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ileum, etc ; absorption; cell walls; humans; mice; physiological transport; polysaccharides; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The gut cell wall is considered an impenetrable barrier to orally administrated polysaccharides. We recently reported a selective lymphatic route for Radix Astragali polysaccharide RAP to enter Peyer's patches (PPs) to trigger immune responses. However, how RAP enters PPs is unclear. Herein, we screened the intestinal epithelial cells of mice and found that the follicle-associated epithelium cells ...
ileum, etc ; abomasum; absorption; anthelmintics; blood plasma; caffeine; liver; toxicity; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Loline alkaloid has suggested antimicrobial and anthelmintic properties with very low mammalian toxicity. There are several known derivatives of loline; N-formyl loline (NFL), N-acetyl loline (NAL), N-acetyl norloline (NANL), N-methyl loline (NML), and loline base. However, these must reach the abomasum or intestine and then be absorbed to have any potential effect. Therefore, passive absorption i ...
ileum, etc ; antibiotics; antioxidants; diet; flora; immune response; oviposition; saponins; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Soya saponin (SS) helps to improve antioxidant and immune function of body, and intestinal bacteria might play an important role here. In the present study, the co-occurring network of the ileal flora was analyzed with 50 mg/kg SS supplemented to the diet, and Romboutsia was found to have evolved into a dominant flora. In addition, the co-occurring network of the flora was changed with the combine ...
ileum, etc ; digestibility; digestible carbohydrates; energy; feed intake; nutrient utilization; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effect of dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharides (sNSP) on performance and nutrient utilisation in broilers from d 0 to 35. Cobb 500 broilers (n = 480, 80 birds per treatment) were fed either wheat- or corn-soybean meal-based diets formulated to contain either a high, medium, or low sNSP content, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, fed as Starter (d 0–14) and Grower (d 1 ...
ileum, etc ; lipids; low calorie diet; lysine; metabolizable energy; slaughter weight; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The current nutrient recommendations focus on pigs fed ad libitum up to 140 kg in body weight (BW). It remains unclear whether this applies to pigs weighing above 140 kg in BW under different rearing conditions. This study aimed to estimate protein (Pd) and lipid (Ld) depositions and the metabolizable energy (ME), standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID lysine) requirement and partitioning in 22 ...
ileum, etc ; autoclaving; digestibility; digestible amino acids; energy; metabolizable energy; temperature; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The influence of wet-heating (WH) and expansion temperature (ET), and autoclaving time (AT) on the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEₙ) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in full-fat soybeans (FFSB) for broilers was examined in 2 experiments. The AMEₙ and SID AA of FFSB were determined by the difference and direct methods, respectively. In Experiment 1, raw FFSB (K ...
ileum, etc ; amino acid composition; amino acids; digestibility; protein value; risk; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... For design of healthy and sustainable diets and food systems, it is important to consider not only the quantity but also the quality of nutrients. This is particularly important for proteins, given the large variability in amino acid composition and digestibility between dietary proteins. This article reviews measurements and metrics in relation to protein quality, but also their application. Prot ...
ileum, etc ; alpacas; colon; cytoplasm; immunohistochemistry; intestinal mucosa; mucosal immunity; serosa; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Intestinal diseases in ruminants are frequent and susceptible to invasion by exogenous substances, and the intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line of defence of the body's immune defence. At present, the study on the structure of intestinal mucosal immune barrier in alpaca is incomplete. Therefore, the alpaca intestines were studied to show the distribution characteristics of intestinal mucos ...
ileum, etc ; Clostridium perfringens; body weight; diet; digesta; pododermatitis; villi; xylanases; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... This preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-mannanase in diets of broilers on performance, pododermatitis, intestinal morphology, and digesta Clostridium perfringens counts. A total of 264 broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to four treatments. A wheat-soybean based diet (CO) was supplemented with either 0.15 g xylanase/kg (XY), 0.15 g xylanase/kg + 110 mL β-mannanase/ ...
ileum, etc ; biological rhythms; epithelium; esophagus; histology; mucus; rats; research; stomach; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The composition of fecal bacteria is reported to change throughout the day, whereas the circadian rhythmicity of indigenous bacteria that settle on the epithelium is mostly unknown. The present study aimed to clarify the diurnal changes in the settlement of indigenous bacteria in the rat alimentary tract using histological analysis. The settlement of indigenous bacteria on the mucosal epithelium t ...
