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... We identify an information basis that is necessary and sufficient for a local equivalence scale, constructed using the indifference surface associated with a poverty level of well-being. It makes less restrictive assumptions about preferences for households with different characteristics than widely used approaches to this problem. Our approach is best suited for poverty comparisons, where calibra ...
households, etc ; children; econometrics; journals; labor; models; utilities; weight; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper develops a non-parametric collective random utility model with a continuous choice of consumption and sharing. We allow for a heterogeneous population by introducing unobserved distribution factors and preferences that are non-separable in the stochastic household choice system. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for invertibility with respect to the vector of unobserved het ...
households, etc ; case studies; industrialization; poverty; rural areas; China; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... After nearly seventy years of poverty alleviation, China has basically solved the problem of providing food and clothing to the rural poor. However, the islanding effect of the distribution of the poor and the marginal diminishing effect of the antipoverty resources, which restrict the effects of poverty-eliminating strategies, are increasingly obvious. In this context, targeted poverty alleviatio ...
households, etc ; Europeans; entrepreneurship; farming systems; farms; rural development; towns; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Relying on an interview-based research carried out in Szeklerland (Eastern Transylvania) between 2011 and 2020, the present study investigates the impact of the new rural development paradigm on the first level indicated by Van der Ploeg et al. (2000): changes in the relationship between agriculture and local society. The analysed region does not form an administrative unit, it is the eastern regi ...
households, etc ; Australians; behavior change; design; food waste; foods; journals; schools; students; waste reduction; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Changing consumer food waste-related behaviours is critical to meeting global targets of halving food loss and waste. This paper presents a food waste reduction intervention trialled in five Australian schools and explores its influence on food provisioning practices, changed behaviours and food waste. Consisting of a mix of educational, skills-based, and whole-of-school-events, the intervention s ...
households, etc ; development projects; disasters; household surveys; livelihood; materials; natural resources; rural communities; shape; China; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... It has long been thought that the implementation of resettlement programs should focus on livelihood reconstruction in the long run rather than just concentrating on material compensation. There is to date little empirical evidence of the extent to which disaster resettlement may affect household adaptive capacity (HAC) in rural communities. To explore whether and how disaster resettlement is shap ...
households, etc ; aquarium fish; birds; cats; dogs; fields; game fish; lasers; pets; play activities; testing; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... It is common to observe play in dogs, cats, and birds, but have we been ignoring play in one of the most common house pets of all… fish? Aquarium fish are often used as meditative decoration in family households, but it could be that fish have similarly diverse behavioral repertoires as mammals and birds. To examine this theory, we conducted field tests at local pet stores where a range of aquariu ...
households, etc ; accountability; case studies; finance; humans; motivation; planning; prices; residential areas; rural areas; urbanization; villages; China; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rural China has undergone dramatic socioeconomic and spatial restructuring as a result of rapid urbanization and the implementation of a series of top-down reforms. In this paper, based on the actor-network perspective, we examine the actor translation process associated with implementation of various governmental strategies in Haoqiao, a poor village located in the northern Jiangsu Province in Ch ...
households, etc ; agricultural land; data collection; empirical research; issues and policy; land rights; leasing; markets; villages; China; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Chinese central government began the new round Land Certificated Program (LCP) in 2011, which separates operational land rights from previous contract rights to further improve the efficiency of farmland use. This paper aims to assess its impact therein. We use a dataset collected by the authors themselves of more than 2000 households in 2016, which was a random, nationally representative samp ...
households, etc ; catalysts; e-commerce; empirical research; employment; industry; modernization; rural areas; rural economics; technology; traditional farming; villages; China; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... In recent years, China's rural areas have undergone intense restructuring motivated by various flows derived from e-commerce, which has triggered a new wave of rural rejuvenation. Attempting to reveal the process and mechanism of rural economic restructuring driven by e-commerce, this paper takes Xiaying village in central China to conduct an empirical study by introducing the theory of “space of ...
