An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Triclosan (TCS) is a ubiquitous antimicrobial used in daily consumer products. Previous reports have shown that TCS could induce hepatotoxicity, endocrine disruption, disturbance on immune function and impaired thyroid function. Kidney is critical in the elimination of toxins, while the effects of TCS on kidney have not yet been well-characterized. The aim of the present study was to investigate t ...
... Traditional Chinese fermented foods are favored by consumers due to their unique flavor, texture and nutritional values. A large number of microorganisms participate in the process of fermentation, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are present in almost all fermented foods and contribute to flavor development. The formation process of flavor is complex and involves the biochemical conve ...
... Background: Tortoises, with their slow and unhurried reputation, might seem unlikely candidates for critical care and emergency treatment. Although they may present some challenges in recognising whether intensive or ‘critical’ care is indicated, by addressing first principles from other species and considering tortoises' ectothermic metabolism, simple supportive and monitoring techniques can mark ...
... PURPOSE OF REVIEW : Low energy availability (EA) poses severe consequences to athlete performance and overall health. Suppressed resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been observed during periods of low EA. Thus, it has been suggested that the ratio of RMR measured via indirect calorimetry to predictive RMR using a standard predictive equation (RMR ratio) may be a useful assessment of EA in athletes. T ...
amino acid metabolism; lipid metabolism, etc ; amino acids; autophagy; biochemical pathways; biotechnology; homeostasis; secondary metabolites; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, promoting the balance between growth and lipid synthesis. However, the accumulation of microbial lipids involves multiple pathways, which requires the analysis of the global cellular metabolic network in which amino acid metabolism is involved. This review illustrates the dependence patterns of intracellular amino acids and lipids of oleaginous eukar ...
... Specialized metabolic pathways evolve from existing pathways, creating new functionality potentially boosting fitness. However, how these pathways are integrated into a pre-existing working and well-balanced metabolic system is unclear. They could be integrated to the system as a functional appendage, or they could be fully embedded into primary metabolism by establishing new biochemical and regul ...
Cliff Lindeman; Doug Klein; Michael Stickland; Neil Drummond; Yeong-Bae Kim; Carminda Lamboglia; Amie Mangan; Ashley McCurdy; Ewan Affleck; Scott Garrison; Randall Sargent; John C. Spence
... The purpose of this study was to examine the content of physical activity inputs in Canadian family physician electronic medical records. Of 1 225 948 patients aged 18–64 years, a sample of 1535 patients’ charts were reviewed. A minority (n = 148; 9.6%) of patients had at least 1 mention of physical activity at any time. Insufficient information existed to determine physical activity domain (21.6% ...
... The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Ppargc1a) gene encodes several PGC-1α isoforms that regulate mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular adaptive processes. Expressing specific PGC-1α isoforms in mice can confer protection in different disease models. This SnapShot summarizes how regulation of Ppargc1a transcription, splicing, translation, protein stability, and activ ...
Ana Fernández-Araque; Andrea Giaquinta-Aranda; Carmelo Moreno-Sainz; María Cruz Martínez-Martínez; Verónica Velasco-González; María Sainz-Gil; Luis H. Martín-Arias; Silvia Carretero-Molinero; Miguel García-Hidalgo; Zoraida Verde
bone metabolism; mineral metabolism, etc ; albumins; biomarkers; blood serum; calcium; creatinine; gender; genes; haplotypes; models; phosphorus; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Candidate gene studies have analyzed the effect of specific vitamin D pathway genes on vitamin D availability; however, it is not clear whether genetic variants also affect overall bone metabolism. This study evaluated the association between genetic polymorphisms in GC, CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 and serum levels of total 25(OH)D, iPTH and other mineral metabolism biomarkers (albumin, total calcium and p ...
... In this study, ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta were subjected to either a conventional 1‐day or an extended 5‐day respirometry protocol. Additionally, in the 5‐day protocol the fish were subjected to a 12 h light–dark cycle to assess the effects of photoperiods on metabolic rates (ṀO₂). Diurnal patterns in routine and resting ṀO₂ were not observed, suggesting that circadian rhythms in metabolism lar ...
