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1. Density regulation of co-occurring herbivores via two indirect effects mediated by biomass and non-specific induced plant defenses

Author:
Yamauchi, Atsushi; Ikegawa, Yusuke; Ohgushi, Takayuki; Namba, Toshiyuki
Source:
Theoretical ecology 2021 v.14 no.1 pp. 41-55
ISSN:
1874-1738
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; models; phytomass; population size;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two herbivorous species that share a single plant can interact indirectly with one another, even without direct interaction. One type of indirect interaction is exploitative resource competition, which results from a reduction in plant biomass; another type is that caused by changes in plant traits. These are referred to as indirect effects, mediated, respectively, by biomass and plant traits. The ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12080-020-00479-2

2. Herbivory in Seagrass Meadows: an Evolving Paradigm

Author:
Valentine, John F.; Heck, Kenneth L., Jr
Source:
Estuaries and coasts 2021 v.44 no.2 pp. 491-505
ISSN:
1559-2723
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; humans; nutrient content; pollen; seagrasses;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the past few decades, we have learned much about the factors that regulate the productivity of seagrass-dominated ecosystems, especially those at low latitudes. Here, we update our previous assessments of the importance of seagrass-herbivore interactions, focusing on recent studies that have examined (1) the diversity of herbivores feeding on live seagrass leaves; (2) the factors that determine ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12237-020-00849-3

3. Silicon Defence in Plants: Does Herbivore Identity Matter?

Author:
Johnson, Scott N.; Hartley, Susan E.; Moore, Ben D.
Source:
Trends in plant science 2021 v.26 no.2 pp. 99-101
ISSN:
1360-1385
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; diet; livestock; pests; physiology; silicon;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Silicon accumulation is a key defence against herbivorous pests, but may have wider detrimental impacts if plants become unpalatable for livestock. We argue that some herbivores are better adapted to silicon-rich diets than others; herbivore anatomy and physiology, and the nature of silicon deposition, are crucial to understanding these differences. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tplants.2020.10.005

4. Third upper molar enlargement in sigmodontine rodents (Cricetidae): morphological disparity and evolutionary convergence

Author:
Ronez, Christophe; Barbière, Franck; De Santis, Luciano; Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J.
Source:
Mammalia 2020 v.84 no.3 pp. 278-282
ISSN:
1864-1547
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Sigmodontinae; phylogeny; rodents;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... We studied the enlargement of the upper third molar (M3), with respect to the upper second molar in sigmodontine rodents, the largest subfamily of living cricetids. M3 is enlarged in extant and extinct members of at least six tribes (Andinomyini, Euneomyini, Oryzomyini, Phyllotini, Reithrodontini and Sigmodontini), all of them also sharing hypsodonty, planate crowns and overall dental simplificati ...
DOI:
10.1515/mammalia-2019-0031

5. Species-specific trade-offs between regrowth and mycorrhizas in the face of defoliation and phosphorus addition

Author:
Cavagnaro, R.A.; Oyarzabal, M.; Oesterheld, M.; Grimoldi, A.A.
Source:
Fungal ecology 2021 v.51 pp. 101058
ISSN:
1754-5048
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; biomass; carbon; defoliation; grasses; phosphorus; regrowth; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance nutrient provision in exchange for carbon. However, a shift from nutrient to carbon limitation, induced by repeated or intense defoliation, can represent a trade-off between plant regrowth and the maintenance of mycorrhiza. The combined effects of AMF, phosphorus and defoliation on growth of Agropyronelongatum (C₃ grass, low mycorrhizal responsiveness) an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101058

6. Synergistic effects of long‐term herbivory and previous fire on fine‐scale heterogeneity of prescribed grassland burns

Author:
Werner, Chhaya M.; Kimuyu, Duncan; Veblen, Kari E.; Sensenig, Ryan L.; LaMalfa, Eric; Young, Truman P.
Source:
Ecology 2021 v.102 no.4 pp. e03270
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; biodiversity conservation; drought; ecosystems; grasslands; savannas; spatial variation; Kenya;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Grassland and savanna ecosystems, important for both livelihoods and biodiversity conservation, are strongly affected by ecosystem drivers such as herbivory, fire, and drought. Interactions among fire, herbivores and vegetation produce complex feedbacks in these ecosystems, but these have rarely been studied in the context of fuel continuity and resultant fire heterogeneity. We carried out 36 cont ...
DOI:
10.1002/ecy.3270

7. Making Sense of the Way Plants Sense Herbivores

Author:
Arimura, Gen-ichiro
Source:
Trends in plant science 2021 v.26 no.3 pp. 288-298
ISSN:
1360-1385
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Arabidopsis; Spodoptera; defense mechanisms; doors; elicitors; hosts; models; moths;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plants are constantly threatened by herbivore attacks and must devise survival strategies. Some plants sense and respond to elicitors including specific molecules secreted by herbivores and molecules that are innate to plants. Elicitors activate diverse arrays of plant defense mechanisms that confer resistance to the predator. Recent new insights into the cellular pathways by which plants sense el ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.001

