An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Although the role of milk extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) is attracting increasing attention, little is known about the relationship between miRNAs in milk EVs and bovine mammary glands. Therefore, we investigated the miRNA profile in milk EVs and bovine mammary glands at three lactation stages (60 d, 120 d, 240 d) using small RNA sequencing. A total of 70 universally highly ...
mammaryglands, etc ; dairy cows; ingredients; lactation; pathogens; research; sealants; teat sealants; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Infusion of an internal teat sealant into the mammary gland of the dairy cow at drying off has been claimed to reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis over many months in the subsequent lactation, despite the absence of any ingredient of the sealant remaining for that long. However, these claims have been poorly substantiated, often by lack of identification on when the infection occurred in the ...
mammaryglands, etc ; breast neoplasms; carcinoma; dogs; females; immunohistochemistry; metastasis; neoplasm cells; Brazil; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mammary neoplasms are the most frequently diagnosed tumours in female dogs and are classified into various histological types, including solid carcinomas. We proposed a subclassification of solid carcinomas based on morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics, and correlated the subtypes with prognostic factors. A total of 135 cases of solid mammary carcinoma were selected from 3,400 can ...
mammaryglands, etc ; biohydrogenation; conjugated linoleic acid; cows; diabetes; milk; nitrogen; nutritive value; obesity; regrowth; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), has been shown to have protective effects against various diseases, such as obesity, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This fatty acid in ruminants results from two processes, biohydrogenation, which takes place in the rumen, and de novo synthesis, carried out in the mammary gland, and it has linoleic and α-linolenic acids as its ...
mammaryglands, etc ; Staphylococcus aureus; cytotoxicity; epithelium; gene expression; inflammation; pathogenesis; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... In dairy cows, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is among the most prevalent microorganisms worldwide, causing mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland. Production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a common feature of S. aureus strains, which contributes to its pathogenesis by delivering bacterial effector molecules to host cells. In the current study, we evaluated the differences between f ...
mammaryglands, etc ; biomarkers; breast neoplasms; carcinogenesis; databases; diet; females; gene expression; genes; linseed; microRNA; oils; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Dietary flaxseed may act via microRNAs (miRNAs) to affect the health of the mammary gland. These data are in support of the article entitled “Effects of flaxseed and its components on mammary gland miRNome: identification of potential biomarkers to prevent breast cancer development” [1]. Here, we provide miRNA expression data obtained from NanoString nCounter® profiling of mammary gland RNA from C ...
mammaryglands, etc ; acidosis; animal science; blood; carcinogenesis; dogs; etiology; genes; haplotypes; humans; mitochondria; mitochondrial DNA; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aetiology and pathogenesis of many canine tumours are likely to be similar to cancers found in humans. This study aimed to evaluate a plausible link between changes in the tRNA-Leu (UUR) gene and the carcinogenesis process in dogs with mammary gland tumours. The whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) isolated from blood and tumour tissues of 13 dogs with malignant mammary gland tumours was sequenced. ...
mammaryglands, etc ; X-radiation; breast neoplasms; breasts; cytotoxicity; death; epithelium; ethanol; genetic engineering; humans; mice; surgery; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer-related death for women in the USA. For high-risk women, prophylactic mastectomy is the most effective primary prevention strategy. Prophylactic mastectomy is an aggressive surgical procedure that completely removes the mammary epithelial cells from which breast cancer arises along with the surrounding tissue. We see ...
Maiorino Laura; Shevik Margaret; Adrover José M.; Han Xiao; Georgas Elias; Wilkinson John Erby; Seidner Harrison; Foerschner Leonie; Tuveson David A.; Qin Yi-Xian; Egeblad Mikala
mammaryglands, etc ; cell movement; death; durability; euthanasia; films (materials); glass; inflammation; mice; microscopy; polydimethylsiloxane; stainless steel; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Intravital microscopy (IVM) enables visualization of cell movement, division, and death at single-cell resolution. IVM through surgically inserted imaging windows is particularly powerful because it allows longitudinal observation of the same tissue over days to weeks. Typical imaging windows comprise a glass coverslip in a biocompatible metal frame sutured to the mouse’s skin. These windows can i ...
