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1. Cellular perspectives for improving mesophyll conductance

Author:
Lundgren, Marjorie R.; Fleming, Andrew J.
Source:
Theplant journal 2020 v.101 no.4 pp. 845-857
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; carbon dioxide; chloroplasts; engineering; leaves; photosynthesis;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... After entering the leaf, CO₂ faces an intricate pathway to the site of photosynthetic fixation embedded within the chloroplasts. The efficiency of CO₂ flux is hindered by a number of structural and biochemical barriers which, together, define the ease of flow of the gas within the leaf, termed mesophyll conductance. Previous authors have identified the key elements of this pathway, raising the pro ...
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.14656
PubMed:
31854030
PubMed Central:
PMC7065256

2. The developmental relationship between stomata and mesophyll airspace

Author:
Baillie, Alice L.; Fleming, Andrew J.
Source:
Thenew phytologist 2020 v.225 no.3 pp. 1120-1126
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; gas exchange; leaf development; stomata; water use efficiency;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The quantitative and spatial coordination of stomatal pores in the epidermis and airspaces in the underlying mesophyll tissue is vital for efficient gas exchange in the leaf. The mechanisms that determine the distribution of stomata in the epidermis have been studied extensively, but how this relates to the regulation of mesophyll airspace configuration is poorly understood. Recent studies have in ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.16341

3. Cell and chloroplast anatomical features are poorly estimated from 2D cross‐sections

Author:
Harwood, Richard; Goodman, Elinor; Gudmundsdottir, Marin; Huynh, Minh; Musulin, Quinn; Song, Magnolia; Barbour, Margaret M.
Source:
Thenew phytologist 2020 v.225 no.6 pp. 2567-2578
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; bundle sheath cells; chickpeas; chloroplasts; genotype; leaves; models; scanning electron microscopes; surface area; wheat;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Leaf function is intimately related to the size, shape, abundance and position of cells and chloroplasts. Anatomy has long been assessed and quantified in two dimensions with 3D structure inferred from 2D micrographs. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM) was used to reconstruct 95 cells and 1173 chloroplasts from three wheat and nine chickpea leaves (three samples each from thr ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.16219

4. Leaf Structure of Microlicieae (Melastomataceae): Taxonomic and Adaptive Implications

Author:
Oliveira do Carmo, Amanda Aparecida; Cássero, Lareska Zirondi; Pacifico, Ricardo; Fidanza, Karina; de Souza, Luiz Antonio
Source:
Systematic botany 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 142-155
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Neotropics; Trembleya; ecosystems; indigenous species; leaf area; leaves; nutrients; plant taxonomy; soil; Brazil;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Microlicieae is a Neotropical tribe of Melastomataceae, and most of its species are endemic to Brazil, especially in campo rupestre sites. The campo rupestre ecosystem occurs in areas with shallow soils deficient in water and nutrients, and elevations above 900 m. Foliar characters provide important structural features which are of taxonomic value for Melastomataceae. Due to the high degree of end ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364420X15801369352405

5. Photosynthesis and photosynthetic efficiencies along the terrestrial plant’s phylogeny: lessons for improving crop photosynthesis

Author:
Flexas, Jaume; Carriquí, Marc
Source:
Theplant journal 2020 v.101 no.4 pp. 964-978
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Angiospermae; Bryophyta; carbon dioxide; crops; embryophytes; environmental factors; genotype; nitrogen; photosynthesis; phylogeny; water use efficiency;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Photosynthesis is the basis of all life on Earth. Surprisingly, until very recently, data on photosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiencies, and photosynthesis limitations in terrestrial land plants other than spermatophytes were very scarce. Here we provide an updated data compilation showing that maximum photosynthesis rates (expressed either on an area or dry mass basis) progressively scale along ...
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.14651

6. Mesophyll conductance in land surface models: effects on photosynthesis and transpiration

Author:
Knauer, Jürgen; Zaehle, Sönke; De Kauwe, Martin G.; Haverd, Vanessa; Reichstein, Markus; Sun, Ying
Source:
Theplant journal 2020 v.101 no.4 pp. 858-873
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Earth system science; carbon dioxide; climate; environmental factors; evapotranspiration; gross primary productivity; leaves; models; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; temperature; uncertainty;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The CO₂ transfer conductance within plant leaves (mesophyll conductance, gₘ) is currently not considered explicitly in most land surface models (LSMs), but instead treated implicitly as an intrinsic property of the photosynthetic machinery. Here, we review approaches to overcome this model deficiency by explicitly accounting for gₘ, which comprises the re‐adjustment of photosynthetic parameters an ...
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.14587

