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1. Genetics of canine diabetes mellitus part 2: Current understanding and future directions

Author:
Denyer, Alice L.; Catchpole, Brian; Davison, Lucy J.
Source:
The veterinary journal 2021 v.270 pp. 105612
ISSN:
1090-0233
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; diabetes mellitus; dogs;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Part 1 of this 2-part review outlined the importance of disease classification in diabetes genetic studies, as well as the ways in which genetic variants may contribute to risk of a complex disease within an individual, or within a particular group of individuals. Part 2, presented here, describes in more detail our current understanding of the genetics of canine diabetes mellitus compared to our ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105612

2. Variational graph auto-encoders for miRNA-disease association prediction

Author:
Ding, Yulian; Tian, Li-Ping; Lei, Xiujuan; Liao, Bo; Wu, Fang-Xiang
Source:
Methods 2021 v.192 pp. 25-34
ISSN:
1046-2023
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; case studies; microRNA; models; prediction;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cumulative experimental studies have demonstrated the critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the diverse fundamental and important biological processes, and in the development of numerous complex human diseases. Thus, exploring the relationships between miRNAs and diseases is helpful with understanding the mechanisms, the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of complex diseases. As the identificat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.08.004

3. Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches

Author:
Chico, Timothy J. A.; Kugler, Elisabeth C.
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2021 v.78 no.9 pp. 4377-4398
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; functional properties; human health; models;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-021-03790-1

4. The relevance of mitochondrial morphology for human disease

Author:
Navaratnarajah, Tharsini; Anand, Ruchika; Reichert, Andreas S.; Distelmaier, Felix
Source:
The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2021 v.134 pp. 105951
ISSN:
1357-2725
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; adulthood; humans; infancy; mitochondria;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, which undergo frequent structural and metabolic changes to fulfil cellular demands. To facilitate these processes several proteins are required to regulate mitochondrial shape and interorganellar communication. These proteins include the classical mitochondrial fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) and fission proteins (DRP1, MFF, FIS1, etc.) as well as several ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105951

5. Phage Biobank: Present Challenges and Future Perspectives

Author:
Lin, Ruby CY; Sacher, Jessica C; Ceyssens, Pieter-Jan; Zheng, Jan; Khalid, Ali; Iredell, Jonathan R
Source:
Current opinion in biotechnology 2021 v.68 pp. 221-230
ISSN:
0958-1669
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; bacteriophages; biotechnology; models; phage therapy;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... After a century of use in human infection, the preparation and administration of therapeutic bacteriophages (phages) still relies on ad hoc partnerships of researchers, biotech companies, clinicians and regulators. There is a clear need to improve the reproducibility, safety and speed of the provision of suitable phages. Here we discuss the specific characteristics and challenges of a sustainable ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.018

6. Pathogens: Journal Section Readjustment

Author:
Young, Lawrence S.
Source:
Pathogens 2021 v.10 no.1
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; infectious diseases; journals; pathogens;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The impact of infectious diseases on human life is incalculable [...] ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens10010072

7. Comment on Liberski, Gajos, Sikorska, and Lindenbaum: “Kuru, the First Human Prion Disease” Viruses 2019, 11, 232

Author:
Arens, William
Source:
Viruses 2020 v.12 no.3
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; kuru; viruses;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... I would like to comment on an unsupported charge published in Viruses [...] ...
DOI:
10.3390/v12030284

8. Exploiting the GTEx resources to decipher the mechanisms at GWAS loci

Author:
Barbeira, Alvaro N.; Bonazzola, Rodrigo; Gamazon, Eric R.; Liang, Yanyu; Park, YoSon; Kim-Hellmuth, Sarah; Wang, Gao; Jiang, Zhuoxun; Zhou, Dan; Hormozdiari, Farhad; Liu, Boxiang; Rao, Abhiram; Hamel, Andrew R.; Pividori, Milton D.; Aguet, François; Bastarache, Lisa; Jordan, Daniel M.; Verbanck, Marie; Do, Ron; Stephens, Matthew; Ardlie, Kristin; McCarthy, Mark; Montgomery, Stephen B.; Segrè, Ayellet V.; Brown, Christopher D.; Lappalainen, Tuuli; Wen, Xiaoquan; Im, Hae Kyung
Source:
Genome biology 2021 v.22 no.1 pp. 49
ISSN:
1474-760X
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; RNA; dose response; genes; loci; methodology; phenotype; transcriptome;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The resources generated by the GTEx consortium offer unprecedented opportunities to advance our understanding of the biology of human diseases. Here, we present an in-depth examination of the phenotypic consequences of transcriptome regulation and a blueprint for the functional interpretation of genome-wide association study-discovered loci. Across a broad set of complex traits and diseases, we de ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13059-020-02252-4

