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1. Maestro of the SereNADe: SLC25A51 Orchestrates Mitochondrial NAD+

Author:
Ouyang, Yeyun; Bott, Alex J.; Rutter, Jared
Source:
Trends in biochemical sciences 2021 v.46 no.5 pp. 348-350
ISSN:
0968-0004
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; mitochondria; solutes;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recently, three groups, Girardi et al., Kory et al., and Luongo et al., independently identified solute carrier (SLC) 25A51 as the long-sought, major mitochondrial NAD⁺ transporter in mammalian cells. These studies not only deorphan an uncharacterized transporter of the SLC25A family, but also shed light on other aspects of NAD⁺ biology. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tibs.2021.02.001

2. A Complete Survey of RhoGDI Targets Reveals Novel Interactions with Atypical Small GTPases

Author:
Ahmad Mokhtar, Ana Masara binti; Ahmed, Samrein B. M.; Darling, Nicola J.; Harris, Matthew; Mott, Helen R.; Owen, Darerca
Source:
Biochemistry 2021 v.60 no.19 pp. 1533-1551
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; cytoplasm; guanosinetriphosphatase; surveys;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... There are three RhoGDIs in mammalian cells, which were initially defined as negative regulators of Rho family small GTPases. However, it is now accepted that RhoGDIs not only maintain small GTPases in their inactive GDP-bound form but also act as chaperones for small GTPases, targeting them to specific intracellular membranes and protecting them from degradation. Studies to date with RhoGDIs have ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00120

3. Regulation of peroxisomal trafficking and distribution

Author:
Covill-Cooke, Christian; Toncheva, Viktoriya S.; Kittler, Josef T.
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2021 v.78 no.5 pp. 1929-1941
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; cytoskeleton; mitochondria; peroxisomes;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Peroxisomes are organelles that perform a wide range of essential metabolic processes. To ensure that peroxisomes are optimally positioned in the cell, they must be transported by both long- and short-range trafficking events in response to cellular needs. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms by which the cytoskeleton and organelle contact sites alter peroxisomal distributio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-020-03687-5

4. Neural Coding of Food Is a Multisensory, Sensorimotor Function

Author:
Di Lorenzo, Patricia M.
Source:
Nutrients 2021 v.13 no.2
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; brain stem; taste;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... This review is a curated discussion of the relationship between the gustatory system and the perception of food beginning at the earliest stage of neural processing. A brief description of the idea of taste qualities and mammalian anatomy of the taste system is presented first, followed by an overview of theories of taste coding. The case is made that food is encoded by the several senses that it ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu13020398

5. Modeling mammalian trunk development in a dish

Author:
Veenvliet, Jesse V.; Herrmann, Bernhard G.
Source:
Developmental biology 2021 v.474 pp. 5-15
ISSN:
0012-1606
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; digestive system; extracellular matrix;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mammalian post-implantation development comprises the coordination of complex lineage decisions and morphogenetic processes shaping the embryo. Despite technological advances, a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of these processes and of the self-organization capabilities of stem cells and their descendants remains elusive. Building synthetic embryo-like structures from pluripotent embry ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.015

6. The Battle between Retroviruses and APOBEC3 Genes: Its Past and Present

Author:
Uriu, Keiya; Kosugi, Yusuke; Ito, Jumpei; Sato, Kei
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.1
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; coevolution; cytosine; etiological agents;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The APOBEC3 family of proteins in mammals consists of cellular cytosine deaminases and well-known restriction factors against retroviruses, including lentiviruses. APOBEC3 genes are highly amplified and diversified in mammals, suggesting that their evolution and diversification have been driven by conflicts with ancient viruses. At present, lentiviruses, including HIV, the causative agent of AIDS, ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13010124

7. Life in Deserts: The Genetic Basis of Mammalian Desert Adaptation

Author:
Rocha, Joana L.; Godinho, Raquel; Brito, José C.; Nielsen, Rasmus
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2021 v.36 no.7 pp. 637-650
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; ecology; evolution; genomics; geographical distribution;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Deserts are among the harshest environments on Earth. The multiple ages of different deserts and their global distribution provide a unique opportunity to study repeated adaptation at different timescales. Here, we summarize recent genomic research on the genetic mechanisms underlying desert adaptations in mammals. Several studies on different desert mammals show large overlap in functional classe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2021.03.007

