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... Paleontological sites composed of small vertebrate specimens can contain hundreds-of-thousands of identifiable fossils, which can reveal community responses to environmental and trophic changes. However, the composition of these communities may be skewed if the taphonomic signatures of the deposits change over time and across strata. Here, we discuss the taphonomic processes that led to dense depo ...
Ryan R. Reisinger; Cassandra M. Brooks; Ben Raymond; Jennifer J. Freer; Cédric Cotté; José C. Xavier; Philip N. Trathan; Horst Bornemann; Jean-Benoit Charrassin; Daniel P. Costa; Bruno Danis; Luis Hückstädt; Ian D. Jonsen; Mary-Anne Lea; Leigh Torres; Anton Van de Putte; Simon Wotherspoon; Ari S. Friedlaender; Yan Ropert-Coudert; Mark Hindell
... Multiple initiatives have called for large-scale representative networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs should be ecologically representative to be effective, but in large, remote regions this can be difficult to quantify and assess. We present a novel bioregionalization for the Southern Ocean, which uses the modelled circumpolar habitat importance of 17 marine bird and mammal species. The ...
mammals, etc ; epistasis; glycosylation; ligands; mesoderm; mutants; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... In mammalian development, oscillatory activation of Notch signaling is required for segmentation clock function during somitogenesis. Notch activity oscillations are synchronized between neighboring cells in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and have a period that matches the rate of somite formation. Normal clock function requires cyclic expression of the Lunatic fringe (LFNG) glycosyltransferase, as ...
small mammals, etc ; Agriotes obscurus; entomology; pitfall traps; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... We evaluated the relative efficacy of six pheromone-baited traps used in trapping Agriotes obscurus (L.) click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae): original Yatlor Traps, Yatlor Funnel Traps, Vernon Beetle Traps, Unitraps, Baited Pitfall Traps, and Vernon Pitfall Traps. Traps were rated according to quantitative and qualitative criteria of importance for each of four trap uses: general surveys, scien ...
mammals, etc ; cell culture; chromatography; hydroxyapatite; monoclonal antibodies; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... We describe and discuss a simple dry-compression technique for preparing a flat cuboid chromatography device containing a shallow packed-bed of crystalline hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. We then discuss the use of this device for fast protein separation in the bind-and-elute mode. Such separation could be carried out at quite low pressures, making it possible to use inexpensive low pressure chromat ...
mammals, etc ; autophagy; energy; homeostasis; organelles; oxygen; yeasts; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Eukaryotic cells frequently experience fluctuations of the external and internal environments, such as changes in nutrient, energy and oxygen sources, and protein folding status, which, after reaching a particular threshold, become a type of stress. Cells develop several ways to deal with these various types of stress to maintain homeostasis and survival. Among the cellular survival mechanisms, au ...
mammals, etc ; bioimaging; epithelium; fluorescence; macrophages; nanogold; rhodamines; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Generation of amplified stimulated emission inside mammalian cells has paved the way for a novel bioimaging and cell sensing approach. Single cells carrying gain media (e.g., fluorescent molecules) are placed inside an optical cavity, allowing the production of intracellular laser emission upon sufficient optical pumping. Here, we investigate the possibility to trigger another amplified emission p ...
mammals, etc ; antimicrobial properties; extracellular space; innate immunity; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... During infection, the mammalian host initiates a metal-withholding response against invading microbial pathogens to inhibit their growth and survival, a process often termed ‘nutritional immunity’. The host-defense S100 proteins calprotectin (CP) (S100A8/S100A9 oligomer), S100A12, and S100A7 play key roles in the innate immune response by sequestrating essential transition metal nutrients from mic ...
mammals, etc ; aquatic organisms; music; plant biochemistry; terminology; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Naming a newly discovered natural product (NP) is a pleasant but difficult exercise. In most cases, the NP name will be given with reference to the species of origin, be it a plant, a marine organism, a mammalian or microbial species. For a long time, the use of biologically-based trivial names has been recommended to identify the parental linkage between the product and the originating genus or s ...
mammals, etc ; Brachylophus; Circus; lizards; predation; swamps; Fiji; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Fijian crested iguana (Brachylophus vitiensis) is the largest extant lizard in Fiji, where it enjoys life in the absence of any mammalian predators. On the only island where this iguana is abundant, the only predator appears to be the swamp harrier (Circus approximans), which is non‐selective in its iguana prey, catching individuals in a similar proportion to their size availability. Here we r ...