7. The role of leaf water potential in the temperature response of mesophyll conductance

Author:
Li, Yong; Song, Xin; Li, Si; Salter, William T.; Barbour, Margaret M.
Source:
Thenew phytologist 2020 v.225 no.3 pp. 1193-1205
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Oryza sativa; Triticum aestivum; empirical models; energy; leaf water potential; membrane permeability; photosynthesis; rice; temperature; wheat;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Variation in temperature (T) is usually accompanied by changes in leaf water potential (Ψₗₑₐf), which may influence mesophyll conductance (gₘ). However, the effects of Ψₗₑₐf on gₘ have not yet been considered in models of the gₘ response to temperature. Temperature responses of gₘ and Ψₗₑₐf and the response of gₘ to Ψₗₑₐf were studied in rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), and then ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.16214

8. Tissue‐specific Hi‐C analyses of rice, foxtail millet and maize suggest non‐canonical function of plant chromatin domains

Author:
Dong, Pengfei; Tu, Xiaoyu; Li, Haoxuan; Zhang, Jianhua; Grierson, Donald; Li, Pinghua; Zhong, Silin
Source:
Journal of integrative plant biology 2020 v.62 no.2 pp. 201-217
ISSN:
1672-9072
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Oryza sativa; Setaria italica; Zea mays; chromatin; corn; endosperm; genes; genomic islands; mammals; rice; transcription (genetics); transcriptional activation;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chromatins are not randomly packaged in the nucleus and their organization plays important roles in transcription regulation, which is best studied in the mammalian models. Using in situ Hi‐C, we have compared the 3D chromatin architectures of rice mesophyll and endosperm, foxtail millet bundle sheath and mesophyll, and maize bundle sheath, mesophyll and endosperm tissues. We found that their glob ...
DOI:
10.1111/jipb.12809

9. DNA content equivalence in haploid and diploid maize leaves

Author:
Santeramo, D.; Howell, J.; Ji, Y.; Yu, W.; Liu, W.; Kelliher, T.
Source:
Planta 2020 v.251 no.1 pp. 30
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; DNA; Zea mays; cell structures; corn; diploidy; guard cells; haploidy; pavements; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; stomata;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... MAIN CONCLUSION: The qPCR assay developed to differentiate haploid and diploid maize leaf samples was unsuccessful due to DNA content difference. Haploid cells are packed more closely together with less cellular expansion. Increased ploidy content (> 2 N) directly correlates with increased cell size in plants, but few studies have examined cell morphology in plants with reduced ploidy (i.e., haplo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00425-019-03320-1

10. Limited water availability did not protect poplar saplings from water use efficiency reduction under elevated ozone

Author:
Xu, Yansen; Feng, Zhaozhong; Shang, Bo; Yuan, Xiangyang; Tarvainen, Lasse
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2020 v.462 pp. 117999
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Populus; drought; ecosystems; gas exchange; global warming; leaves; ozone; photosynthesis; physiological response; plant growth; saplings; specific leaf weight; stomatal conductance; stomatal movement; water supply; water use efficiency;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... Elevated ground-level ozone (O₃) concentrations decrease photosynthetic biochemistry more than stomatal conductance (gₛ), leading to an overall reduction in leaf-scale water use efficiency (WUE). Global warming is expected to lead to more severe and frequent droughts resulting in stomatal closure, increased WUE, and potentially in reduced plant O₃ uptake and damage. It is currently unclear how the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117999

11. Optimization of the protoplast transient expression system for gene functional studies in strawberry (Fragaria vesca)