8. Contrasting responses of plant and lichen carbon‐based secondary compounds across an elevational gradient

Author:
Asplund, Johan; van Zuijlen, Kristel; Roos, Ruben E.; Birkemoe, Tone; Klanderud, Kari; Lang, Simone I.; Wardle, David A.; Nybakken, Line
Source:
Functional ecology 2021 v.35 no.2 pp. 330-341
ISSN:
0269-8463
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; ecosystems; lichens; oxidative stress; species diversity; vascular plants;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vascular plants and lichens often produce a diversity of carbon‐based secondary compounds (CBSCs) to protect them against biotic and abiotic stresses. These compounds play important but often compound‐specific roles in community and ecosystem processes by affecting herbivore and decomposer activity. However, our understanding of what drives community‐level CBSCs among ecosystems or across environm ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2435.13712

9. Deer Exclusion Changes Vegetation Structure and Hunting Guilds of Spiders, but Not Multitrophic Understory Biodiversity

Author:
Bucher, Roman; Rochlitz, Jonas; Wegner, Nathalie; Heiß, Anna; Grebe, Alexander; Schabo, Dana G.; Farwig, Nina
Source:
Diversity 2021 v.13 no.1
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; deer; forests; plant communities; species diversity; spiders; understory; Germany;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ungulate herbivores modify plant community compositions, which can modulate biodiversity at higher trophic levels. However, these cascading effects on herbivorous and predatory arthropods in forest ecosystems remain poorly understood. We compared plant and arthropod communities between fenced exclosures and unfenced control plots in a permanent forest in Germany. After five years of deer exclusion ...
DOI:
10.3390/d13010025

10. Spontaneous ingestion of water by a free-ranging maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus, in the Ibura National Forest, northeastern Brazil

Author:
de Albuquerque, Natasha Moraes; Ruiz-Esparza, Juan; da Rocha, Patrício Adriano; Beltrão-Mendes, Raone; Ferrari, Stephen Francis
ISSN:
0005-7959
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Bradypus; behavior; diet; ingestion; national forests; rain; sloths; Brazil;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Water is an important limiting factor in the ecology of many animals, and even in rainforests, arboreal mammals, such as sloths, may have limited access to water sources. Here, we describe the spontaneous ingestion of water by a free-ranging three-toed sloth (Bradypus torquatus). The event occurred in the Ibura National Forest, in northeastern Brazil, where a sub-adult B. torquatus was monitored o ...
DOI:
10.1163/1568539X-bja10059

11. Membrane transporters: the key drivers of transport of secondary metabolites in plants

Author:
Gani, Umar; Vishwakarma, Ram A.; Misra, Prashant
Source:
Plant cell reports 2021 v.40 no.1 pp. 1-18
ISSN:
0721-7714
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; biosynthesis; cytotoxicity; extrusion; secondary metabolites; toxic substances;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE: This review summarizes the recent updates in the area of transporters of plant secondary metabolites, including their applied aspects in metabolic engineering of economically important secondary metabolites. Plants have evolved biosynthetic pathways to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites, which serve distinct functions, including defense against pathogens and herbivory, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00299-020-02599-9

12. Sea urchin repelling Tannin– FeIII complex coating for ocean macroalgal afforestation

Author:
Kim, Sinyang; Jung, Sang Mok; Jung, Sungjune; Shin, Hyun Woung; Hwang, Dong Soo
Source:
Chemosphere 2021 v.263 pp. 128276
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Echinoidea; afforestation; biomass; cost effectiveness; ecosystems; macroalgae; phlorotannins;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Intense seaweed grazing by sea urchins has destroyed kelp forests and accelerated the transformation of these forests into barren areas known as urchin barrens. Once the sea urchins occupy the barren ground, it becomes more challenging to restore the kelp forests. Although phlorotannin, a primary herbivore defense chemical secreted by kelp, has been reported to discourage feeding activities of mar ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128276

13. A review and assessment of fish trophic levels in a large reservoir of central Anatolia, Turkey

Author:
Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran; Ekmekçi, Fitnat Güler; Karachle, Paraskevi K.
Source:
Marine & freshwater research 2021 v.72 no.3 pp. 311-320
ISSN:
1323-1650
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Turkey (country); data collection; freshwater; indigenous species; research; stomach;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Estimating trophic levels of fishes plays an important role in shedding light on the trophic interactions in aquatic ecosystems. In this short review, available literature data were collected regarding feeding habits of fishes from Hirfanlı Reservoir, and the fractional trophic levels (TROPHs) were estimated. Following this, the applicability of functional trophic groups (FTG) proposed for marine ...
DOI:
10.1071/MF20161

14. Acacia trees with parasitic ants have fewer and less spacious spines than trees with mutualistic ants

Author:
Amador-Vargas, Sabrina; Dyer, Jared; Arnold, Natalie; Cavanaugh, Leah; Sánchez-Brenes, Elena
Source:
Die Naturwissenschaften 2020 v.107 no.1 pp. 3
ISSN:
0028-1042
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Acacia; energy; mutualism; trees;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Obligate ant-defended plants provide food and shelter in exchange for protection against herbivores. Mesoamerican acacia trees have an obligate ant mutualism, but parasitic non-defending ants can also nest on the tree. We assessed whether rewards corresponded to ant defense within a plant species. As we expected, we found that parasite-inhabited trees had fewer swollen spines than ant-defended tre ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00114-019-1647-4

