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1. Anatomical specializations of the gizzard in soil-feeding termites (Termitidae, Apicotermitinae): Taxonomical and functional implications

Author:
Romero Arias, Johanna; Chevalier, Clément; Roisin, Yves
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2020 v.57 pp. 100942
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Termitidae; arthropods; enzymes; gizzard; proventriculus; savannas; sclerotization; taxonomy; tropical forests;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The anatomy of the workers' digestive tube is essential in taxonomical studies of soil-feeding Apicotermitinae termites, especially in soldierless lineages. Two structures, the mesenteric-proctodeal junction and the enteric valve, have long been important to distinguish genera and species. By contrast, the gizzard (proventriculus) has been almost ignored by taxonomists because of its generally reg ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2020.100942

2. Structural ensemble-based computational analysis of trypsin enzyme genes discovered highly conserved peptide motifs in insects

Author:
Hemmati, Seyed Ali; Mehrabadi, Mohammad
Source:
Archiv für Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz 2020 v.53 no.7-8 pp. 335-354
ISSN:
1477-2906
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Drosophila melanogaster; binding sites; bioinformatics; genes; insects; models; peptides; phylogeny; probability; trypsin;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Trypsin is the major protease enzyme existing in the midgut of most insect species. Despite the importance of trypsin enzymes in insects, there is no comprehensive evidence available on the structure and function of this enzyme. Therefore, in the present study, trypsin enzymes from different species including insect and other organisms were analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. Ten motifs were ...
DOI:
10.1080/03235408.2020.1744978

3. Levels of the endosymbiont Rickettsia in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci are influenced by the expression of vitellogenin

Author:
Brumin, M.; Lebedev, G.; Kontsedalov, S.; Ghanim, M.
Source:
Insect molecular biology 2020 v.29 no.2 pp. 241-255
ISSN:
0962-1075
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Bemisia tabaci; Rickettsia; arthropods; endosymbionts; hosts; insect biology; insects; microsymbionts; pests; plant viruses; transcriptomics; vitellogenin;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bacterial endosymbionts play essential roles in the biology of their arthropod hosts by interacting with internal factors in the host. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a worldwide agricultural pest and a supervector for more than 100 plant viruses. Like many other arthropods, Be. tabaci harbours a primary endosymbiont, Porteira aleyrodidarum, and an array of secondary endosymbionts that coexist with ...
DOI:
10.1111/imb.12629

4. The first characterization of a cystatin and a cathepsin L-like peptidase from Aedes aegypti and their possible role in DENV infection by the modulation of apoptosis

Author:
Oliveira, Felipe A.A.; Buri, Marcus V.; Rodriguez, Boris L.; Costa-da-Silva, André L.; Araújo, Helena R.C.; Capurro, Margareth L.; Lu, Stephen; Tanaka, Aparecida S.
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2020 v.146 pp. 141-149
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Aedes aegypti; apoptosis; cathepsin L; cell viability; genes; messenger RNA; pH; salivary glands; transcriptome;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recently, a salivary gland transcriptome study demonstrated that the transcripts of a putative cystatin gene (SeqID AAEL013287; Aacystatins) from Aedes aegypti were increased in DENV2-infected mosquitoes and that silencing of the Aacystatin gene resulted in an increase in DENV titres. In this work, Aacystatin was biochemically characterized; the purified recombinant inhibitor was able to inhibit t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.010

5. Functional analysis of the three major PGRPLC isoforms in the midgut of the malaria mosquito Anopheles coluzzii

Author:
Rodgers, Faye H.; Cai, Julia A.; Pitaluga, Andre N.; Mengin-Lecreulx, Dominique; Gendrin, Mathilde; Christophides, George K.
Source:
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 2020 v.118 pp. 103288
ISSN:
0965-1748
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Anopheles gambiae; Drosophila; bacteria; bacterial infections; complement; elicitors; immunity; insects; malaria; models; peptidoglycans; polymers; proteins;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) constitute the primary means of bacterial recognition in insects. Recent work in the model organism Drosophila has revealed the mechanisms by which the complement of PGRPs refine the sensitivity of different tissues to bacterial elicitors, permitting the persistence of commensal bacteria in the gut whilst maintaining vigilance against bacterial infection. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103288