Author:
Gou, Yi-Jie; Li, Yu-Lian; Bi, Pin-Pin; Wang, Dan-Juan; Ma, Yang-Yang; Hu, Yang; Zhou, Hou-Cheng; Wen, Ying-Qiang; Feng, Jia-Yue
Source:
Plant cell, tissue, and organ culture 2020 v.141 no.1 pp. 41-53
ISSN:
0167-6857
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; CRISPR-Cas systems; Fragaria vesca; gene editing; gene expression; genes; leaves; polyethylene glycol; protein synthesis; protein-protein interactions; protoplasts; site-directed mutagenesis; strawberries;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transient expression system in plant protoplasts has been widely used in a variety of plants for gene function characterization. However, such a system has not been developed for strawberry. In this study, we report a method for obtaining high quality and high yield protoplasts from strawberry leaves. In addition, we developed an efficient transient gene expressi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11240-020-01765-x

12. Abscisic acid‐triggered guard cell l‐cysteine desulfhydrase function and in situ hydrogen sulfide production contributes to heme oxygenase‐modulated stomatal closure

Author:
Zhang, Jing; Zhou, Mingjian; Ge, Zhenglin; Shen, Jie; Zhou, Can; Gotor, Cecilia; Romero, Luis C.; Duan, Xingliang; Liu, Xin; Wu, Deliang; Yin, Xianchao; Xie, Yanjie
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 2020 v.43 no.3 pp. 624-636
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; abscisic acid; cell movement; cysteine; guard cells; heme; heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing); hydrogen sulfide; mutants; phenotype; signal transduction; stomatal movement;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recent studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) produced through the activity of l‐cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1) is an important gaseous signaling molecule in plants that could participate in abscisic acid (ABA)‐induced stomatal closure. However, the coupling of the DES1/H₂S signaling pathways to guard cell movement has not been thoroughly elucidated. The results presented here provid ...
DOI:
10.1111/pce.13685

13. Photosynthesis is sensitive to nitric oxide and respiration sensitive to hydrogen peroxide: Studies with pea mesophyll protoplasts

Author:
Sunil, Bobba; Rajsheel, Pidakala; Aswani, Vetcha; Bapatla, Ramesh B.; Talla, Sai K.; Raghavendra, Agepati S.
Source:
Journal of plant physiology 2020 v.246-247 pp. 153133
ISSN:
0176-1617
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Pisum sativum; antimycin A; chloroplasts; hydrogen peroxide; leaves; mitochondria; nitric oxide; nitroprusside; oxygen; oxygen production; peas; photochemical reactions; photosynthesis; protoplasts; single nucleotide polymorphism;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Reports on the effect of nitric oxide (NO) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) on photosynthesis and respiration in leaf tissues are intriguing; therefore, the effects of exogenous addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, releases NO) or H₂O₂ on the photosynthetic O₂ evolution and respiratory O₂ uptake by mesophyll protoplasts in pea (Pisum sativum) were evaluated in the present study. Low concentratio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153133

14. Differential response of cuticular wax and photosynthetic capacity by glaucous and non-glaucous wheat cultivars under mild and severe droughts

Author:
Su, Rina; Chen, Liang; Wang, Zhonghua; Hu, Yingang
Source:
Plant physiology and biochemistry 2020 v.147 pp. 303-312
ISSN:
0981-9428
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Triticum; alkanes; biomass; carbon dioxide; cultivars; drought; drought tolerance; epicuticular wax; phenotype; photosynthesis; plant breeding; stomatal conductance; stomatal movement; water stress; wheat;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cuticular wax is known to play an important role in non-stomatal transpiration. However, support is lacking regarding the waxy phenotype for wheat breeding against drought. In this study, four wheat cultivars with different wax phenotypes (glaucous and non-glaucous types) were used to evaluate their responses to drought stress and impact on photosynthetic capability of wheat. Xinong 291 and HY 291 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.036

15. Emerging roles for carbonic anhydrase in mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis

Author:
Momayyezi, Mina; McKown, Athena D.; Bell, Shannon C. S.; Guy, Robert D.
Source:
Theplant journal 2020 v.101 no.4 pp. 831-844
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; aquaporins; autotrophs; carbon dioxide; carbonate dehydratase; diffusivity; gene expression; liquids; models; net assimilation rate; photosynthesis; reaction mechanisms; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; stomatal movement;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an abundant protein in most photosynthesizing organisms and higher plants. This review paper considers the physiological importance of the more abundant CA isoforms in photosynthesis, through their effects on CO₂ diffusion and other processes in photosynthetic organisms. In plants, CA has multiple isoforms in three different families (α, β and γ) and is mainly known to c ...
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.14638