15. Poplar protease inhibitor expression differs in an herbivore specific manner

Author:
Eberl, Franziska; Fabisch, Thomas; Luck, Katrin; Köllner, Tobias G.; Vogel, Heiko; Gershenzon, Jonathan; Unsicker, Sybille B.
Source:
BMC plant biology 2021 v.21 no.1 pp. 170
ISSN:
1471-2229
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Amata; Lymantria dispar; Phratora vulgatissima; Populus nigra; insects; leaf area; transcription (genetics); trees; trypsin;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitors are defense proteins widely distributed in the plant kingdom. By reducing the activity of digestive enzymes in insect guts, they reduce the availability of nutrients and thus impair the growth and development of the attacking herbivore. One well-characterized class of protease inhibitors are Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors (KTIs), which have been described in various ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12870-021-02936-4

16. Response of fungal endophyte communities within Andropogon gerardii (Big bluestem) to nutrient addition and herbivore exclusion

Author:
Watson, Monica; Bushley, Kathryn; Seabloom, Eric W.; May, Georgiana
Source:
Fungal ecology 2021 v.51 pp. 101043
ISSN:
1754-5048
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Andropogon gerardii; community structure; endophytes; field experimentation; fungal communities; fungi; grasses; leaves; species richness; symbionts;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fungal endophytes may alter plant responses to the environment, but how does the environment affect the communities of fungal symbionts within plants? We examined the impact of nutrient addition and herbivore exclusion on endophyte communities of the prairie grass Andropogon gerardii in a full factorial field experiment. Fungi were cultured from stems, young leaves, and mature leaves, ITS sequence ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101043

17. No consistent diversity patterns in terrestrial mammal assemblages along rural-urban forest gradients

Author:
Magura, Tibor; Kiss, Eszter; Lövei, Gábor L.
Source:
Basic and applied ecology 2021 v.52 pp. 38-45
ISSN:
1439-1791
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; applied ecology; biodiversity; carnivores; ecosystems; forests; habitat destruction; meta-analysis; omnivores; predation; urbanization;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Urbanization is increasing worldwide, fragmenting, isolating or destroying native habitats with a subsequent loss of biodiversity, structural and compositional changes of biotic communities and weakening of the functioning of biological processes and ecosystem services. In urban ecosystems, terrestrial mammals provide important functions and services, but we do not have a synthesis of the impacts ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.004

18. Apparent inhibition of induced plant volatiles by a fungal pathogen prevents airborne communication between potato plants

Author:
Moreira, Xoaquín; Granjel, Rodrigo R.; de la Fuente, María; Fernández‐Conradi, Pilar; Pasch, Viviana; Soengas, Pilar; Turlings, Ted C. J.; Vázquez‐González, Carla; Abdala‐Roberts, Luis; Rasmann, Sergio
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 2021 v.44 no.4 pp. 1192-1201
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Solanum tuberosum; environment; fungi; induced resistance; insects; pathogens; potatoes; volatile organic compounds;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plant communication in response to insect herbivory has been increasingly studied, whereas that involving pathogen attack has received much less attention. We tested for communication between potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants in response to leaf infection by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To this end, we measured the total amount and composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ...
DOI:
10.1111/pce.13961

19. Effects of temperature and plant diversity on orthopterans and leafhoppers in calcareous dry grasslands

Author:
Geppert, Costanza; La Bella, Greta; Boscutti, Francesco; Sanna, Francesco; Marangoni, Federico; Marini, Lorenzo
Source:
Journal of insect conservation 2021 v.25 no.2 pp. 287-296
ISSN:
1366-638X
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Orthoptera; botanical composition; climatic factors; community structure; insects; plant communities; species richness; temperature;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... In mountains, current land-use changes are altering plant communities of semi-natural grasslands with potential cascading effects on associated herbivores. Besides vegetation changes, temperature is also a key driver of insect diversity, and in the European Alps is predicted to increase by 0.25 °C per decade. Understanding herbivore responses to temperature and plant composition changes in mountai ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10841-021-00300-3

20. Epicormic bud protection traits vary along a latitudinal gradient in a neotropical savanna

Author:
de Campos, Bruna Helena; Guimarães, Elza; Canaveze, Yve; Machado, Silvia Rodrigues
Source:
Die Naturwissenschaften 2021 v.108 no.2 pp. 11
ISSN:
0028-1042
Subject:
herbivores,   etc   ; Miconia albicans; Neotropics; Solanum lycocarpum; climate change; drought; epicormics; regrowth; savannas; temperature; trichomes; Brazil;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Regrowth via production of epicormic shoots is an important strategy for many woody plants after environmental disturbances such as fire, drought, and herbivory. Populations spreading across a broad latitudinal gradient offer opportunities to investigate if essential traits vary with heterogenous environmental conditions, such as in savanna ecosystems. This information can help us predict plant re ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00114-021-01722-4