ileum, etc ; Clostridium perfringens D; bacterial toxins; enterocolitis; enterotoxemia; goats; immunohistochemistry; pathogenesis; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Caprine intestinal diseases associated with clostridia are generally caused by Cpa and Etx encoded alpha (α) and epsilon (ε) toxinotypes of Clostridium perfringens type D respectively. A recent study on goat enterocolitis, demonstrated that the incidence of Clostridium perfringens type-D toxinotype and beta 2 toxins is high, suggesting its role in enterocolitis and many other diseases of goats aff ...
ileum, etc ; cellulose; digesta; dry matter intake; energy; experimental diets; titanium dioxide; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of age and dietary cellulose levels on the ileal endogenous energy losses (IEEL) in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, a glucose-based purified diet was used to determine the IEEL. Titanium dioxide (5.0 g/kg) was added to the diet as an indigestible marker. Six groups of broiler chickens aged 1 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 21, 22 to 28, 29 to 35 ...
ileum, etc ; absorption; appetite; gastrointestinal motility; glucagon-like peptide 1; malabsorption; obesity; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The ileal brake is an important reflex that ensures proper absorption of nutrients. This involves intestinal GLP-1 release, which recruits an enteric-sympathetic-spinal pathway to inhibit gastric motility and appetite. This visceral alarm system could be targeted to treat obesity and gastrointestinal dysfunction. ...
ileum, etc ; digestive tract; dysbiosis; etiology; inflammation; microorganisms; pathogenesis; surgery; ulcerative colitis; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are life-long disorders characterized by the chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with the intermittent need for escalation treatment and, eventually, even surgery. The total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the surgical intervention of choice in subjects affected by ulcerative c ...
Francisco Décio de Oliveira Monteiro; Luisa Pucci Bueno Borges; Thiago da Silva Cardoso; Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira; Darcio Zangirolami Filho; Vitor Cibiac Sartori; Rodrigo Norberto Pereira; Fabíola Niederauer Flores; Cássia Maria Molinaro Coelho; Marco Augusto Machado Silva; Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão
ileum, etc ; analgesics; animal models; cecum; horses; instrumentation; pain; pain assessment; veterinary medicine; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study aimed to describe an animal model for studying equine visceral pain using minimally invasive and video-assisted cecum and ileum instrumentation. The access to the cecum and ileum was affected because of a previous typhlostomy. For video-assisted distention of the cecum and ileum, a distention device, which we developed using an endotracheal Rusch probe, was used, adapted, and coupled to ...
ileum, etc ; amino acids; beef; cannulas; crude protein; digesta; ingredients; pork; protein value; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... PURPOSE: Determine digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for animal- and plant-based burgers and test the hypothesis that DIAAS calculated for a burger and a burger bun is additive in a combined meal. METHODS: Ten ileal cannulated gilts were fed experimental diets for six 9-d periods with ileal digesta being collected on d 8 and 9 of each period. Six diets contained a burger (i.e., 80% ...
ileum, etc ; bioinformatics; data collection; dysbiosis; genes; heart failure; intestinal microorganisms; metabolomics; mice; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... We recently reported the correlation of gut bacterial diversity with heart failure using a mouse model of heart failure due to pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We found that gut the bacterial diversity is significantly altered and is directly correlated to the severity of heart failure (Heart Failure Severity Closely Correlates with Intestinal Dysbiosis and Subseq ...
ileum, etc ; Clostridium perfringens; Dachshund; apoptosis; bioluminescence assay; diarrhea; immunology; inflammation; toxins; virulence; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C (CPC) is one of the chief pathogens that causes diarrhea in piglets, and C. perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin is the main virulence factor of CPC. Our previous research demonstrated that ssc-microR-132 was differentially expressed in ileal tissues of CPC-mediated diarrheic piglets and healthy piglets, which implied a potential role of ssc-microR-132 in ...
ileum, etc ; Clostridium perfringens; Enterococcus; chickens; immune response; immune system; intestinal microorganisms; poultry industry; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Newly hatched chicks do not have access to feed until 48-72 h post-hatch based on standard practices in the poultry industry. How these practices affect the chicken's immune system is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of a 48-h delay in access to feed on the expression of specific immune-related genes in the gut (ileum) of newly hatched chicks. We also analyzed the cor ...
ileum, etc ; Protozoa; Thoroughbred; colon; duodenum; eosinophils; jejunum; macrophages; morphometry; musculoskeletal system; neutrophils; villi; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Healthy horses and other animals have large numbers of resident leukocytes in the intestinal wall, but there is scant information regarding which and how many leukocytes are normally present in the equine intestinal wall. Our aim was to provide a reference range of leukocytes in the intestinal mucosal and submucosal propria of normal horses. We included in our study intestinal tissues from 22 Thor ...