16. Maximizing leaf carbon gain in varying saline conditions: An optimization model with dynamic mesophyll conductance

Author:
Qiu, Rangjian; Katul, Gabriel G.
Source:
Theplant journal 2020 v.101 no.3 pp. 543-554
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; carbon; carbon dioxide; crops; gas exchange; irrigation water; leaves; models; photosynthesis; salt stress; stomatal conductance; water salinity; water stress; water use efficiency;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... While the adverse effects of elevated salinity levels on leaf gas exchange in many crops are not in dispute, representing such effects on leaf photosynthetic rates (A) continues to draw research attention. Here, an optimization model for stomatal conductance (gc) that maximizes A while accounting for mesophyll conductance (gₘ) was used to interpret new leaf gas exchange measurements collected for ...
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.14553

17. Model approaches to advance crassulacean acid metabolism system integration

Author:
Chomthong, Methawi; Griffiths, Howard
Source:
Theplant journal 2020 v.101 no.4 pp. 951-963
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Crassulacean acid metabolism; bioinformatics; carbon; genes; genetically modified organisms; hydraulic conductivity; mechanistic models; phylogeny; stomatal movement; transcriptomics; water use efficiency;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... This review summarises recent progress in understanding crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) systems and the integration of internal and external stimuli to maximise water‐use efficiency. Complex CAM traits have been reduced to their minimum and captured as computational models, which can now be refined using recently available data from transgenic manipulations and large‐scale omics studies. We ide ...
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.14691

18. Recent developments in mesophyll conductance in C3, C4, and crassulacean acid metabolism plants

Author:
Cousins, Asaph B.; Mullendore, Daniel L.; Sonawane, Balasaheb V.
Source:
Theplant journal 2020 v.101 no.4 pp. 816-830
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; C3 plants; Crassulacean acid metabolism; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide fixation; chloroplasts; cytosol; environmental factors; image analysis; leaf anatomy; mitochondria; models; photorespiration;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The conductance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the substomatal cavities to the initial sites of CO₂ fixation (gₘ) can significantly reduce the availability of CO₂ for photosynthesis. There have been many recent reviews on: (i) the importance of gₘ for accurately modelling net rates of CO₂ assimilation, (ii) on how leaf biochemical and anatomical factors influence gₘ, (iii) the technical limitation o ...
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.14664

19. Biochemical and histological characterization of succulent plant Tacitus bellus response to Fusarium verticillioides infection in vitro

Author:
Antić, Tijana Cvetić; Janošević, Dušica; Maksimović, Vuk M.; Živić, Miroslav; Budimir, Snežana; Glamočlija, Jasmina; Mitrović, Aleksandra Lj.
Source:
Journal of plant physiology 2020 v.244 pp. 153086
ISSN:
0176-1617
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; Fusarium verticillioides; antioxidant activity; cacti and succulents; catalase; catechol oxidase; enzyme activity; fusaric acid; histology; hyphae; malondialdehyde; peroxidase; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; polyphenols; spore germination; sporulation; superoxide dismutase;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... We present changes in Tacitus bellus antioxidative system that specifically correspond to subsequent phases of hemibiotroph Fusarium verticillioides infection revealed by histological analysis. T. bellus response to spore germination 6 h post inoculation (hpi), manifested as first oxidative burst, was characterized by transient decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, transient increase in catal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153086

20. Increased adaxial stomatal density is associated with greater mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular air spaces and mesophyll conductance in diverse C4 grasses

Author:
Pathare, Varsha S.; Koteyeva, Nuria; Cousins, Asaph B.
Source:
Thenew phytologist 2020 v.225 no.1 pp. 169-182
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
mesophyll,   etc   ; C3 plants; C4 plants; air; carbon dioxide; carboxylation; cell walls; grasses; leaf thickness; leaves; microscopy; oxygen isotopes; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; surface area; water use efficiency;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mesophyll conductance (gₘ) is the diffusion of CO₂ from intercellular air spaces (IAS) to the first site of carboxylation in the mesophyll cells. In C₃ species, gₘ is influenced by diverse leaf structural and anatomical traits; however, little is known about traits affecting gₘ in C₄ species. To address this knowledge gap, we used online oxygen isotope discrimination measurements to estimate gₘ an ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.16106