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1. Experimental investigation of cranial fracture initiation in blunt human head impacts

Author:
Isa, Mariyam I.; Fenton, Todd W.; Goots, Alexis C.; Watson, Elena O.; Vaughan, Patrick E.; Wei, Feng
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.300 pp. 51-62
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
head,   etc   ; biomechanics; humans;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The relationship between the point of blunt impact and the location of cranial fracture initiation continues to be poorly understood. The current study used high-speed video to capture cranial fracture initiation and propagation in impact experiments on twelve unembalmed, intact human cadaver heads. Video footage provided direct evidence that blunt cranial impacts can produce linear fractures init ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.003

2. A forced‐choice preferential looking task for the assessment of vision in dogs: pilot study

Author:
Graham, K. L.; Byosiere, S.‐E.; Feng, L. C.; Sanders, M.; Bennett, P. C.; Caruso, K.; McCowan, C. I.; White, A.
Source:
Thejournal of small animal practice 2019 v.60 no.6 pp. 340-347
ISSN:
0022-4510
Subject:
head,   etc   ; dogs; eyes; humans; pets; vision;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVES: To describe preliminary use of a forced‐choice preferential looking task for the clinical assessment of vision in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The vision of 18 pet dogs was investigated in two separate studies using a forced‐choice preferential looking task: multiple observers watched eye, head and body movements on video recordings to identify cues suggesting when a dog had seen the f ...
DOI:
10.1111/jsap.12965

3. How to recognise the traces left on a crime scene by a 3D-printed Liberator? Part 2. Elements of ammunition, marks on the weapons and polymer fragments

Author:
Honsberger, Hanna; Werner, Denis; Rhumorbarbe, Damien; Riva, Fabiano; Glardon, Matthieu; Gallusser, Alain; Delémont, Olivier
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.295 pp. 137-144
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
head,   etc   ; crime; forensic sciences; melting; polymers;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Liberator is a firearm that can be manufactured from its blueprints by the means of a 3D-printer. This handgun is composed of nineteen pieces: eighteen made of printed polymer and one metallic nail. This study focuses on the physical traces which can be found and exploited from a forensic point of view after the discharging of such types of pistols. Two main aspects have been investigated: (1) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.12.010

4. First Records of the Pacific Snake Eel, Ophichthus triserialis, In Oregon Waters

Author:
Pickens, Francisco AT; Ortega, Jordan D; Le, Anna P; Konstantinidis, Peter
Source:
Northwestern naturalist 2018 v.99 no.3 pp. 239-241
ISSN:
1051-1733
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Ophichthus; coasts; Oregon;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... We document the 1st records of the Pacific Snake Eel, Ophichthus triserialis, from washed-up specimens on the coast of Oregon. One specimen, with a damaged head region, was found near a public beach in Lincoln City, Lincoln County, Oregon, on 21 January 2017. We discuss another specimen found on a beach near Bandon, Coos County, Oregon, in March 2016. ...
DOI:
10.1898/NWN18-15.1

5. High‐speed displays encoding motor skill trigger elevated territorial aggression in downy woodpeckers

Author:
Schuppe, Eric R.; Fuxjager, Matthew J.
Source:
Functional ecology 2018 v.32 no.2 pp. 450-460
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
head,   etc   ; aggression; neck; woodpeckers;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many species perform social displays that incorporate complex body movements. However, the reason why such exaggerated behavioural signals evolve in the first place is unclear. Recent work posits that physical displays arise in part because they showcase an animal's motor skill—that is, the ability to produce challenging motor acts with great coordination, precision and/or speed. Support for this ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.13010

6. Sensitivity of the head velocity in density currents to the various initial conditions

Author:
Kooti, Farid; Kashefipour, Seyed Mahmood
Source:
ISH journal of hydraulic engineering 2018 v.24 no.1 pp. 74-80
ISSN:
2164-3040
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Reynolds number; prediction;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The sensitivity of the head velocity in saline density currents was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the head velocity is more sensitive to the slope variation when the discharge is lower, but no significant sensitivity appeared in different densities. Head velocity was also more sensitive to the discharge changes in smaller slopes, but greater densities; whereas the effect of ...
DOI:
10.1080/09715010.2017.1350118

7. Validity of Abudefduf caudobimaculatus Okada and Ikeda 1939 and synonymies of Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard 1825) (Perciformes: Pomacentridae)

Author:
Wibowo, Kunto; Toda, Minoru; Motomura, Hiroyuki
Source:
Ichthyological research 2018 v.65 no.1 pp. 78-91
ISSN:
1341-8998
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Abudefduf; holotypes; lectotypes;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Abudefduf caudobimaculatus Okada and Ikeda 1939, having long been regarded as a junior synonym of Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard 1825), is herein redescribed as a valid species on the basis of the holotype and 77 additional specimens. Abudefduf caudobimaculatus can be distinguished from A. vaigiensis in having 11–13 (modally 12) dorsal-fin soft rays, 4 scale rows above the lateral line, 2½ ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10228-017-0594-3

