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1. Can what have we learnt about BCG vaccination in the last 20 years help us to design a better tuberculosis vaccine?

Author:
Dockrell, Hazel M.; Butkeviciute, Egle
Source:
Vaccine 2021
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; BCG vaccine; immunogenicity; tuberculosis; vaccination;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The BCG vaccine will, in 2021, have been in use for 100 years. Much remains to be understood, including the reasons for its variable efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. This review will discuss what has been learnt about the BCG vaccine in the last two decades, and whether this new information can be exploited to improve its efficacy, by enhancing its ability to induce either antige ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.068

2. Effectiveness of the live-attenuated herpes zoster vaccine 2 years after its introduction in Australia

Author:
Lin, Jialing; Dobbins, Timothy; Wood, James G.; Bernardo, Carla; Stocks, Nigel P.; Liu, Bette
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.10 pp. 1493-1498
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; data collection; herpes zoster; program evaluation; vaccination; Australia;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Australian National Herpes Zoster Immunisation Program commenced in November 2016 for people aged 70–79 years old in Australia but vaccine effectiveness (VE) in this setting has not previously been assessed.We extracted records from two cohorts of patients aged 70–79 years in 2017 and 2018 respectively who were regular attenders in a nationwide general practice dataset, MedicineInsight. Cox pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.067

3. ALV-J-contaminated commercial live vaccines induced pathogenicity in Three-Yellow chickens: one of the transmission routes of ALV-J to commercial chickens

Author:
Wang, Peikun; Li, Min; Li, Haijuan; Bi, Yuyu; Lin, Lulu; Shi, Mengya; Huang, Teng; Mo, Meilan; Wei, Tianchao; Wei, Ping
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.4 pp. 101027
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Newcastle disease; abdominal cavity; body weight changes; bronchitis; liver; pathogenicity; vaccination; viremia;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... One avian leukosis virus of subgroup J (ALV-J) strain GX14YYA1 was isolated from a commercial bivalent Newcastle disease (ND)–infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine in our previous study. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the ALV-J-contaminated vaccine on commercial chickens, day-old Three-Yellow chicks in group I were vaccinated with ALV-J-contaminated bivalent ND-IB live vaccine by intranasal and eye ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101027

4. Immunogenicity and safety profiles of a new MAV/06 strain varicella vaccine in healthy children: A multinational, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled phase III study

Author:
Choi, Ui Yoon; Kim, Ki Hwan; Lee, Jin; Eun, Byung Wook; Kim, Dong Ho; Ma, Sang Hyuk; Kim, Chun Soo; Lapphra, Keswadee; Tangsathapornpong, Auchara; Kosalaraksa, Pope; Oberdorfer, Peninnah; Kim, Hwang Min; Shin, Son Moon; Kang, Jin Han
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.12 pp. 1758-1764
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; antibodies; antigens; biomedical research; cell lines; chickenpox; fluorescence; immunogenicity; seroconversion; vaccination; Korean Peninsula; Thailand;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Immunization is the most effective preventive strategy against varicella. While the Oka strain is commonly used for varicella vaccination worldwide, Korea widely uses the MAV/06 strain. A new live attenuated MAV/06 strain varicella vaccine (MG1111), which uses the new cell line Medical Research Council-5 for better viral propagation, was developed. MG1111 was approved by Korean health authorities. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.013

5. Vaccine candidates generated by codon and codon pair deoptimization of enterovirus A71 protect against lethal challenge in mice

Author:
Lee, Michelle Hui Pheng; Tan, Chee Wah; Tee, Han Kang; Ong, Kien Chai; Sam, I-Ching; Chan, Yoke Fun
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.12 pp. 1708-1720
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Enterovirus A; RNA; codons; death; foot-and-mouth disease; histology; immunization; inflammation; protein synthesis;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children. It is associated with severe neurological complications and death. This study aims to develop a live-attenuated vaccine by codon deoptimization (CD) and codon-pair deoptimization (CPD) of EV-A71. CD is generated by introducing the least preferred codons for amino acids while CPD increases the presence of underre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.024

