An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
herbivores, etc ; chemical defenses; phytochemicals; India; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Gall-inducing insects are highly specialized in modifying phenotypes in their hosts. Phytochemical manipulations in galling sites induce tissue growth and differentiation and also refurbish defense response in plant against herbivore infestation. Therefore, plant–herbivore interaction coevolves and gives rise to a chemical arms race by employing refined chemical defense and detoxification mechanis ...
herbivores, etc ; Stanleya pinnata; hyperaccumulators; leaves; selenium; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Earlier studies have shown that Stanleya pinnata benefits from selenium hyperaccumulation through ecological benefits and enhanced growth. However, no investigation has assayed the effects of Se hyperaccumulation on plant fitness in the field. This research aimed to analyze how variation in Se accumulation affects S. pinnata fitness, judged from physiological and biochemical performance parameters ...
herbivores, etc ; information exchange; plant response; planting; prediction; risk; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The ability to predict future risks is essential for many organisms, including plants. Plants can gather information about potential future herbivory by detecting volatiles that are emitted by herbivore‐attacked neighbors. Several individual volatiles have been identified as active danger cues. Recent work has also shown that plants may integrate multiple volatiles into their defense responses. He ...
herbivores, etc ; biomass; fish; habitats; macroalgae; predation; New Zealand; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Marine reserves can increase the abundance and size of harvested fish species, but the indirect effects of protection on wider fish assemblages are less well understood. Better understanding how marine reserves indirectly effect reef fish is essential to interpreting changes in non-targeted taxa and informing management expectations as to the long-term effects of marine protection. We investigated ...
herbivores, etc ; Malpighiaceae; cerrado; ecosystems; forests; fruits; landscapes; savannas; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Road edge effects consist of changes in abiotic and biotic conditions resulting from the new artificial boundaries on the vegetation that are created by a road. It is known that edge effects can have variable direct and indirect influences on the biota, can be species-specific and also site-specific. However, edge effects for most plant species and most of their respective reproductive components ...
herbivores, etc ; databases; flower color; flowers; geographical distribution; insects; phylogeny; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Florivory is an ancient interaction which has rarely been quantified due to a lack of standardized protocols, thus impairing biogeographical and phylogenetic comparisons. We created a global, continuously updated, open‐access database comprising 180 species and 64 families to compare floral damage between tropical and temperate plants, to examine the effects of plant traits on floral damage, and t ...
herbivores, etc ; Cactaceae; Curculionidae; adults; cacti and succulents; death; surveys; Mexico; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... This is the first scientific report of the behavior of adult Gerstaeckeria bifasciata (Gerstaecker, 1860) and the damage they cause on the globose cactus Stenocactus obvallatus (DC.) A. Berger ex A.W. Hill (Cactaceae). During 2017, we surveyed a population of S. obvallatus (N = 337 plants) in Tierra Blanca, Guanajuato, Mexico, recording the damage that they presented in their stems. A year later, ...
herbivores, etc ; Vicia villosa; arthropods; biodiversity; entomology; neonicotinoid insecticides; soybeans; Mississippi; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Winter annual cover crops can be planted before soybean in Mississippi for many agronomic reasons. Incorporating winter annual cover crops into soybean production changes the seasonal hosts within fields. Some studies suggest that reducing tillage and using diverse species of cover crops can increase arthropod diversity and predator activity. Neonicotinoid seed treatments are often implemented to ...
herbivores, etc ; Publilia concava; eggs; females; mutualism; prediction; risk; survival rate; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Theoretical studies have shown that in protection mutualism, the modification of top‐down control by protectors may be destabilizing. Central to this prediction are the assumptions that (1) protection mutualism increases the abundance of protected partners, (2) this increased abundance generates a lagged effect on partner resources, and (3) spatial dynamics can be ignored. Although a number of stu ...
herbivores, etc ; Lepidoptera; data collection; phylogeny; species diversity; trees; tropical forests; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The mechanisms driving species co‐occurrence are varied and include biotic interactions, abiotic factors, and scale‐dependent processes. Based on a comprehensive dataset of lepidopteran herbivores recorded from a large‐scale forest biodiversity experiment, we tested the contribution to herbivore species co‐occurrence of herbivore phylogenetic relatedness, plant diversity and functional traits, and ...