8. Defection on the bounty? Kinship and cooperative exploitation of a rich, essential but dangerous resource

Author:
Mesterton-Gibbons, Mike; Hardy, Ian C.W.
Source:
Animal behaviour 2021 v.176 pp. 57-65
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; animal behavior; females; kinship; models; progeny;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... We develop a game-theoretic model to explore the question of whether two animals should cooperate in the dangerous activity of obtaining a rich and essential resource. We consider variation in the risks incurred to individuals and in how the activities of the two animals interact to influence the probability of success. We also consider that the animals may be relatives and thus share evolutionary ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.03.011

9. The dynamics of morphogenesis in stem cell-based embryology: Novel insights for symmetry breaking

Author:
Sozen, Berna; Cornwall-Scoones, Jake; Zernicka-Goetz, Magdalena
Source:
Developmental biology 2021 v.474 pp. 82-90
ISSN:
0012-1606
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; adults; embryogenesis; embryology; mammalian embryo; morphogenesis;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Breaking embryonic symmetry is an essential prerequisite to shape the initially symmetric embryo into a highly organized body plan that serves as the blueprint of the adult organism. This critical process is driven by morphogen signaling gradients that instruct anteroposterior axis specification. Despite its fundamental importance, what triggers symmetry breaking and how the signaling gradients ar ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.005

10. Crocuta crocuta (Carnivora: Hyaenidae)

Author:
Hayssen, Virginia; Noonan, Paula
Source:
Mammalian species 2021 v.53 no.1000 pp. 1-22
ISSN:
1545-1410
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; Crocuta crocuta; carnivores; threatened species;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben, 1777), the spotted hyena, is a large, widespread, terrestrial carnivore with a female-dominant social system. It ranges from about 17°N to 28°S and lives in diverse habitats from savannas to swamps (but not rain forests) and up to 4,000 m in elevation. As assessed in 2014, C. crocuta is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by The International Union for Conservation of Nature ...
DOI:
10.1093/mspecies/seab002

11. Sturnira hondurensis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Author:
Hernández-Canchola, Giovani; Ortega, Jorge; León-Paniagua, Livia
Source:
Mammalian species 2021 v.53 no.1001 pp. 23-34
ISSN:
1545-1410
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; Phyllostomidae; ecosystems; forests; tail; Mexico; Nicaragua;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Honduran yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira hondurensisGoodwin, 1940) is a medium-sized Stenodermatinae with a vestigial uropatagium and no tail; it typically has reddish or yellowish patches on the shoulders. It is found in temperate habitats from Mexico to northern Nicaragua, and it is one of 24 described species of the genus Sturnira. S. hondurensis is considered a common species and is listed ...
DOI:
10.1093/mspecies/seab003

12. POINT technology illuminates the processing of polymerase-associated intact nascent transcripts

Author:
Sousa-Luís, Rui; Dujardin, Gwendal; Zukher, Inna; Kimura, Hiroshi; Weldon, Carika; Carmo-Fonseca, Maria; Proudfoot, Nick J.; Nojima, Takayuki
Source:
Molecular cell 2021 v.81 no.9 pp. 1935-1950.e6
ISSN:
1097-2765
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; chromatin; dissection;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mammalian chromatin is the site of both RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription and coupled RNA processing. However, molecular details of such co-transcriptional mechanisms remain obscure, partly because of technical limitations in purifying authentic nascent transcripts. We present a new approach to characterize nascent RNA, called polymerase intact nascent transcript (POINT) technology. This th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2021.02.034

13. 3D morphometric study of domestic fowl glomerulus—A scanning electron microscope study of vascular corrosion casts

Author:
Hadžiomerović, Nedžad; Avdić, Rizah; Minnich, Bernd; Erlbacher, Katharina; Mlaćo, Nadžida; Tandir, Faruk; Bejdić, Pamela
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2021 v.50 no.3 pp. 678-682
ISSN:
0340-2096
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; arterioles; corrosion; morphometry; nephrons; reptiles;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Microvascularization of domestic fowl kidneys was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts (VCCs). Two types of nephrons, mammalian‐type (MT) and reptilian‐type (RT) nephrons and their glomerular structure were analysed quantitatively by 3D morphometry. A significant difference in shape and size between the MT and RT glomeruli was found. The mean diameter of the ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12676