... Goat is one of the major dairy and meat providers. In terms of structure, nutrient content, and medicinal properties, goat milk is somewhat different from other milk. The differences in composition are important in determining the technical suitability of goat milk and its products for health benefits. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to the identification and molecular composi ...
mammaryglands, etc ; adenoma; biopsy; carcinoma; databases; dogs; histology; mammary neoplasms (animal); patients; purebreds; t-test; New Zealand; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... To evaluate the proportions of canine mammary gland lesions submitted to a New Zealand diagnostic laboratory, that were neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic and, among neoplasms, malignant vs. benign, and to determine whether age, reproductive status or breed of dog, or size of the mammary mass were associated with the histological diagnosis. Canine mammary gland biopsies submitted between the start of 2 ...
... Mastitis is an infectious inflammatory disease in dairy cows, causing economic losses and reducing animal welfare. With the final aim of discovering early and easily accessible biomarkers, the objective of this study was to validate the use of milk fat globules (MFGs) as a source of small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, miRNAs) to diagnose mastitis. We studied the abundance of six miRNAs known to be r ...
... Improved access to genome based, culture independent methods has generated great interest in defining the bovine milk microbiome. Several comprehensive reviews of this subject have recently been published and the purpose of this short review is to consolidate current understanding of the relevance and biological significance of this emerging topic. In contrast to mucosal organs that contain rich a ...
mammaryglands, etc ; Holstein; agriculture; algorithms; data collection; electronics; health services; lactation; milk yield; models; udders; ultrasonics; ultrasonography; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... For decades now, ultrasonography is being utilized in dairy animals’ udder health care. Recent studies have employed echotexture analysis for the examination of the mammary parenchyma and the investigation of pathological conditions. The present study aimed to investigate whether a deep neural network could predict the cows’ daily milk yield and production stage, utilizing features from echotextur ...
... Selenium (Se) is an antioxidant and immunomodulator that can participate in the control of specific endocrine pathways. Disturbance of redox homeostasis is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Se is also an important nutrient element for dairy cows. First, oxidative stress (OS) induced by Se deficiency was investigated along with a possible mechanism of its induction of mammary gl ...
... The bovine TLR4 gene is an interesting candidate marker for mastitis resistance, since it is involved in neutrophil migration to and from the mammary gland during mastitis. TLR4 detects pathogen ligands, such as the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin and facilitates innate and adaptive immune responses. In the current study, a total of 130 crossbred cows (74 mastitis tolerant and ...
... The IGF system plays a central role in all stages of mammary development, lactation and involution. IGFs exert their effects on the mammary gland through both endocrine and paracrine/autocrine mechanisms and the importance of circulating versus local IGF action remains an open question, especially in ruminants. At the whole organ level, a critical role for IGFs in ductal morphogenesis and lobuloal ...
Giulia G. Guiraldelli; Maria Carolina M. Prado; Patrícia de F Lainetti; Antonio F. Leis-Filho; Priscila E. Kobayashi; Sarah S. Cury; Carlos E. Fonseca-Alves; Renee Laufer-Amorim
mammaryglands, etc ; breast neoplasms; cell lines; dogs; gene expression; gene expression regulation; metastasis; neoplasm cells; nutrition; prognosis; therapeutics; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the ability of highly aggressive cancer cells to form fluid-conducting channels that facilitate the nutrition and metastasis of cancer cells. Considering the importance of VM in the prognosis of canine mammary gland tumours, this study aimed to investigate global gene expression in two canine mammary carcinoma cell cultures associated with the capacity for VM in vitro. ...
... Our hypothesis was that maternal nutrient restriction would negatively impact the endocrine and metabolic status of the pregnant cow, therefore influencing the mammary gland in preparation for lactation. We further hypothesized that earlier timing of realimentation could prevent negative impacts of nutrient restriction. The objectives were to investigate the influence of nutrient restriction and r ...
mammaryglands, etc ; brown adipose tissue; endocrinology; energy metabolism; lactation; liver; milk; observational studies; pancreas; transcription (genetics); white adipose tissue; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Maternal energy metabolism undergoes a singular adaptation during lactation that allows for the caloric enrichment of milk. Changes in the mammary gland, changes in the white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscles and endocrine pancreas are pivotal for this adaptation. The present review details the landmark studies describing the enzymatic modulation and the endocrine signa ...