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1. Density regulation of co-occurring herbivores via two indirect effects mediated by biomass and non-specific induced plant defenses

Author:
Yamauchi, Atsushi; Ikegawa, Yusuke; Ohgushi, Takayuki; Namba, Toshiyuki
Source:
Theoretical ecology 2021 v.14 no.1 pp. 41-55
ISSN:
1874-1738
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; models; phytomass; population size;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two herbivorous species that share a single plant can interact indirectly with one another, even without direct interaction. One type of indirect interaction is exploitative resource competition, which results from a reduction in plant biomass; another type is that caused by changes in plant traits. These are referred to as indirect effects, mediated, respectively, by biomass and plant traits. The ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12080-020-00479-2

2. Plant volatiles as regulators of plant defense and herbivore immunity: molecular mechanisms and unanswered questions

Author:
Hu, Lingfei; Zhang, Kaidi; Wu, Zhenwei; Xu, Jianming; Erb, Matthias
Source:
Current opinion in insect science 2021 v.44 pp. 82-88
ISSN:
2214-5745
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; biological insect control; immunity; parasitoids;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plants release distinct blends of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) upon herbivore attack. HIPVs have long been known to influence the behavior of herbivores and natural enemies. In addition, HIPVs can act as physiological regulators that induce or prime plant defenses. Recent work indicates that the regulatory capacity of HIPVs may extend to herbivore immunity: herbivores that are exposed ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cois.2021.03.010

3. Herbivory in Seagrass Meadows: an Evolving Paradigm

Author:
Valentine, John F.; Heck, Kenneth L., Jr
Source:
Estuaries and coasts 2021 v.44 no.2 pp. 491-505
ISSN:
1559-2723
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; humans; nutrient content; pollen; seagrasses;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the past few decades, we have learned much about the factors that regulate the productivity of seagrass-dominated ecosystems, especially those at low latitudes. Here, we update our previous assessments of the importance of seagrass-herbivore interactions, focusing on recent studies that have examined (1) the diversity of herbivores feeding on live seagrass leaves; (2) the factors that determine ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12237-020-00849-3

4. Feeding Habit and Lifestyle Influence the Baseline Micronuclei Frequency of Crab Species in Pristine Mangroves

Author:
Pinheiro, Marcelo Antonio Amaro; Kriegler, Nicholas; de Souza, Caroline Araújo; de Almeida Duarte, Luis Felipe
Source:
Wetlands 2021 v.41 no.2 pp. 30
ISSN:
0277-5212
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; crabs; diet; genotoxicity; lifestyle; omnivores; sediments;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Metals are harmful inorganic pollutants in aquatic environments when their concentrations are higher than expected (or tolerated) and, in low concentrations, they can lead sublethal genetic injuries. Baseline frequencies of micronucleated cells (MN‰) of three mangrove crab species were established in a pristine mangrove (Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, JIES). Aratus pisonii, Ucides cordatus and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13157-021-01427-4

5. Silicon Defence in Plants: Does Herbivore Identity Matter?

Author:
Johnson, Scott N.; Hartley, Susan E.; Moore, Ben D.
Source:
Trends in plant science 2021 v.26 no.2 pp. 99-101
ISSN:
1360-1385
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; diet; livestock; pests; physiology; silicon;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Silicon accumulation is a key defence against herbivorous pests, but may have wider detrimental impacts if plants become unpalatable for livestock. We argue that some herbivores are better adapted to silicon-rich diets than others; herbivore anatomy and physiology, and the nature of silicon deposition, are crucial to understanding these differences. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tplants.2020.10.005

6. Third upper molar enlargement in sigmodontine rodents (Cricetidae): morphological disparity and evolutionary convergence

Author:
Ronez, Christophe; Barbière, Franck; De Santis, Luciano; Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J.
Source:
Mammalia 2020 v.84 no.3 pp. 278-282
ISSN:
1864-1547
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Sigmodontinae; phylogeny; rodents;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... We studied the enlargement of the upper third molar (M3), with respect to the upper second molar in sigmodontine rodents, the largest subfamily of living cricetids. M3 is enlarged in extant and extinct members of at least six tribes (Andinomyini, Euneomyini, Oryzomyini, Phyllotini, Reithrodontini and Sigmodontini), all of them also sharing hypsodonty, planate crowns and overall dental simplificati ...
DOI:
10.1515/mammalia-2019-0031

7. Do calcium oxalate crystals protect against herbivory?

Author:
Paiva, Élder Antônio Sousa
Source:
Die Naturwissenschaften 2021 v.108 no.3 pp. 24
ISSN:
0028-1042
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; calcium; calcium oxalate; evolution; humans; microscopy; midgut; sand;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals have challenged human curiosity since the advent of microscopy. These crystals are linked to the control of calcium levels in plant cells, but they have also been attributed several other functions, including protection against herbivory. However, the protection offered by CaOx crystals against herbivory may be overstated, as claims have been mainly based on their s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00114-021-01735-z