14. The chemical mechanisms of the enzymes in the branched-chain amino acids biosynthetic pathway and their applications

Author:
Liang, Yan-Fei; Long, Zi-Xian; Zhang, Ya-Jian; Luo, Cai-Yun; Yan, Le-Tian; Gao, Wen-Yun; Li, Heng
Source:
Biochimie 2021 v.184 pp. 72-87
ISSN:
0300-9084
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; biochemical pathways; carbon; leucine; valine;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... l-Valine, l-isoleucine, and l-leucine are three key proteinogenic amino acids, and they are also the essential amino acids required for mammalian growth, possessing important and to some extent, special physiological and biological functions. Because of the branched structures in their carbon chains, they are also named as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). This review will highlight the advance ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biochi.2021.02.008

15. Excitable dynamics of Physarum polycephalum plasmodial nodes under chemotaxis

Author:
Reserva, Rosario L.; Micompal, Maria Theresa Mae M.; Mendoza, Kathleen C.; Confesor, Mark Nolan P.
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2021 v.550 pp. 171-176
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; Physarum polycephalum; chemoattractants; chemotaxis; research;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recent results show that the chemotactic response of uni-cellular decentralized systems such as amoeboid and mammalian cells, is excitable. The same observation has not yet been reported for multi-nucleated decentralized biological systems. Here we present experimental results that shows the Physarum polycephalum plasmodial nodes spatio-temporal chemotactic dynamics as an excitable response. We fo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.133

16. High Sub-Zero Organ Preservation: A Paradigm of Nature-Inspired Strategies

Author:
William, Nishaka; Acker, Jason P.
Source:
Cryobiology 2021
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; cold storage; cryobiology; ice; risk;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The field of organ preservation is filled with advancements that have yet to see widespread clinical translation, with some of the more notable strategies deriving their inspiration from nature. While static cold storage (SCS) at 2 °C to 4 °C is the current state-of-the-art, it contributes to the current shortage of transplantable organs due to the limited preservation times it affords combined wi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.04.002

17. Human–Macaque Conflicts in Shrinking Communities: Recent Achievements and Challenges in Problem Solving in Modern Japan

Author:
Enari, Hiroto
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 115-130
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; Japan; Macaca fuscata; conflict management; people;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The populations of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), which were vulnerable until the early 20th century, have recently recovered. However, this recovery process has rarely been hailed as a conservation success, because it has triggered serious conflicts between people and the macaques. The key exacerbating causes of the conflicts have been the drastic changes in the interrelations between the ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0056

18. A post-insertion strategy for surface functionalization of bacterial and mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles

Author:
Jiang, Linglei; Luirink, Joen; Kooijmans, Sander A.A.; van Kessel, Kok P.M.; Jong, Wouter; van Essen, Max; Seinen, Cor W.; de Maat, Steven; de Jong, Olivier G.; Gitz-François, Jerney F.F.; Hennink, Wim E.; Vader, Pieter; Schiffelers, Raymond M.
Source:
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2021 v.1865 no.4 pp. 129763
ISSN:
0304-4165
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; Archaea; cell communication; industry; vaccines;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles which are released by cells from all three domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. They can mediate cell-cell communication by transferring cargoes such as proteins and nucleic acids between cells. EVs receive great interest in both academia and industry as they have the potential to be natural drug carriers or vaccine candidates. However, lim ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129763

19. Nanoparticles for protein delivery in planta

Author:
Wang, Jeffrey W.; Cunningham, Francis J.; Goh, Natalie S.; Boozarpour, Navid N.; Pham, Matthew; Landry, Markita P.
Source:
Current opinion in plant biology 2021 v.60 pp. 102052
ISSN:
1369-5266
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; biotechnology; cell walls; plant biology;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Delivery of proteins into walled plant cells remains a challenge with few tractable solutions. Recent advances in biomacromolecule delivery using nanotechnology may evince methods to be exploited for protein delivery. While protein delivery remains no small feat, even in mammalian systems, the ability for nanoparticles to penetrate the cell wall and be decorated with a plethora of functional moiet ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102052

20. A Role for N6-Methyladenine in DNA Damage Repair

Author:
Zhang, Xing; Blumenthal, Robert M.; Cheng, Xiaodong
Source:
Trends in biochemical sciences 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 175-183
ISSN:
0968-0004
Subject:
mammals,   etc   ; DNA; DNA repair; adenine; guanine; mutation;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The leading cause of mutation due to oxidative damage is 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxoG) mispairing with adenine (Ade), which can occur in two ways. First, guanine of a G:C DNA base pair can be oxidized. If not repaired in time, DNA polymerases can mispair Ade with 8-oxoG in the template. This 8-oxoG:A can be repaired by enzymes that remove Ade opposite to template 8-oxoG, or 8-oxoG opposite to C ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tibs.2020.09.007