6. Research Note: The administration schedule of coccidia is a major determinant in broiler necrotic enteritis models

Author:
Dierick, Evelien; Ducatelle, Richard; Van Immerseel, Filip; Goossens, Evy
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.3 pp. 100806
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; ; Clostridium perfringens; Eimeria; intestines; models; necrosis; necrotic enteritis; pathogenesis;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... A reliable and reproducible in vivo experimental model is an essential tool to study the pathogenesis of broiler necrotic enteritis and to evaluate control methods. Most current in vivo models use Eimeria as predisposing factor. Nevertheless, most models only result in a limited number of animals with intestinal necrosis. This research describes the necrotic enteritis incidence and severity using ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.060

7. Synthetic Messenger RNA-Based Vaccines: From Scorn to Hype

Author:
Pascolo, Steve
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.2
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; immune response; measles; oligonucleotides; pandemic; therapeutics; viruses;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the race for a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the synthetic mRNA format has been shown to be the fastest one and proved to be safe and highly efficient, even at the very low dose of a few µg per injection. The mRNA vaccines are not new: vaccines that are based on attenuated mRNA viruses, such as Mumps, Measles, and Rubella, immunize by delivering their mRNAs into the cells of the vaccinated indivi ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13020270

8. Myopericarditis after vaccination, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1990–2018

Author:
Su, John R.; McNeil, Michael M.; Welsh, Kerry J.; Marquez, Paige L.; Ng, Carmen; Yan, Ming; Cano, Maria V.
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.5 pp. 839-845
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; Haemophilus influenzae; anthrax; hepatitis B; influenza; monitoring; smallpox; vaccination;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Myopericarditis after vaccination has been sporadically reported in the medical literature. Here, we present a thorough descriptive analysis of reports to a national passive vaccine safety surveillance system (VAERS) of myopericarditis after vaccines licensed for use in the United States.We identified U.S. reports of myopericarditis received by VAERS during 1990–2018 that met a published case defi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.046

9. Polymeric nanoparticle vaccines to combat emerging and pandemic threats

Author:
Wibowo, David; Jorritsma, Sytze H.T.; Gonzaga, Zennia Jean; Evert, Benjamin; Chen, Shuxiong; Rehm, Bernd H.A.
Source:
Biomaterials 2021 v.268 pp. 120597
ISSN:
0142-9612
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; biocompatible materials; hydrophobicity; immunostimulants; manufacturing; micelles; nanogels; pandemic; polymers;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Subunit vaccines are more advantageous than live attenuated vaccines in terms of safety and scale-up manufacture. However, this often comes as a trade-off to their efficacy. Over the years, polymeric nanoparticles have been developed to improve vaccine potency, by engineering their physicochemical properties to incorporate multiple immunological cues to mimic pathogenic microbes and viruses. This ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120597

10. Expression analysis of centrin gene in promastigote and amastigote forms of leishmania infantum iranian isolates: a promising target for live attenuated vaccine development against canine leishmaniasis

Author:
Abbaszadeh Afshar, Mohammad Javad; Elikaee, Samira; Saberi, Reza; Mohtasebi, Sina; Mohebali, Mehdi
Source:
BMC veterinary research 2021 v.17 no.1 pp. 162
ISSN:
1746-6148
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Leishmania infantum; amastigotes; cell culture; dogs; genes; leishmaniasis; promastigotes; reverse transcription; vaccine development; veterinary medicine; Iran;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Leishmania parasites express various essential proteins in different growth phases (logarithmic/stationary) and forms (promastigote/amastigote). Targeting the genes encoding such proteins paves the way for controlling these parasites. Centrin is an essential gene, which its protein product seems to be vital for the proliferation of Leishmania parasites. Herein, this study was contrived ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12917-021-02816-x

11. Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus DNA detection in swine nasal swab and oral fluid specimens using a gB-based real-time quantitative PCR

