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... Insect immunity defends the infection of an insect pathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). However, it was not clear on the recognition of Bt infection by the insect immune system. This study tested a physiological function of dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) in the Bt infection. DSP1 is classified into HMGB1-like damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in insects. Upon Bt infection in ...
... Probiotic-fermented Chinese herbal medicine has been shown to stimulate immunity and modulate gut microbiota. It has been considered to be an ideal alternative to antibiotics in a variety of species. In this study, Clostridium butyricum was used as a fermentation strain, while a mixture of licorice root, Astragalus membranaceus and Acanthopanax senticosus was used as a substrate for solid-state fe ...
midgut, etc ; Staphylinidae; adults; fungivores; holotypes; male genitalia; Laos; Malaysia; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The large-sized species of the genus Eupiestus Kraatz were reviewed taxonomically. Eupiestus miriceps Fauvel, 1902, is redescribed with a detailed illustration of the male genital parts. Eupiestus giganteus Shibata, 1991, was synonymised with E. callosus Fauvel, 1902. Eupiestus miriceps and E. spinifer were newly recorded from the Malay Peninsula (Malaysia: Selangor) and Laos, respectively. Habitu ...
midgut, etc ; Diaphorina citri; RNA interference; bioinformatics; chitinase; ecdysterone; genes; integument; transcriptome; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Insect chitinases play vital roles in postembryonic development, especially during the molting process, and are potential targets for the RNA interference (RNAi)‐based insecticidal strategy. Systematic functional analyses of chitinase genes have already been conducted on numerous insect pests, but similar analyses have not been carried out on Diaphorina citri. RESULTS: Eleven chitinase ...
midgut, etc ; Helicoverpa armigera; Spodoptera litura; ecdysterone; ingestion; phytoecdysteroids; secondary metabolites; transcriptomics; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... To prevent their ingestion by phytophagous insects, plants produce secondary metabolites as defensive weapons. Conversely, insects need to counter these metabolites to survive. Different species, though they are closely related, can evolve distinct strategies to resist plant-derived factors. However, the mechanism under this high divergence resistance is still unclear at a molecular level. In this ...
midgut, etc ; Culicidae; Plasmodium; blood; complement; epithelium; humans; malaria; ookinetes; parasites; parasitology; therapeutics; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... During its life cycle, Plasmodium, the malaria parasite, is exposed to the human and mosquito complement systems. Early experiments demonstrated that activation of complement can pose a serious threat to parasites, but recent studies revealed complement-evasion mechanisms important for parasite survival. Blood-stage parasites and gametes recruit regulators to neutralize human complement activation ...
midgut, etc ; ABC transporters; Bacillus thuringiensis; Conogethes punctiferalis; proteinases; surface plasmon resonance; synergism; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bacillus thuringiensis Cry and Vip proteins are highly effective at controlling agricultural pests and could be used in pyramided transgenic crops. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the Cry1Ah and Vip3Aa19 synergistic interaction has never been investigated at the molecular level in Yellow peach moth (YPM) Conogethes punctiferalis. Binding affinity and synergism of Cry1Ah and Vip3Aa19 pr ...
midgut, etc ; chromatids; cotton; crystal proteins; genes; homozygosity; insect resistance; molecular biology; mortality; telophase; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The efficacy of Bt crystal proteins has been compromised due to their extensive utilization in the field. The second-generation Bt vegetative insecticidal proteins could be the best-suited alternative to combat resistance build-up due to their broad range affinity with midgut receptors of insects. MATERIAL AND RESULTS: The codon-optimized synthetic vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip ...
midgut, etc ; RNA interference; Spodoptera litura; cutworms; cytochrome P-450; fenvalerate; genome; larvae; pyrethrins; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, has developed with varying degrees of resistance to most commonly used insecticides. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) with broad substrate specificities have been frequently reported to be involved in insecticide detoxification, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Herein, seven CYP6AE subfamily P450s which possess six classical substrate recog ...