6. Midgut fluxes and digestive enzyme recycling in Musca domestica: A molecular approach

Author:
Barroso, Ignacio G.; Fuzita, Felipe J.; Ferreira, Clelia; Terra, Walter R.
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2020 v.241 pp. 110627
ISSN:
1095-6433
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Musca domestica; absorption; aquaporins; dyes; excretion; furosemide; insects; proteomics; secretion; sequence analysis; transporters; trypsin;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Insects are reported to have water midgut countercurrents fluxes powering enzyme recovery before excretion, usually known as enzyme recycling. Up to now there is a single, and very incomplete, attempt to relate transporters and channels with countercurrent fluxes. In this work, M. domestica midgut water fluxes were inferred from the concentration of ingested and non absorbable dye along the midgut ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110627

7. Gut compartments and ovary bacterial symbionts of the Sunn pest

Author:
Amiri, Azam; Bandani, Ali R.; Kafil, Maryam
Source:
Journal of Asia-Pacific entomology 2020 v.23 no.3 pp. 723-730
ISSN:
1226-8615
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Acetobacteraceae; Enterococcus; Eurygaster integriceps; Pantoea; Spiroplasma; diet; hindgut; insect pests; microsymbionts; niches; overwintering; polyphyly; species diversity; wheat;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is the severe pest of cereals, especially of wheat in many parts of the world. Many insect species, including the Sunn pest that feed solely on nutritionally restricted diets, harbor symbiotic microorganisms. In the current study, we isolated and identified the Sunn pest bacterial symbionts of gut fractions and ovary. The phylogenet ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aspen.2020.06.002

8. Identification of a PP2A gene in Bombyx mori with antiviral function against B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus

Author:
Hu, Zhi‐Gang; Dong, Zhan‐Qi; Dong, Fei‐Fan; Zhu, Yan; Chen, Peng; Lu, Cheng; Pan, Min‐Hui
Source:
Insect science 2020 v.27 no.4 pp. 687-696
ISSN:
1672-9609
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Bombyx mori; Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus; RNA interference; antiviral properties; breeding; cytoplasm; genes; okadaic acid; phosphoprotein phosphatase; silkworms;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the type 2 protein phosphatases, which is required for many intracellular physiological processes and pathogen infection. However, the function of PP2A is unclear in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Here, we cloned and identified BmPP2A, a PP2A gene from B. mori, which has two HEAT domains and a high similarity to PP2A from other organisms. Our results showed ...
DOI:
10.1111/1744-7917.12678

9. Vector competence of Malaysian Aedes aegypti to Zika virus and impact of sequential arbovirus infections

Author:
Ong, Nyee Huey; Chua, Chong Long; Liew, Jonathan Wee Kent; Wan Sulaiman, Wan Yusoff; Chan, Yoke Fun; Sam, I-Ching; Vythilingam, Indra
Source:
Acta tropica 2020 v.208 pp. 105472
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Aedes aegypti; Zika virus; arboviruses; insect vectors; saliva; sample size; serotypes; thorax; vector competence; Malaysia; Martinique;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with global impact since 2015. Although ZIKV was first isolated from Aedes aegypti in Malaysia in 1965, not much is known about the competency of Malaysian Ae. aegypti to ZIKV. To date only 9 cases of ZIKV have been reported in Malaysia despite the abundance of mosquito vectors. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to ZIKV ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105472

10. First Observation of Experimental Plasmodium vivax Infection of Three Malaria Vectors from the Brazilian Amazon

Author:
Araújo, Maisa da Silva; Andrade, Alice Oliveira; dos Santos, Najara Akira Costa; Castro, Raphael Brum; Pereira, Dhélio Batista; Rodrigues, Moreno Magalhães de Souza; Costa, Glaucilene da Silva; Júnior, Antonio Marques Pereira; Carvalho, Luís Paulo Costa; de Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes; Pereira-da-Silva, Luiz Hidelbrando
Source:
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases 2020 v.20 no.7 pp. 517-523
ISSN:
1557-7759
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Anopheles aquasalis; Anopheles darlingi; Plasmodium vivax; blood; insect vectors; malaria; microscopy; models; oocysts; parasites; patients; vector control; Amazonia; Brazil;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Although malaria is endemic to the Amazon region, little is known about the susceptibility of potential parasite vectors in Brazil. Assessing the vector susceptibility of Anopheles mosquitoes will increase our understanding of parasite–vector interactions and aid the design of vector control strategies. This study assessed the susceptibility of three Anopheles species to midgut infection by Plasmo ...
DOI:
10.1089/vbz.2019.2527