Author:
Cheng, Ting-Yu; Henao-Diaz, Alexandra; Poonsuk, Korakrit; Buckley, Alexandra; van Geelen, Albert; Lager, Kelly; Harmon, Karen; Gauger, Phillip; Wang, Chong; Ambagala, Aruna; Zimmerman, Jeffrey; Giménez-Lirola, Luis
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2021 v.189 pp. 105308
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Aujeszky disease; DNA; blood serum; diagnostic specificity; monitoring; nose; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; swine; veterinary medicine; viruses;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, the detection of PRV DNA in nasal swab (n = 440) and oral fluid (n = 1,545) samples collected over time from experimentally PRV vaccinated and/or PRV inoculated pigs (n = 40) was comparatively evaluated by real-time PCR. Serum samples (n = 440) were tested by PRV gB/gE blocking ELISAs (Pseudorabies Virus gB Antibody Test Kit and Pseudorabies Virus gpI Antibody Test Kit, IDEXX Labora ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105308

12. Assessment of a natural grass carp reovirus genotype II avirulent strain GD1108 shows great potential as an avirulent live vaccine

Author:
Gao, Caixia; Wang, Yingying; Hu, Huzi; Zhou, Wenli; Yin, Jiyuan; Li, Yingying; Bergmann, Sven M.; Wu, Siyu; Zeng, Weiwei; Wang, Qing
Source:
Microbial pathogenesis 2021 v.152 pp. 104602
ISSN:
0882-4010
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Ctenopharyngodon idella; Reoviridae; antibodies; avirulent strains; blood serum; fish; genotype; immunization; immunogenicity; neutralization; pathogenesis; pathogens; virulence;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vaccine immunization is currently the only effective way to prevent and control the grass carp haemorrhagic disease, and the primary pathogen in these infections is grass carp reovirus genotype II (GCRV-II) for which there is no commercial vaccine. In this study, we evaluated the safety of the GCRV-II avirulent strain GD1108 which isolated in the early stage of the laboratory through continuously ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104602

13. A Glimmer of Hope: Recent Updates and Future Challenges in Zika Vaccine Development

Author:
Castanha, Priscila M. S.; Marques, Ernesto T. A.
Source:
Viruses 2020 v.12 no.12
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Zika virus; humans; nucleic acids; vaccine development; viruses;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The emergence and rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) on a global scale as well as the establishment of a causal link between Zika infection and congenital syndrome and neurological disorders triggered unprecedented efforts towards the development of a safe and effective Zika vaccine. Multiple vaccine platforms, including purified inactivated virus, nucleic acid vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, a ...
DOI:
10.3390/v12121371

14. Genetically modified bacteria for targeted phototherapy of tumor

Author:
Deng, Xiangyu; Yang, Wenbo; Shao, Zengwu; Zhao, Yanli
Source:
Biomaterials 2021 v.272 pp. 120809
ISSN:
0142-9612
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Escherichia coli; adhesion; antineoplastic activity; biocompatible materials; biosafety; carcinoma; catalase; chlorins; cytotoxicity; dopamine; humans; intravenous injection; irradiation; photochemotherapy; photosensitizing agents; plasmids; transfection;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Live attenuated bacteria have been used as target vehicles for genetic therapy of malignant carcinoma because they can be reprogrammed by following simple genetic rules and have the ability to target tumor hypoxic region. In this research, noninvasive Escherichia coli (E. Coli) is genetically modified through the plasmid transfection to afford E. Coli(p) with overexpressed human catalase for catal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120809

15. Modified live distemper vaccines carry low mortality risk for captive african wild dogs, lycaon pictus

Author:
Woodroffe, Rosie
Source:
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2021 v.52 no.1 pp. 176-184
ISSN:
1937-2825
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; ; Canine morbillivirus; Lycaon pictus; captive animals; distemper; dogs; inactivated vaccines; medicine; mortality; questionnaires; recombinant vaccines; risk; surveys; vaccination; wildlife; zoos; Africa;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recently, canine distemper virus (CDV) has been linked to population declines in the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). As CDV appears able to persist in wildlife, threats to free-ranging wild dogs cannot be eliminated by vaccinating domestic dogs. Conservation managers may therefore consider CDV vaccination of wild dogs in highly threatened populations. For use in field conservation, th ...
DOI:
10.1638/2020-0045