herbivores, etc ; Chrysomelidae; entomology; forests; greenhouses; insects; oviposition; predation; species diversity; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The relationship between plant diversity and ecosystems functions such as regulation of insect herbivory is complex and context‐dependent. The empirical data necessary to account for these interactions are scarce. Our objective is to test the top‐down effects of predation and bottom‐up effects of plant traits to understand what drives patterns of herbivory in managed systems. We established single ...
herbivores, etc ; aboveground biomass; allometry; arid lands; forest inventory; forests; savannas; wildfires; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Almost one third of global drylands are open forests and savannas, which are typically shaped by frequent natural disturbances such as wildfire and herbivory. Studies on ecosystem functions and services of woody vegetation require robust estimates of aboveground biomass (AGB). However, most methods have been developed for comparatively undisturbed forest ecosystems. As they are not tailored to acc ...
herbivores, etc ; biogeography; food webs; geographical distribution; paleoecology; research programs; species diversity; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... STATE OF THE ART: Theory predicts that herbivore pressure should be weaker on islands than on the mainland, owing to lower herbivore abundance and diversity because of dispersal constraints and environmental filtering. As a result, plants on islands should invest less in defences against herbivory. Although early empirical studies supported these predictions, recent systematic island–mainland comp ...
herbivores, etc ; animals; biomass; body weight; ecosystems; functional diversity; leaves; models; vegetation; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Animal biodiversity, and its key roles in ecosystem state and functioning, is facing critical challenges in the wake of anthropogenic activities. It is urgently necessary to improve understanding of the interconnections between animals and the vegetation within ecosystems. Process-based modelling has shown to be a mighty tool in making assessments on ecological processes. We assess the effect of d ...
herbivores, etc ; Azteca; Byrsonima; applied ecology; habitats; leaves; nests; reproduction; tropical forests; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Tropical tree-climbing lianas form paths that benefit foraging of dominant ants which might protect the host tree against herbivores. In contrast, lianas are often associated with negative effects on growth and reproduction of host trees due to light obstruction, structural stress and other negative effects. It is unclear if dominant ants could mitigate the negative effects of lianas on host plant ...
herbivores, etc ; animal behavior; cognition; energy conservation; energy intake; forests; fruits; locomotion; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Seasonal environments challenge animals, increasing the complexity of locating resources. Navigation may rely on ‘habitual routes’ or ‘Euclidean’ maps: following established routes or computing novel paths, respectively. Folivores are presumed to rely on evenly distributed resources and thus have a reduced reliance on navigation. We tested whether the navigation strategy of southern bamboo lemurs, ...
herbivores, etc ; Nesidiocoris tenuis; chlorpyrifos; host plants; lambda-cyhalothrin; neurotoxicity; reproduction; spinosad; tomatoes; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Pesticides can be noxious to non‐target beneficial arthropods and their negative effects have been recently recognized even at low doses. The predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) plays an important role in controlling insect pests in solanaceous crops, but its concurrent herbivory often poses relevant concerns for tomato production. Although insecticide side effec ...
herbivores, etc ; Spartina alterniflora; genetic variation; salt marshes; sea level; seagrasses; species diversity; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Genotypic diversity has the potential to function in a similar manner to species diversity, particularly in ecosystems dominated by a single foundational plant, and may promote stability in the face of disturbance. However, it has primarily been documented only in terrestrial species or in seagrasses. We conducted three separate experiments in which we compared plant production between monoculture ...
herbivores, etc ; biomass production; forbs; grasses; grasshoppers; invertebrates; mixed-grass prairies; phytomass; regrowth; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The importance of cascading effects of grasshopper predators on plant biomass involving grasshoppers in grassland ecosystems appears variable. A constraint of most grasshopper trophic cascade studies to date is that they examine responses of a single grasshopper species, while grasshopper feeding guilds could affect whether a trophic cascade is observed. As grasslands are grass dominated, grass fe ...
herbivores, etc ; Helianthus annuus; achenes; cotyledons; developmental stages; research; wildlife; yields; Czech Republic; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The numbers of large wild herbivores are rising in the Czech Republic, leading to increased grazing pressure on agricultural crops, including the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which is highly sensitive to grazing. In this study, we aim to estimate the amount of damage to sunflower crops in the Czech Republic, experimentally evaluate the effects of grazing on sunflower development and yield and ...