8. Species-specific trade-offs between regrowth and mycorrhizas in the face of defoliation and phosphorus addition

Author:
Cavagnaro, R.A.; Oyarzabal, M.; Oesterheld, M.; Grimoldi, A.A.
Source:
Fungal ecology 2021 v.51 pp. 101058
ISSN:
1754-5048
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; biomass; carbon; defoliation; grasses; phosphorus; regrowth; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance nutrient provision in exchange for carbon. However, a shift from nutrient to carbon limitation, induced by repeated or intense defoliation, can represent a trade-off between plant regrowth and the maintenance of mycorrhiza. The combined effects of AMF, phosphorus and defoliation on growth of Agropyronelongatum (C₃ grass, low mycorrhizal responsiveness) an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101058

9. Synergistic effects of long‐term herbivory and previous fire on fine‐scale heterogeneity of prescribed grassland burns

Author:
Werner, Chhaya M.; Kimuyu, Duncan; Veblen, Kari E.; Sensenig, Ryan L.; LaMalfa, Eric; Young, Truman P.
Source:
Ecology 2021 v.102 no.4 pp. e03270
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; biodiversity conservation; drought; ecosystems; grasslands; savannas; spatial variation; Kenya;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Grassland and savanna ecosystems, important for both livelihoods and biodiversity conservation, are strongly affected by ecosystem drivers such as herbivory, fire, and drought. Interactions among fire, herbivores and vegetation produce complex feedbacks in these ecosystems, but these have rarely been studied in the context of fuel continuity and resultant fire heterogeneity. We carried out 36 cont ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecy.3270

10. Making Sense of the Way Plants Sense Herbivores

Author:
Arimura, Gen-ichiro
Source:
Trends in plant science 2021 v.26 no.3 pp. 288-298
ISSN:
1360-1385
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Arabidopsis; Spodoptera; defense mechanisms; doors; elicitors; hosts; models; moths;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plants are constantly threatened by herbivore attacks and must devise survival strategies. Some plants sense and respond to elicitors including specific molecules secreted by herbivores and molecules that are innate to plants. Elicitors activate diverse arrays of plant defense mechanisms that confer resistance to the predator. Recent new insights into the cellular pathways by which plants sense el ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.001

11. Student‐led field studies of herbivory: Hands‐on experiences for remote (or in‐person) learning

Author:
Berke, Sarah K.; Clark, Rebecca M.
Source:
Invertebrate biology 2021 v.140 no.1 pp. e12320
ISSN:
1077-8306
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; COVID-19 infection; invertebrates; plant biology; plants (botany);     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Challenging students to independently design and implement experiments is a powerful way to teach the scientific method while engaging with STEM‐related course material. For ecology and organismal biology, such experiences often take the form of field work. The COVID‐19 pandemic presented formidable challenges for instructors of such courses: How can students conduct any experiments, much less one ...
DOI:
10.1111/ivb.12320

12. Contrasting responses of plant and lichen carbon‐based secondary compounds across an elevational gradient

Author:
Asplund, Johan; van Zuijlen, Kristel; Roos, Ruben E.; Birkemoe, Tone; Klanderud, Kari; Lang, Simone I.; Wardle, David A.; Nybakken, Line
Source:
Functional ecology 2021 v.35 no.2 pp. 330-341
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; ecosystems; lichens; oxidative stress; species diversity; vascular plants;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vascular plants and lichens often produce a diversity of carbon‐based secondary compounds (CBSCs) to protect them against biotic and abiotic stresses. These compounds play important but often compound‐specific roles in community and ecosystem processes by affecting herbivore and decomposer activity. However, our understanding of what drives community‐level CBSCs among ecosystems or across environm ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.13712

13. Localized Overabundance of an Otherwise Rare Butterfly Threatens Endangered Cycads

Author:
Whitaker, Melissa R. L.; Salzman, Shayla; Gratacos, Xavier; Tucker Lima, Joanna M.
Source:
TheFlorida entomologist 2021 v.103 no.4 pp. 519-522
ISSN:
1938-5102
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; ; Lycaenidae; Zamia integrifolia; butterflies; entomologists; host range; larvae; Florida;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Though once considered extinct in Florida, the Eumaeus atala butterfly (Poey) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) has made a slow but steady recovery thanks to grassroots conservation efforts targeting the butterfly and its only native foodplant, the cycad Zamia integrifolia L.f. (Cycadales: Zamiaceae). A robust E. atala population occurs at the Montgomery Botanical Center, a research and conservation facil ...
DOI:
10.1653/024.103.00416

14. Deer Exclusion Changes Vegetation Structure and Hunting Guilds of Spiders, but Not Multitrophic Understory Biodiversity

Author:
Bucher, Roman; Rochlitz, Jonas; Wegner, Nathalie; Heiß, Anna; Grebe, Alexander; Schabo, Dana G.; Farwig, Nina
Source:
Diversity 2021 v.13 no.1
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; deer; forests; plant communities; species diversity; spiders; understory; Germany;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ungulate herbivores modify plant community compositions, which can modulate biodiversity at higher trophic levels. However, these cascading effects on herbivorous and predatory arthropods in forest ecosystems remain poorly understood. We compared plant and arthropod communities between fenced exclosures and unfenced control plots in a permanent forest in Germany. After five years of deer exclusion ...
DOI:
10.3390/d13010025