mammals, etc ; habitats; landscape ecology; landscapes; paper; Brazil; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... When studying landscapes, defining the scale implies gains and losses of information associated with the choices of resolution and extent needed to understand a given phenomenon. Whereas the local scale is able to provide a more accurate understanding of local dynamics, the global scale able to provide a broader understanding of regional dynamics, yet is more susceptible to suppressing certain loc ...
mammals, etc ; cell cycle; gene expression; genome; homeostasis; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as regulators of diverse cellular processes. Although the vast majority of lncRNAs are expressed at lower levels compared to messenger RNAs (mRNAs), many lncRNAs play a central role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis and gene expression. With the advancement of next generation sequencing technologies, recent studies illustrate the diversity of lncR ...
mammals, etc ; biotechnology; drugs; organoids; synthetic genes; therapeutics; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Within mammalian systems, there exists enormous opportunity to use synthetic gene circuits to enhance phenotype-based drug discovery, to map the molecular origins of disease, and to validate therapeutics in complex cellular systems. While drug discovery has relied on marker staining and high-content imaging in cell-based assays, synthetic gene circuits expand the potential for precision and speed. ...
mammals, etc ; energy; fluorescence; food chemistry; glucose; hepatocytes; myoblasts; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Glucose is a primary source of energy used in most organisms. Thus, development of reliable approaches to measure intracellular glucose uptake is an important research issue. 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG), as a fluorescent glucose derivative, has been widely used to track intracellular glucose uptake by fluorescence imaging and measuring in mammalian ce ...
mammals, etc ; 5-methylcytosine; DNA; bacteria; chromatin; epigenetics; mutants; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... 5-Methylcytosine (mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), the two main epigenetic modifications of mammalian DNA, exist in symmetric and asymmetric combinations in the two strands of CpG dyads. However, revealing such combinations in single DNA duplexes is a significant challenge. Here, we evolve methyl-CpG-binding domains (MBDs) derived from MeCP2 by bacterial cell surface display, resulting in th ...
Jose Sanchez-Collado; Jose J. Lopez; Isaac Jardin; Alejandro Berna-Erro; Pedro J. Camello; Carlos Cantonero; Tarik Smani; Gines M. Salido; Juan A. Rosado
mammals, etc ; agonists; calcium; fluorescence; plasma membrane; precipitin tests; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The identification of two variants of the canonical pore-forming subunit of the Ca²⁺ release-activated Ca²⁺ (CRAC) channel Orai1, Orai1α and Orai1β, in mammalian cells arises the question whether they exhibit different functional characteristics. Orai1α and Orai1β differ in the N-terminal 63 amino acids, exclusive of Orai1α, and show different sensitivities to Ca²⁺-dependent inactivation, as well ...
mammals, etc ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; flavonoids; Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to hijack angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entry into mammalian cells. A short isoform of ACE2, termed deltaACE2 (dACE2), has recently been identified. In contrast to ACE2, the short dACE2 isoform lacks the ability to bind the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Several studies have proposed that ...
mammals, etc ; biotechnology; cell viability; manufacturing; plasmids; polyethyleneimine; transfection; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The transient transfection of mammalian cells is a rapid and versatile platform for the manufacture of recombinant proteins, but industrial processes depend on reliable scalability and efficient conversion from adherent to suspension cell cultures. Here we describe the optimized transfection of HEK 293T cells in both culture formats. DMEM was the best transfection medium for adherent HEK 293T cell ...
mammals, etc ; Dasyuridae; carnivores; mitochondria; phylogeny; topology; New Guinea; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Erroneous taxonomic attributions in GenBank accessions can mislead phylogenetic inference and appear to be widespread within genera. We investigate the influence of taxonomic misattributions for reconstructing the phylogeny of three-striped dasyures, which include four recognized Myoictis species (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) that are distributed across New Guinea and nearby islands. Molecular phyloge ...
mammals, etc ; dipeptides; intracellular signaling peptides and proteins; mutation; myristoylation; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... To further understand the mechanisms of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) sensing by NOD2, we evaluated key properties involved in the formation of the Arf6–MDP–NOD2 complex in mammalian cells. We found that the conserved Arf aromatic triad is crucial for binding to MDP–NOD2. Mutation of Arf6 N-myristoylation and NOD2 S-palmitoylation also abrogated the formation of the Arf6–MDP–NOD2 complex. Notably, lipid ...