9. Genetic impacts on DNA methylation: research findings and future perspectives

Author:
Villicaña, Sergio; Bell, Jordana T.
Source:
Genome biology 2021 v.22 no.1 pp. 127
ISSN:
1474-760X
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; DNA; DNA methylation; genome; heritability; humans; quantitative traits;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Multiple recent studies highlight that genetic variants can have strong impacts on a significant proportion of the human DNA methylome. Methylation quantitative trait loci, or meQTLs, allow for the exploration of biological mechanisms that underlie complex human phenotypes, with potential insights for human disease onset and progression. In this review, we summarize recent milestones in characteri ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13059-021-02347-6

10. Behavioral parameters of six populations of Meccus phyllosomus longipennis (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from areas with high and low prevalences of Trypanosoma cruzi human infection

Author:
Martínez‐Ibarra, José Alejandro; Nogueda‐Torres, Benjamín; Montañez‐Valdez, Oziel Dante; Michel‐Parra, J. Guadalupe; Ambriz‐Santos, Miguel Ángel
Source:
Insect science 2021 v.28 no.3 pp. 850-860
ISSN:
1672-9609
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; Reduviidae; Trypanosoma cruzi; adults; defecation; insects; instars; Mexico;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Three behaviors of epidemiological importance, namely feeding latency, feeding duration and defecation latency, for six populations of Meccus phyllosomus longipennis (Usinger) from areas of central, western and north‐central Mexico with high (HP) and low (LP) prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) human infection were evaluated in this study. The median feeding latency (the time taken to begin f ...
DOI:
10.1111/1744-7917.12818

11. Advances in the World of Bacterial Microcompartments

Author:
Stewart, Andrew M.; Stewart, Katie L.; Yeates, Todd O.; Bobik, Thomas A.
Source:
Trends in biochemical sciences 2021 v.46 no.5 pp. 406-416
ISSN:
0968-0004
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; biochemical pathways; biotechnology; organelles; proteins; toxicity;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) are extremely large (100–400 nm) and diverse proteinaceous organelles that compartmentalize multistep metabolic pathways, increasing their efficiency and sequestering toxic and/or volatile intermediates. This review highlights recent studies that have expanded our understanding of the diversity, structure, function, and potential biotechnological uses of MCPs. Se ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tibs.2020.12.002

12. A new genetic approach to distinguish strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum that appear not to cause human disease

Author:
Liveris, Dionysios; Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E.; Daniels, Thomas J.; Karpathy, Sandor; Paddock, Christopher; Adish, Sahar; Keesing, Felicia; Ostfeld, Richard S.; Wormser, Gary P.; Schwartz, Ira
Source:
Ticks and tick-borne diseases 2021 v.12 no.3 pp. 101659
ISSN:
1877-959X
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Ixodes scapularis; genes; genetic variation; humans;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Genetic diversity of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was assessed in specimens from 16 infected patients and 16 infected Ixodes scapularis ticks. A region immediately downstream of the 16S rRNA gene, which included the gene encoding SdhC, was sequenced. For the A. phagocytophilum strains from patients no sequence differences were detected in this region. In contrast, significantly fewer ticks had a sequ ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101659

13. Structural feature of TRAFs, their related human diseases and therapeutic intervention

Author:
Park, Hyun Ho
Source:
Archives of pharmacal research 2021 v.44 no.5 pp. 475-486
ISSN:
0253-6269
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; humans; research; therapeutics; tumor necrosis factors;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Several studies have been conducted over the years to unravel the structural information on the receptors that bind to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) and the driving forces for the TRAF/receptor complex. In addition, studies have also been performed to highlight the influence of TRAF malfunctioning and mutations on the development of human disease. However, a holistic stud ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12272-021-01330-w