households, etc ; acids; aquatic environment; chemical treatment; drinking water treatment; per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; planting; screening; tap water; unit process; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The massive use and the persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have led to their frequent detection in aquatic environments, which may further threaten drinking water safety. So far, our knowledge about the occurrence of PFAS in drinking water system is still very limited. Here we investigated the occurrence and removal of PFAS in a drinking water system using non-target, suspec ...
households, etc ; cutting; design; equations; equipment; food processing; journals; linear models; model validation; neural networks; prediction; regression analysis; shallots; stems; wills; Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... The shallot stem cutting machine process parameters were optimized and analyzed to develop predictive models for predicting the efficiency of the machine for scale up process. The efficiency of the machine was above 90%. Influence of peripheral speed of the rollers and inclination angle of the rollers on efficiency was determined and models were developed using multiple linear regression and artif ...
households, etc ; cooperative research; data collection; empirical research; food groups; food waste; packaging; packaging houses; presses; pressing; recycling; researchers; trophic relationships; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Interest is increasing among researchers and industry regarding packaging's potential to reduce household food waste (HFW). Researchers have recommended packaging solutions and the food/beverage–packaging industry have developed packaging solutions; are the recommendations and developments related? This review paper connects academic recommendations to industry practice by identifying and comparin ...
low income households, etc ; comparative study; electric energy consumption; electricity; energy; energy policy; greenhouse gases; market structure; new markets; society; solar energy; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Prior studies establish that electricity systems across the globe need to transition toward renewable energy and that renters have a low adoption of effective means to do so through access to household solar photovoltaics (PV). Yet, the economic, environmental, and social costs of low PV adoption by people who have trouble paying their electricity bills (hardship customers), who are more likely to ...
... Food loss and waste has become an increasingly discussed topic in recent years due to the associated economic and environmental burden. Knowledge and methodological gaps in quantifying food waste generation have been identified as the major obstacles in addressing the food waste generation issues by several researchers. Lack of standard methodology in quantifying food waste at households had led r ...
households, etc ; exhibitions; flow; markets; utilities; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... We evaluate the hypothesis that investors seek portfolios that display attractive return distributions in terms of Prospect Theory (PT). We consider the mutual fund market in the U.S. as an interesting testbed because fund investors are known to be return-chasing and about a half of U.S. households own mutual funds. Using monthly flow data from 1999–2019, we find that mutual funds attract higher n ...
households; low income households, etc ; assets; behavior; climate; face; flood damage; insurance; paper; risk; risk management; surveys; Germany; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flood risk may differ across income levels. In this paper, I employ unique survey data from more than 8000 households in Germany to derive an integrated flood risk indicator that accounts for local flood exposure, assets-at-risk, housing characteristics, and household coping behavior. The results suggest that low-income households, due to their smaller homes and less valuable assets, face lower mo ...
households, etc ; behavior; energy efficiency; journals; Australia; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Household norms have been shown to influence energy efficiency behaviors, but little is known about the relative influence of household norms when compared to other established drivers of household efficiency behaviors, such as comfort‐seeking, environmental concern and cost sensitivity. This paper unpacks the nature of the influence of household norms on household efficiency behaviors, whether as ...
households, etc ; economic incentives; energy policy; United States; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Financial incentives for rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption have declined in the United States over time by policy design. Incentive phase-down can efficiently promote early adoption and avoid ineffective payments to late adopters. However, incentive phase-down may exclude low- and moderate-income (LMI) households from realizing the same financial benefits from PV adoption as high-income ear ...
households, etc ; farmers; head; life insurance; rural areas; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Superstition is prevalent in rural areas, yet very few studies examine whether it affects rural households’ economic decisions. In this paper, we investigate the impact of “zodiac year” superstition on Chinese rural households’ life insurance spending. We find a statistically significant 18.5% increase in life insurance expenditure during the head’s zodiac year. Such a boost is only significant in ...