16. Changes in the ceca microbiota of broilers vaccinated for coccidiosis or supplemented with salinomycin

Author:
Orso, C.; Stefanello, T.B.; Franceschi, C.H.; Mann, M.B.; Varela, A.P.M.; Castro, I.M.S.; Frazzon, J.; Frazzon, A.P.G.; Andretta, I.; Ribeiro, A.M.L.
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.4 pp. 100969
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Bacteroidetes; Firmicutes; Proteobacteria; bacterial communities; body weight; coccidiosis; diet; feed conversion; intestinal microorganisms; males; salinomycin; species richness; vaccination; weight gain;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to characterize differences in the cecal microbiota of chickens vaccinated for coccidiosis or receiving salinomycin in the diet. In this study, 140 male 1-day-old broiler chickens were divided in 2 groups: vaccine group (live vaccine) vaccinated at the first day and salinomycin group (125 ppm/kg since the first day until 35 d of age). Each treatment was composed for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.066

17. Edwardsiella piscicida HigB: A type II toxin that is essential to oxidative resistance, biofilm formation, serum survival, intracellular propagation, and host infection

Author:
Xie, Jinhong; Zhao, Qianyun; Huang, Huiqin; Fang, Zaiguang; Hu, Yonghua
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.535 pp. 736382
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Edwardsiella piscicida; adhesion; antitoxins; aquaculture; bacterial motility; biofilm; blood serum; fish; mutants; mutation; operon; oxidative stress; pathogenesis; pathogens; seawater; toxins; vaccination; virulence;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Edwardsiella piscicida (formerly included in E. tarda) is the leading pathogen threatening worldwide fresh and seawater aquaculture industries and has been considered as a model organism for studying intracellular and systemic infections. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are omnipresent in bacteria and participate widely in stress responses, biofilm formation and pathogenicity. However, the roles of T ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736382

18. Efficacy of a novel avian metapneumovirus live vaccine candidate based on vaccination route and age

Author:
Youn, Ha-Na; Noh, Jin-Yong; Kim, Myeong-Seob; Ju, Hyo-Sun; Park, Dam-Hee; Lee, Da-Ye; Kim, Kyu-jik; Go, Seong-Hye; Song, Chang-Seon
Source:
Poultry science 2021 v.100 no.3 pp. 100528
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; animal viruses; chickens; chicks; efficacy testing; financial economics; humoral immunity; models; poultry industry; vaccination; vaccine development; virulence; viruses; Korean Peninsula;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... This article describes a series of animal studies for the development of an avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) live vaccine. Although aMPV causes continual economic loss in the poultry industry, there are no live aMPV vaccines available in Korea. Furthermore, information is limited with respect to standard field practices for vaccinations at an early age. Here, the development of an aMPV live vaccine wa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.021

19. Efficacy and safety of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida mutant ΔtssD-1 as a live attenuated vaccine for the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Author:
Ye, Haoda; Xu, Zhijin; Tao, Zhen; Li, Weiye; Li, Yanyan; Yang, Amin; Wang, Wei; Yin, Xiaolong; Yan, Xiaojun
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.531 pp. 735976
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; Larimichthys crocea; Pseudomonas plecoglossicida; bacteria; blood serum; fish; genes; granuloma; immunity; immunoglobulin M; industry; juveniles; mortality; mutants; pathogens; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); vaccination; virulence;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a Gram-negative fish pathogen that affects the large yellow croaker (LYC; Larimichthys crocea) and several other economically important fish species. The bacterium can cause systemic infections in LYC, resulting in visceral granulomas disease (VGD) with high mortality in cultured populations. Despite the severity of this disease, the LYC industry lacks an effective v ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735976

20. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development

Author:
Jiang, Zhulin; Li, Shuihong; Zhu, Cuiming; Zhou, Runjie; Leung, Polly H. M.
Source:
Pathogens 2021 v.10 no.2
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
live vaccines,   etc   ; DNA; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; adhesion; cytotoxicity; elderly; immune evasion; inflammation; pathogenesis; pathogens; pneumonia; quinolones; respiratory system; risk; toxins; vaccine development; virulence;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia which can lead to both acute upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation, and extrapulmonary syndromes. Refractory pneumonia caused by M. pneumonia can be life-threatening, especially in infants and the elderly. Here, based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature related to the respective area, we su ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens10020119