; ocelli; organoids; proteins; snails;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... BMP signaling is involved in many aspects of metazoan development, with two of the most conserved functions being to pattern the dorsal-ventral axis and to specify neural versus epidermal fates. An active area of research within developmental biology asks how BMP signaling was modified over evolution to build disparate body plans. Animals belonging to the superclade Spiralia/Lophotrochozoa are exc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.04.008

11. Life after the mother's hug: Late post-embryonic development of Cryptops parisi (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae)

Author:
Stojanović, Dalibor Z.; Vujić, Vukica D.; Lučić, Luka R.; Tomić, Vladimir T.; Makarov, Slobodan E.; Mitić, Bojan M.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2020 v.57 pp. 100948
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Cryptopidae; adults; animal morphology; arthropods; multivariate analysis; sexual dimorphism; sutures; Serbia;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Here we describe in detail the late post-embryonic development of the common European scolopendromorph centipede Cryptops parisi. Canonical variate analyses of two groups of external morphological characters, viz., cephalic capsule characters (head length, length of the anterior and posterior paramedian cephalic sutures) and coxopleuron surface characters (number of pores in the coxal pore-field, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2020.100948

12. Morphological changes associated with brachypterous Triatoma guasayana (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their relationship with flight

Author:
Hernández, María Laura; Espinoza, Jorge; Gomez, Marinely; Gorla, David
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2020 v.40 no.2 pp. 413-421
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Triatoma; eyes; flight; imagos; insects; morphometry; morphs; phenotype; thorax; vector control; wings;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flight is the main form of dispersion for adult triatomines. It is postulated here that some body morphological parameters vary in T. guasayana according to a greater or lesser wing development, which would allow to estimate their flight capacity. Furthermore, there are observations which allow to suggest that the wings alone would not present the entirety of the information on the flight ability ...
DOI:
10.1007/s42690-019-00092-9

13. Naïve domestic Bos taurus calves recognize the scent of a canine predator

Author:
Adcock, Sarah J.J.; Tucker, Cassandra B.
Source:
Animal behaviour 2020 v.164 pp. 173-180
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Canis latrans; dairy calves; deer; dogs; domestication; heart rate; milk; odors; predators; urine;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Wild ungulates can recognize certain predators without previous experience, but this innate ability may be relaxed under domestication. Using naïve dairy calves, Bos taurus, we examined the effects of exposure to a predator odour (coyote, Canis latrans, urine) and two control odours (deer urine and water) on (1) latency to approach a milk food reward, (2) exploration, vigilance and locomotor play, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.04.009

14. Visualizing mesoderm and neural crest cell dynamics during chick head morphogenesis

Author:
McKinney, Mary Cathleen; McLennan, Rebecca; Giniunaite, Rasa; Baker, Ruth E.; Maini, Philip K.; Othmer, Hans G.; Kulesa, Paul M.
Source:
Developmental biology 2020 v.461 no.2 pp. 184-196
ISSN:
0012-1606
Subject:
head,   etc   ; chicks; computer simulation; congenital abnormalities; image analysis; mesoderm; models; morphogenesis; neural crest; streams;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vertebrate head morphogenesis involves carefully-orchestrated tissue growth and cell movements of the mesoderm and neural crest to form the distinct craniofacial pattern. To better understand structural birth defects, it is important that we characterize the dynamics of these processes and learn how they rely on each other. Here we examine this question during chick head morphogenesis using time-l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.02.010
PubMed:
32084354
PubMed Central:
PMC7198335

15. Two new species of Elathous Reitter, 1890 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Syria

Author:
Németh, Tamás; Prosvirov, Alexander S.; Kundrata, Robin
Source:
Zoology in the Middle East 2020 v.66 no.2 pp. 167-177
ISSN:
2326-2680
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Elateridae; animal morphology; biodiversity; male genitalia; new species; scientific illustration; taxon descriptions; Syria;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two new species of the genus Elathous Reitter, 1890 from Syria are described and illustrated. Elathous serjillensis sp. n. is morphologically similar to another Syrian species, E. ekaterinae Preiss, 2003, from which it differs by the shapes of head, pronotum and male genitalia. Elathous transversalis sp. n. can easily be distinguished from its congeners by its pronotum which is distinctly wider th ...
DOI:
10.1080/09397140.2020.1757909

16. First report of Siphonaptera parasites in Canis latrans in the Flora and Fauna Protection Area, Médanos de Samalayuca Chihuahua, Mexico