14. Ins and Outs of Reovirus: Vesicular Trafficking in Viral Entry and Egress

Author:
Roth, Alexa N.; Aravamudhan, Pavithra; Fernández de Castro, Isabel; Tenorio, Raquel; Risco, Cristina; Dermody, Terence S.
Source:
Trends in microbiology 2021 v.29 no.4 pp. 363-375
ISSN:
0966-842X
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; Reoviridae; mammals; pathogenesis; physiological transport; therapeutics; virus replication;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cell entry and egress are essential steps in the viral life cycle that govern pathogenesis and spread. Mammalian orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) are nonenveloped viruses implicated in human disease that serve as tractable models for studies of pathogen–host interactions. In this review we discuss the function of intracellular vesicular transport systems in reovirus entry, trafficking, and egress and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tim.2020.09.004

15. What can urinary exosomes tell us?

Author:
Vitorino, Rui; Ferreira, Rita; Guedes, Sofia; Amado, Francisco; Thongboonkerd, Visith
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2021 v.78 no.7 pp. 3265-3283
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; biomarkers; biomedical research; exosomes; homeostasis; humans; pathophysiology; therapeutics;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Exosomes are involved in a wide variety of biochemical processes in human body homeostasis. Exosomes also provide important information regarding communications among several organ systems. Additionally, they can serve as molecular vehicles to deliver drugs. Therefore, exosomes have received wide attention in current biomedical research for unraveling pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, searching f ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-020-03739-w

16. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection and Latency

Author:
O’Connor, Christine M.
Source:
Pathogens 2021 v.10 no.3
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus infections; carrier state; latent period;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus that infects a majority of the human population worldwide. While for the most part, latent infection remains asymptomatic in healthy, immune-competent individuals, the virus poses a significant threat to those with weakened immune systems. CMV-associated disease following reactivation of latent infection is a risk factor for transplant patients undergoing imm ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens10030342

17. How to make a better T cell: in vivo CRISPR screens have some answers

Author:
Villa, Matteo; Stanczak, Michal A.; Pearce, Erika L.
Source:
Cell 2021 v.184 no.5 pp. 1135-1136
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; T-lymphocytes; cell engineering; neoplasms; screening;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Understanding what regulates CD8⁺ T cell responses is key to effectively harnessing these cells in human disease. In this issue of Cell, Huang et al. and Chen et al. use in vivo CRISPR screens to discover novel regulators of CD8⁺ T cell immunity to engineer a more efficacious response against cancer and infections. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.003

18. Defining the Neuropathological Aggresome across in Silico, in Vitro, and ex Vivo Experiments

Author:
Gomes, Gregory-Neal; Levine, Zachary A.
Source:
TheJournal of physical chemistry 2021 v.125 no.8 pp. 1974-1996
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; amyloid; biophysics; computer simulation; humans; models; protein subunits;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The loss of proteostasis over the life course is associated with a wide range of debilitating degenerative diseases and is a central hallmark of human aging. When left unchecked, proteins that are intrinsically disordered can pathologically aggregate into highly ordered fibrils, plaques, and tangles (termed amyloids), which are associated with countless disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parki ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09193

19. Pathogenesis of NASH and Promising Natural Products

Author:
LENG, Ying-Rong; ZHANG, Mei-Hui; LUO, Jian-Guang; ZHANG, Hao
Source:
Chinese journal of natural medicines 2021 v.19 no.1 pp. 12-27
ISSN:
1875-5364
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; ; fatty liver; laboratory animals; liver; pathogenesis; therapeutics;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common clinical condition that can lead to advanced liver diseases. The mechanism of the diaease progression, which is lacking effective therapy, remains obsure. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for disease development and progression in order to develop innovative therapies. To accomplish this goal, experimenta ...
DOI:
10.1016/S1875-5364(21)60002-X

20. Autophagy Assays for Biological Discovery and Therapeutic Development

Author:
Mizushima, Noboru; Murphy, Leon O.
Source:
Trends in biochemical sciences 2020 v.45 no.12 pp. 1080-1093
ISSN:
0968-0004
Subject:
human diseases,   etc   ; autophagy; biomarkers; therapeutics;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation system required for various physiological processes and can be dysregulated in human disease. To understand its biological significance and underlying mechanisms, measuring autophagic activity (i.e., autophagic flux) is critical. However, navigating which assays to use, and when, is complicated and at times the results are often interpret ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tibs.2020.07.006