8. Length, weight and head circumference as reliable signs of maturity in a modern German birth collective

Author:
Bielemeyer, Maren; Rothschild, Markus A.; Schmolling, Jan C.; Eifinger, Frank; Banaschak, Sibylle
Source:
Forensic science international 2018 v.293 pp. 17-23
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
head circumference,   etc   ; forensic sciences; neonates;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Signs of maturity such as weight, length and head circumference are still a measure used to investigate cases of suspected neonaticides as they help to differentiate between newborns born dead or alive. However, limit values for these signs have not changed for a long time. Our study considers whether limit values should have changed and which validity the current ones have. We investigated the ca ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.10.012

9. Cranial blunt force trauma in relation to the victim’s position: An experimental study using polyurethane bone spheres

Author:
Ruchonnet, Antoine; Diehl, Mallory; Tang, Yi-Hua; Kranioti, Elena F.
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.301 pp. 350-357
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
head,   etc   ; gelatin; humans; necropsy; polyurethanes; rubber; skull; swine;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Blunt force trauma is the most common injury found during autopsies. Among the cases involving blunt force injuries, fractures to the skull are the most frequent, and these are often fatal to the victim. Understanding the circumstances surrounding the creation of such injuries is essential for investigating trauma-related deaths. This paper explores the characteristics of cranial trauma produced f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.051

10. Hammer blows to the head

Author:
Ramsthaler, F.; Kettner, M.; Potente, S.; Verhoff, M.A.; Seibert, H.; Reis, M.; Diebels, S.; Roland, M.
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.301 pp. 358-370
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
head,   etc   ; gender differences; men; skull; violence; volunteers; women;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hammer blows cause serious, often fatal injuries, especially when massive blunt violence is targeted at the head region. The evaluation of the injury potential depends not only on the body region hit, but also on the characteristics of the hammer as a weapon and on the physical characteristics of the attacker.This study aimed at elucidating the dependency between the physical constitution of a per ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.045

11. A coupled physical-computational methodology for the investigation of short fall related infant head impact injury

Author:
Khalid, Ghaidaa A.; Prabhu, Raj K.; Arthurs, Owen; Jones, Michael D.
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.300 pp. 170-186
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
head,   etc   ; childhood; children; death; forensic sciences; models; risk; skull;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Head injury in childhood is the most common cause of death or permanent disability from injury. However, insufficient understanding exists of the response of a child’s head to injurious loading scenarios to establish cause and effect relationships to assist forensic and safetly investigations. Largely as a result of a lack of availability of paediatric clinical and Post-Mortem-Human-Surrogate (PMH ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.034

12. Behavioural and pathological insights into a case of active cannibalism by a grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) on Helgoland, Germany

Author:
van Neer, Abbo; Gross, Stephanie; Kesselring, Tina; Wohlsein, Peter; Leitzen, Eva; Siebert, Ursula
Source:
Journal of sea research 2019 v.148-149 pp. 12-16
ISSN:
1385-1101
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Halichoerus grypus; cannibalism; juveniles; lacerations; males; predation; seals; Germany;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... First reports on cases of grey seal predation on other marine mammals from different parts of Europe have been published in recent years, but few cases provide sufficient detail. Here we report a case of active cannibalism by a grey seal, which has been witnessed and recorded in detail on the German island of Helgoland, describing particular behavioural aspects and lesions. In March 2018, a subadu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.seares.2019.03.004

13. Small, but oh my! Head morphology of adult Aleuropteryx spp. and effects of miniaturization (Insecta: Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae)

Author:
Randolf, Susanne; Zimmermann, Dominique
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2019 v.50 pp. 1-14
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Coniopterygidae; Megaloptera; adults; arthropods; brain; lacewings; ommatidia;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... We present the first morphological study of the internal head structures of adults of the coniopterygid genus Aleuropteryx, which belong to the smallest known lacewings. The head is ventrally closed with a gula, which is unique in adult Neuroptera and otherwise developed in Megaloptera, the sister group of Neuroptera. The dorsal tentorial arms are directed posteriorly and fused, forming an arch th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2019.02.001

14. Discovery of swimming larvae in Elmidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)

Author:
Hayashi, Masakazu; Sota, Teiji
Source:
Entomological science 2019 v.22 no.1 pp. 3-5
ISSN:
1343-8786
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Elmidae; abdomen; gills; insect larvae; legs; swimming; thorax;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aquatic larvae of the family Elmidae (Coleoptera) have been considered unable to swim because they lack swimming setae on their body and legs. We discovered that riffle beetle larvae (Leptelmis gracilis Sharp) are in fact able to swim. After opening the tuft‐like gills on the last abdominal segment they swim by repeatedly bending the abdomen into a U‐shape very quickly and in a wavy manner, wh ...
DOI:
10.1111/ens.12333