... Phosphoinositides are a family of signaling lipids that play a profound role in regulating protein function at the membrane-cytosol interface of all cellular membranes. Underscoring their importance, mutations or alterations in phosphoinositide metabolizing enzymes lead to host of developmental, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders that are devastating for human health. In addition to lipid ...
metabolism, etc ; enzymes; gene expression; metabolites; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The post-genomic era is characterized by a range of high throughput profiling methods capable of broadly characterizing gene expression levels, protein, and metabolite abundances. Application of these methods, enzyme profiling, and more recently, protein-metabolite interactions and flux analysis have alongside modeling approaches allowed us to refine our understanding of the regulation of metaboli ...
carbon metabolism; energy metabolism; nitrogen metabolism, etc ; Methylomicrobium; biosynthesis; biotechnology; carbon; cell movement; electron transfer; global carbon budget; growth retardation; methanotrophs; mutants; nitrates; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase; transcriptome; transcriptomics; Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Methanotrophs capable of converting C1-based substrates play an important role in the global carbon cycle. As one of the essential macronutrient components in the medium, the uptake of nitrogen sources severely regulates the cell’s metabolism. Although the feasibility of utilizing nitrogen gas (N₂) by methanotrophs has been predicted, the mechanism remains unclear. Herein, the regulation of nitrog ...
amino acid metabolism; lipid metabolism, etc ; biomarkers; blood serum; chromatography; glucose; mass spectrometry; metabolites; metabolomics; pain; rheumatoid arthritis; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Yaobitong capsule (YBTC) has been used for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related lumbago and leg pain. However, its intervention mechanism still remains unclear. This study was aimed to evaluate the control efficiency of YBTC on adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats by metabonomic method and to explore its possible anti-arthritis mechanism. Taking into account the complexi ...
amino acid metabolism; carbohydrate metabolism, etc ; Acidocella; Clostridium; activated sludge; chemical oxygen demand; fermentation; organic matter; solubilization; sorbitol; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Polyoxyethylene dehydration sorbitol monooleate (polysorbate-80) pretreatment enhanced volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production of waste activated sludge (WAS) in acidogenic fermentation. The results showed that polysorbate-80 ameliorated WAS solubilization obviously with a soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increasing to 1536 mg/L within 4 h. Within 2 days of acidogenic fermentation, the maximal ...
... BACKGROUND: Medium‐chain monoglycerides (MGs) are a group of 1‐monoglycerides of medium‐chain fatty acids with strong antibacterial activity, which may influence the gut microbiota in the diet of broilers. The present study evaluated the effects of mixed MGs on the community and function of gut microbiota in broilers. A total of 528 newly hatched male yellow feathered broiler chicks were weighed a ...
amino acid metabolism; carbohydrate metabolism; lipid metabolism, etc ; Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera; abortion (plants); biosynthesis; flavonoids; flowers; genes; genetic analysis; glutathione; male sterility; metabolic diseases; mutants; pollen; protein synthesis; proteomics; sporopollenin; Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... A spontaneous male-sterile mutant ms01 was discovered from the excellent high-generation inbred line ‘hx12-6-3’ in wucai. Compared with wild-type ‘hx12-6-3’, ms01 displayed complete male sterility with degenerated stamens and no pollen. In this study, cytological observation revealed that the tapetum of the anthers of ms01 had degraded in advance, and microspore development had stagnated in the mo ...
metabolism, etc ; environment; sewage; surface water; toxicity; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... This article reviews the nano-effects and applications of different crystalline nano‑titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂), identifies their discharge, distribution, behavior, and toxicity to aquatic organisms (focusing on microbial aggregates) in sewage and surface-water, summarizes related toxicity mechanisms, and critically proposes future perspectives. The results show that: 1) based on crystal type, a ...
metabolism, etc ; calorimetry; nutrition; patients; respiratory quotient; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Indirect calorimetry is the recommended, most accurate way to measure resting energy expenditure (REE) in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. We tested the agreement of two systems: the Mindray metabolic system (the system to be validated) and the GE S/5 metabolic system (the reference system). We also compared the measurements obtained to commonly used predictive equations. This was ...
metabolism, etc ; cellulose; humus; pollution; protocatechuic acid; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Promoting humus production by composting is meaningful for decreasing organic wastes pollution, and repairing contaminated environment. However, the interaction of multiple humus formation pathways has limited to understand how to improve humus formation by composting. Here, humus formation has been divided into biotic and abiotic pathways to quantify their synergy to humus formation. Monomolecula ...