11. Immune responses to Bacillus thuringiensis in the midgut of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

Author:
Lin, Junhan; Yu, Xiao-Qiang; Wang, Qian; Tao, Xinping; Li, Jinyang; Zhang, Shanshan; Xia, Xiaofeng; You, Minsheng
Source:
Developmental and comparative immunology 2020 v.107 pp. 103661
ISSN:
0145-305X
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Bacillus thuringiensis; Plutella xylostella; antimicrobial peptides; genes; immune response; insects; larvae; mitogen-activated protein kinase; prophenoloxidase; proteins; proteomics; transcriptomics;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is the first insect to develop resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the field. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the interaction between Bt and midgut immunity in P. xylostella. Here, we report immune responses in the P. xylostella midgut to Bt strain Bt8010 using a combined approach of transcriptomics and quantitative prot ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dci.2020.103661

12. Evolutionary trends of digestion and absorption in the major insect orders

Author:
Terra, Walter R.; Ferreira, Clelia
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2020 v.56 pp. 100931
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Coleoptera; Diptera; Hemiptera; Lepidoptera; Orthoptera; Phasmida; ancestry; arthropods; bees; digestion; genomics; grasshoppers; hydrolysis; intestinal absorption; moths; phylogeny; transcriptome;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... The spatial organization of digestion, which corresponds to the steps by which the ingested food is hydrolyzed in the different regions of the gut, was described in insects from the major insect orders. The pattern of digestion and absorption in the midgut shows a strong phylogenetic influence, modulated by adaptation to particular feeding habits. Based on this, basic digestive patterns were recog ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2020.100931

13. Characterization of α-amylase and its activity from mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Hemiptera) and its inhibition by Rorippa indica defensin

Author:
Sarkar, Poulami; Sikdar, Samir Ranjan
Source:
International journal of pest management 2020 v.66 no.2 pp. 99-105
ISSN:
1366-5863
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Brassica juncea; Lipaphis erysimi; Rorippa indica; alpha-amylase; enzyme activity; insects; pH; pest management; pests; protein content; starch; temperature;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach is one of the economically important pests of Indian mustard Brassica juncea. Plant defense against these pests include impairing digestive processes in the insect gut. Thus, for an effective pest management, it is imperative to understand the digestive enzymes present in the pest. The present study involves the characterization of mustard aphid α-amylase and the effica ...
DOI:
10.1080/09670874.2019.1569284

14. Retained metabolic activity in honey bee collected pollen has implications for pollen digestion and effects on honey bee health

Author:
McKinstry, Mia; Prado-Irwin, Sofia R.; Adames, Tara Reyes; Snow, Jonathan W.
Source:
Apidologie 2020 v.51 no.2 pp. 212-225
ISSN:
0044-8435
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; bee pollen; biochemical pathways; digestion; digestive tract; germination; honey bees; osmotic stress; pollen; reactive oxygen species;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The mechanisms by which pollen is digested by honey bees are incompletely understood. Potential methods are thought to include pseudogermination, mechanical disruption, enzymatic breakdown, or osmotic shock. Understanding the role of pseudogermination in this process has been hampered by a lack of tools demonstrating retention of metabolic activity in pollen collected by honey bees. Here, we show ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13592-019-00703-x

15. A comparison of ten digestive enzymes reveals a lack of chitinase in a phasmid and the loss of two β‐glucanases in a mantid

Author:
Woodring, Joseph
Source:
Physiological entomology 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 89-94
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Mantodea; aminopeptidases; beta-glucosidase; carnivores; cell walls; chitinase; developmental stages; diet; digestive enzymes; enzyme activity; herbivores; insects; molting; secretion;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... In all developmental stages, the phasmid Peruphasma schultei (Conle & Hennemann, 2005) is an obligate herbivore, whereas the mantid Hierodula membranacea (Burmeister, 1838) is an obligatory carnivore. In P. schultei, the luminal activity of all enzymes is approxximately 50% in the crop and 50% in the midgut, which corresponds to the approximate 50 : 50 ratio of volumes of these two regions. These ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12319

16. Histology and ultramorphology of the mesenteric sacs in the Neotropical termite Neocapritermes opacus (Blattaria, Termitidae, Termitinae)