15. Spontaneous ingestion of water by a free-ranging maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus, in the Ibura National Forest, northeastern Brazil

Author:
de Albuquerque, Natasha Moraes; Ruiz-Esparza, Juan; da Rocha, Patrício Adriano; Beltrão-Mendes, Raone; Ferrari, Stephen Francis
ISSN:
0005-7959
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Bradypus; behavior; diet; ingestion; national forests; rain; sloths; Brazil;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Water is an important limiting factor in the ecology of many animals, and even in rainforests, arboreal mammals, such as sloths, may have limited access to water sources. Here, we describe the spontaneous ingestion of water by a free-ranging three-toed sloth (Bradypus torquatus). The event occurred in the Ibura National Forest, in northeastern Brazil, where a sub-adult B. torquatus was monitored o ...
DOI:
10.1163/1568539X-bja10059

16. Herbivory as a limiting factor for seagrass proximity to fringing reefs in Moorea, French Polynesia

Author:
Chiquillo, Kelcie L.; Mims, Brianna M.; Chong, Autumn U.; Johnson, Carly; Habtes, Sennai Y.; Fong, Caitlin R.; Barber, Paul H.; Fong, Peggy
Source:
Aquatic botany 2021 v.168 pp. 103294
ISSN:
0304-3770
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Halophila; Moorea; coral reefs; rhizomes; seagrasses; French Polynesia;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Seagrasses are important foundational species that frequently display distinct depth distributions, although the drivers of these patterns can be spatially and temporally variable. While the pantropical seagrass Halophila decipiens is known from waters as shallow as 1 m deep, in Moorea, French Polynesia we only found it > 6.4 m deep. To explore factors affecting depth distribution, we transplanted ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquabot.2020.103294

17. Membrane transporters: the key drivers of transport of secondary metabolites in plants

Author:
Gani, Umar; Vishwakarma, Ram A.; Misra, Prashant
Source:
Plant cell reports 2021 v.40 no.1 pp. 1-18
ISSN:
0721-7714
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; biosynthesis; cytotoxicity; extrusion; secondary metabolites; toxic substances;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE: This review summarizes the recent updates in the area of transporters of plant secondary metabolites, including their applied aspects in metabolic engineering of economically important secondary metabolites. Plants have evolved biosynthetic pathways to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites, which serve distinct functions, including defense against pathogens and herbivory, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00299-020-02599-9

18. Sea urchin repelling Tannin– FeIII complex coating for ocean macroalgal afforestation

Author:
Kim, Sinyang; Jung, Sang Mok; Jung, Sungjune; Shin, Hyun Woung; Hwang, Dong Soo
Source:
Chemosphere 2021 v.263 pp. 128276
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Echinoidea; afforestation; biomass; cost effectiveness; ecosystems; macroalgae; phlorotannins;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Intense seaweed grazing by sea urchins has destroyed kelp forests and accelerated the transformation of these forests into barren areas known as urchin barrens. Once the sea urchins occupy the barren ground, it becomes more challenging to restore the kelp forests. Although phlorotannin, a primary herbivore defense chemical secreted by kelp, has been reported to discourage feeding activities of mar ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128276

19. A review and assessment of fish trophic levels in a large reservoir of central Anatolia, Turkey

Author:
Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran; Ekmekçi, Fitnat Güler; Karachle, Paraskevi K.
Source:
Marine & freshwater research 2021 v.72 no.3 pp. 311-320
ISSN:
1323-1650
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Turkey (country); data collection; freshwater; indigenous species; research; stomach;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Estimating trophic levels of fishes plays an important role in shedding light on the trophic interactions in aquatic ecosystems. In this short review, available literature data were collected regarding feeding habits of fishes from Hirfanlı Reservoir, and the fractional trophic levels (TROPHs) were estimated. Following this, the applicability of functional trophic groups (FTG) proposed for marine ...
DOI:
10.1071/MF20161

20. Acacia trees with parasitic ants have fewer and less spacious spines than trees with mutualistic ants

Author:
Amador-Vargas, Sabrina; Dyer, Jared; Arnold, Natalie; Cavanaugh, Leah; Sánchez-Brenes, Elena
Source:
Die Naturwissenschaften 2020 v.107 no.1 pp. 3
ISSN:
0028-1042
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Acacia; energy; mutualism; trees;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Obligate ant-defended plants provide food and shelter in exchange for protection against herbivores. Mesoamerican acacia trees have an obligate ant mutualism, but parasitic non-defending ants can also nest on the tree. We assessed whether rewards corresponded to ant defense within a plant species. As we expected, we found that parasite-inhabited trees had fewer swollen spines than ant-defended tre ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00114-019-1647-4