midgut, etc ; Mylabris; colon; epithelium; esophagus; foregut; hindgut; histology; ileum; muscles; pests; pharynx; proventriculus; rectum; Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the present study, we described the histological and anatomical studies of the digestive canal and excretory system of Mylabris cernyi with light and scanning electron microscopies. The digestive canal is divided into three parts: the foregut, the midgut, and the hindgut. The foregut includes a pharynx, an oesophagus, a proventriculus and an oesophageal valve. There are the muscle layer, a thin ...
midgut, etc ; Bombyx mori densovirus; DNA; genes; genomics; membrane proteins; mulberries; pathogens; research; silkworms; viruses; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bombyx mori densovirus 1 (BmDV1) is a pathogen that causes flacherie disease in mulberry silkworms (B. mori). The absolute resistance (non-susceptibility) to BmDV1 of certain silkworm strains is determined independently by two genes, nsd-1 and Nid-1. Previously, we investigated the expression of viral transcript in virus-inoculated silkworms carrying different nsd-1 and Nid-1 genotypes, and observ ...
midgut, etc ; Aedes aegypti; Sindbis virus; arboviruses; arthropods; blood; blood meal; vector competence; viral load; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The mechanisms involved in determining arbovirus vector competence, or the ability of an arbovirus to infect and be transmitted by an arthropod vector, are still incompletely understood. It is well known that vector competence for a particular arbovirus can vary widely among different populations of a mosquito species, which is generally attributed to genetic differences between populations. What ...
midgut, etc ; double-stranded RNA; gene expression; gene targeting; genes; larvae; mortality; pest control; pesticides; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... In recent years, gene knockdown technology using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been widely used as an environment-friendly pest control strategy, but its instability and limited cellular uptake have limited its overall effect. Studies have shown that the efficiency of single dsRNA can be improved by using various nanomaterials. However, the effect of stacked-dsRNA wrapped by nanomaterial on pest ...
... Fertilization is a central event during the life cycle of most eukaryotic organisms and involves gamete recognition and fusion, ultimately resulting in zygote formation. Gamete fertilization in the malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites occurs inside the mosquito midgut and represents a major bottleneck in the life cycle. Cysteine Rich Secretory Proteins (CRISPs) are key molecules involved in fertil ...
... Scientific studies about decapod crustaceans’ digestive physiology have increased, being an important topic with novel results in the last years. This revision aims to show how the study of crustacean peptidases has evolved, from the classical biochemical characterization studies to the assessment of their usefulness in biotechnological and industrial processes, with emphasis on commercial species ...
... In Brazil, the major vector of arboviruses is Aedes aegypti, which can transmit several alpha and flaviviruses. In this work, a pacifastin protease inhibitor library was constructed and used to select mutants for Ae. aegypti larvae digestive enzymes. The library contained a total of 3.25 × 10⁵ cfu with random mutations in the reactive site (P2–P2’). The most successfully selected mutant, TiPI6, a ...
... Although microorganisms in pond water and shrimp gut have been thought to be important factors in shrimp health, knowledge of the microbiota surrounding the shrimp is limited. In this study, we analyzed bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota in the pond water of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and bacterial compositions in the stomach and midgut of shrimp that are reared in the ponds. Microorga ...
... Huanglongbing is caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and transmitted by Diaphorina citri. D. citri harbors various insect-specific viruses, including the Diaphorina citri flavi-like virus (DcFLV). The distribution and biological role of DcFLV in its host and the relationship with CLas are unknown. DcFLV was found in various organs of D. citri, including the midgut and salivary gland ...
... The plant–pest interaction and its mechanisms are a novel research direction for pest control. They provide molecular targets for developing new pesticides and targeted control measures to control insect herbivores. Glucosinolate is a large family of secondary substances found in cruciferous plants that are harmful to herbivorous insects. Specialist herbivores have developed specific anti-defense ...
... The recent development of nanotechnology is paving way for inventions to mitigate mosquito menace. Plant mediated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of such promising alternatives for synthetic pesticides, which are basically biodegradable substances. Various plant-mediated AgNPs have shown tremendous impact as mosquito larvicides. This study is aimed to understand the activity of AgNPs against ...