Author:
Bueno da Silva, Iago; da Silva, Iago Bueno; Buganeme, Sandra Daruiche; Costa-Leonardo, Ana Maria
Source:
Zoologischer Anzeiger 2020 v.285 pp. 97-104
ISSN:
0044-5231
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Blattodea; Neotropics; Termitidae; bacteria; decayed wood; digestion; epithelium; histology; humus; intestines; microscopy; microvilli; symbionts; synapomorphy; ultrastructure;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Neocapritermes opacus is a Neotropical termite, which feeds on a variety of food sources, including highly decayed wood and humus. Similar to many Termitidae, this species contains a mixed segment in the intestine, an anatomic distinct region composed of both mesenteric and proctodeal tissues. In Neocapritermes spp., a pair of intestinal protrusions referred to as mesenteric sacs are associated wi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcz.2020.02.003

17. Observation of morphological changes of female osmiophilic bodies prior to Plasmodium gametocyte egress from erythrocytes

Author:
Ishino, Tomoko; Tachibana, Mayumi; Baba, Minami; Iriko, Hideyuki; Tsuboi, Takafumi; Torii, Motomi
Source:
Molecular and biochemical parasitology 2020 v.236 pp. 111261
ISSN:
0166-6851
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Anopheles; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium yoelii; erythrocyte membrane; erythrocytes; exocytosis; females; gametocytes; hosts; malaria; mammals; parasites; plasma membrane; proteins; vacuoles;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plasmodium parasites cause malaria in mammalian hosts and are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Gametocytes, which differentiate from asexual-stage parasites, are activated by environmental changes when ingested into the mosquito midgut, and are rapidly released from erythrocytes prior to fertilization. Secretory proteins localized to osmiophilic bodies (OBs), organelles unique to gametocytes, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111261

18. An estimation of the dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels for optimum growth and feed utilisation for large Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi)

Author:
Stone, David A.J.; Bansemer, Matthew S.; Skordas, Paul; Ruff, Nicole
Source:
Aquaculture 2020 v.528 pp. 735640
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Seriola lalandi; diet; feed conversion; fish culture; fish oils; hindgut; histology; omega-3 fatty acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; poultry; specific growth rate; villi;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Understanding optimal dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC n-3 PUFA) levels for aquaculture species is vital to sustainably and economically utilise fish oil. The optimum dietary LC n-3 PUFA level for large Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK) was unknown. In this 84 day study, the growth, feed efficiency and health of YTK (2.67 kg) fed graded levels of dietary fish oil, usi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735640

19. DNA synthesis increases during the first hours post-emergence in Anopheles albimanus mosquito midgut

Author:
Maya-Maldonado, Krystal; Cardoso-Jaime, Victor; Hernández-Martínez, Salvador; Vázquez-Calzada, Carlos; Hernández-Hernández, Fidel de la Cruz; Lanz-Mendoza, Humberto
Source:
Developmental and comparative immunology 2020 v.112 pp. 103753
ISSN:
0145-305X
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Anopheles albimanus; DNA; DNA replication; bioinformatics; cell differentiation; cyclins; disease transmission; flow cytometry; hematophagous insects; mitosis; pathogens; polyploidy; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... In hematophagous insects, the midgut is a fundamental barrier against infections and limits the development and transmission of pathogens. However, in mosquitoes, cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell cycle process in the midgut have not been characterized. Here we provide evidence of how cell cycle progression occurs in the newly emerged Anopheles albimanus mosquito midgut and describing ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dci.2020.103753

20. Susceptibility of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes with regard to its immune response

Author:
El Sadawy, Hanan A.; EL Namaky, Amira H.; Al Omari, Fawzya; Bahareth, Osama M.
Source:
Biological control 2020 v.148 pp. 104308
ISSN:
1049-9644
Subject:
midgut,   etc   ; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Phoenix dactylifera; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus; Steinernema glaseri; biological control; entomopathogenic nematodes; hemocytes; histology; histopathology; imagos; immune response; insect larvae; insecticides; juveniles; laboratory experimentation; mortality; pests; virulence;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is the most devastating pest of date palm, with a severe impact on cultivation and production. The virulence of five species/strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema scapterisci (Ss), Steinernema sp. (SII), Steinernema abbasi (Ab), Steinernema glaseri (Sg), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88) was tested against larva ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104308