Author:
Hernández-Urbina, Cesar Francisco; Vital-García, Cuauhcihuatl; Escárcega Ávila, Angélica M.; Colima, Ana Gatica; Sánchez-Olivas, Martha P.; Clemente-Sánchez, Fernando
Source:
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 2020 v.20 pp. 100379
ISSN:
2405-9390
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Canis latrans; Pulex irritans; animal diseases; ectoparasites; fauna; females; flora; males; summer; winter; Mexico;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Siphonaptera are hematophage parasite vectors of both human and animal diseases. We aimed to identify ectoparasites parasitizing a coyote population (Canis latrans) in the northwest region of the Flora and Fauna Protection Area Médanos de Samalayuca, Chihuahua, Mexico. We captured 21 coyotes (15 males and 6 females) during the summer and winter of 2018. The individuals were anesthetized and thorou ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100379

17. Morphological and masticatory performance variation of mouth behavior groups

Author:
Franks, Erin M.; Jeltema, Melissa; Luck, Paige J.; Beckley, Jacqueline; Foegeding, E. Allen; Vinyard, Christopher J.
Source:
Journal of texture studies 2020 v.51 no.2 pp. 343-351
ISSN:
0022-4901
Subject:
head,   etc   ; food choices; mouth; mouthfeel; multivariate analysis; purchasing; sample size; taste; texture; United States;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Food texture preference and product acceptance are hypothesized to be influenced by mouth behavior. Recent work identified four mouth behavior (MB) groups that describe most consumers in the United States: Chewers, Crunchers, Smooshers, and Suckers. While these behavioral preferences are thought to play a significant role in food selection and purchasing decisions, it is unknown how closely they r ...
DOI:
10.1111/jtxs.12483

18. Diagnosis and treatment of an enterococcus fecalis abscess in the cranial vault of a spotted eagle ray (aetobatus narinari)

Author:
Delaune, Alexa J.; Anderson, Chelsea E.
Source:
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2020 v.51 no.1 pp. 249-252
ISSN:
1937-2825
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Aetobatus narinari; Enterococcus faecalis; abscess; adults; animals; brain; females; oxytetracycline; skull; ultrasonics;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... An adult female spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) presented for medical evaluation due to a swelling located on the dorsal head. Ultrasound revealed that the swelling originated from a large pocket of fluid in the cranial vault. The swelling was aspirated, and purulent discharge was obtained; Enterococcus faecalis was cultured. An incision was made over the swelling in an attempt to drain flu ...
DOI:
10.1638/2019-0155

19. Technical analysis in Tsuri-goshi through three complementary observational analysis

Author:
Prieto-Lage, I.; Rodríguez-Souto, M.; Prieto, M.A.; Gutiérrez-Santiago, A.
Source:
Physiology & behavior 2020 v.216 pp. 112804
ISSN:
0031-9384
Subject:
head,   etc   ; analytical methods; computer software; descriptive statistics; learning; neurons; observational studies; recording equipment; students; teachers;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of this article is to identify the factors involved in learning judo based on an observational study of technical errors and their relationships. The analysis was carried out using a combination of a self-generated observational instrument (OI-JUDO-TG) and a recording instrument (developed with the Lince software) using a sample of 78 novice students. In addition, descriptive statistics an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112804

20. Accuracy of a magnetic resonance imaging‐based 3D printed stereotactic brain biopsy device in dogs

Author:
Gutmann, Sarah; Winkler, Dirk; Müller, Marcel; Möbius, Robert; Fischer, Jean‐Pierre; Böttcher, Peter; Kiefer, Ingmar; Grunert, Ronny; Flegel, Thomas
Source:
Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2020 v.34 no.2 pp. 844-851
ISSN:
0891-6640
Subject:
head,   etc   ; biopsy; body weight; brain; cadaver; dogs; magnetism; skull; t-test; three-dimensional printing; veterinary medicine;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Brain biopsy of intracranial lesions is often necessary to determine specific therapy. The cost of the currently used stereotactic rigid frame and optical tracking systems for brain biopsy in dogs is often prohibitive or accuracy is not sufficient for all types of lesion. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the application accuracy of an inexpensive magnetic resonance imaging‐based personalized, 3 ...
DOI:
10.1111/jvim.15739
PubMed:
32091636
PubMed Central:
PMC7096628