15. Cannibalism associated with artificial wounds on the bodies of Reticulitermes speratus workers and soldiers (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Author:
Yamanaka, Y.; Iwata, R.; Kiriyama, S.
Source:
Insectes sociaux 2019 v.66 no.1 pp. 107-117
ISSN:
0020-1812
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Reticulitermes speratus; abdomen; cannibalism; death; social insects; thorax; vibration;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... We investigated the cannibalism and its association with cannibalistic grooming in Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe), first by observing workers’ cannibalistic behavior against workers artificially wounded on different body parts. Almost all the wounded thoraces and abdomina were eaten, while in some of the abdomen-wounded individuals, nestmates’ cannibalism extended from the abdomen to the thorax, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00040-018-0661-4

16. Distribution of Alaria spp. mesocercariae in waterfrogs

Author:
Voelkel, Antonia Christine; Dolle, Sandra; Koethe, Martin; Haas, Jenny; Makrutzki, Gregor; Birka, Stefan; Lücker, Ernst; Hamedy, Ahmad
Source:
Parasitology research 2019 v.118 no.2 pp. 673-676
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Alaria; Pelophylax; forelimbs; frogs; hindlimbs; necropsy; parasites; torso;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The distribution of Alaria-spp.-mesocercariae within the host is relevant for the examination via Alaria spp. mesocercariae migration technique (AMT) regarding predilection sites and may indicate an interaction between parasite and host. Naturally Alaria-exposed frogs of Pelophylax species (n = 13) were examined for systemic distribution and localization-specific parasite density of Alaria spp. me ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-018-6133-y

17. Identification of suitable reference genes for miRNA quantitation in bumblebee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) response to reproduction

Author:
Dong, Jie; Li, Jilian; Huang, Jiaxing; Wu, Jie
Source:
Apidologie 2019 v.50 no.1 pp. 40-50
ISSN:
0044-8435
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Bombus; algorithms; genes; microRNA; ovipositor; reproduction; tissues;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The precise quantification of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression level is a critical factor in mastering its functions. We evaluate the suitability of two common genes and ten miRNAs as normalizers for miRNA quantification in the head and ovary at different reproductive status of bumblebees, Bombus lantschouensis by using four different algorithms and one consensus rank approach. For the head and ovary ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13592-018-0616-9

18. Cladistic analysis of the Xylocopa caffra (Linnaeus, 1767) species-group (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Author:
Mawdsley, Jonathan R.
Source:
Tropical zoology 2019 v.32 no.1 pp. 49-57
ISSN:
1970-9528
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Xylocopa; adults; color; computer software; females; mimicry (behavior); monophyly;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Results of a cladistic analysis of the species of the African Xylocopa caffra (Linnaeus, 1767) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae, genus Xylocopa Latreille, 1802) are presented. Thirty-five external adult morphological characters were coded for the twelve species in this group plus two outgroup taxa. Cladistic analysis with the computer program “TNT” recovered a single most parsimonious tree of 45 ...
DOI:
10.1080/03946975.2018.1549866

19. A new species, Propherallodus longipterus, from the Philippines and redescription of P. briggsi Shiogaki and Dotsu 1983 (Gobiesocidae: Diplocrepinae)

Author:
Fujiwara, Kyoji; Motomura, Hiroyuki
Source:
Ichthyological research 2019 v.66 no.1 pp. 35-48
ISSN:
1341-8998
Subject:
head,   etc   ; Gobiesocidae; eyes; holotypes; new species; nose; redescriptions; vertebrae; Philippines;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Propherallodus longipterus sp. nov. (Gobiesocidae: Diplocrepinae) is described on the basis of three specimens (17.0–22.8 mm in standard length: SL) from the Philippines. The new species is characterized by the following characters: 8 or 9 dorsal-fin rays; 8 anal-fin rays; 23 or 24 pectoral-fin rays; 34 vertebrae; upper end of gill membrane level with 7th or 8th pectoral-fin ray base in lateral vi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10228-018-0645-4

20. Effect of gamma radiation on the production of bystander signals from three earthworm species irradiated in vivo

Author:
Rusin, Andrej; Lapied, Emmanuel; Le, Michelle; Seymour, Colin; Oughton, Deborah; Haanes, Hallvard; Mothersill, Carmel
Source:
Environmental research 2019 v.168 pp. 211-221
ISSN:
0013-9351
Subject:
head,   etc   ; animal tissues; culture media; earthworms; gamma radiation; mitochondria;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The effect of gamma radiation delivered over 24 h on the induction of bystander signals of three earthworm species exposed in vivo was investigated: A. chlorotica, A. caliginosa, and E. tetraedra. Worms were exposed to external gamma irradiation (Co-60 source) for 24 h and samples of head, body, and clitellum were dissected from exposed and control worms and placed in culture medium for 24 h at 19 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.023