An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
dried skim milk, etc ; drainage; foams; moisture diffusivity; pineapples; principal component analysis; pulp; rheological properties; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The time-dependent rheological characteristics of pineapple pulp foam (PPF), prepared by whipping the pulp with varying concentrations (2–6%) of skim milk powder (SMP), were investigated at different shear rates (1, 10, and 50 s⁻¹). The PPF showed time-dependent shear-thinning behavior that could be explained by the Hahn and Figoni-Shoemaker models (r≤0.997). The time and shear-rate-dependent stru ...
milk, etc ; air; dissolved gases; equations; evaporation; heat; heat exchangers; heat treatment; solubility; steam; temperature; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... A thermodynamically based theoretical analysis of bubble formation on hot heat-exchanger wall surfaces in systems for continuous indirect thermal treatment of milk was performed. Whereas previous research on bubble-related fouling has been experimental with just hypothesis about mechanisms behind the impact of bubble formation on fouling, this research contribute with a novel theoretical anadlysis ...
... The chemical properties and quality of milk powder and reconstituted milk can be changed by preheating treatment during milk powder processing. The effect of preheating conditions (low‐temperature pasteurization [LT], high‐temperature pasteurization [HT], extended shelf‐life [ESL], ultra‐high‐temperature [UHT], and in‐container sterilization [CS]), on furosine, furfural compounds, and advanced gly ...
milk; milk fat; milk proteins, etc ; Northern Ireland; cows; energy; lactation; milk yield; nitrogen; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study examined the relationships between milk yield and diet composition, nutrient intakes, milk composition, and feed use efficiency when concentrates were offered using a feed-to-yield (FTY) approach. The study was conducted on 26 dairy farms in Northern Ireland. Cows (n = 3471) were fully housed and were offered concentrates on an FTY basis. Individual cow genetic information was obtained ...
chocolate milk; fluid milk; milk fat, etc ; chocolate; flavor; lipid content; mouthfeel; school lunch; skim milk; viscosity; whole milk; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Schools participating in federal meal programs are limited to serving skim or low-fat (≤1%) flavored and unflavored milk. Few studies have directly addressed child perceptions and preferences for milk containing different amounts of milkfat. The objective of this study was to determine whether children can differentiate between flavored and unflavored fluid milk containing varying levels of milkfa ...
... Although causality is yet to be confirmed, a considerable volume of research has explored the relationships between cow milk consumption, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Contrastingly, it has not been comprehensively examined whether milk of non-bovine origin can provide cardiometabolic protection. This narrative review outlines the marked differences in macronutrient composition, pa ...
dried milk; fermented milk; milk, etc ; humans; liquids; sugars; technology; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... α-Dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs) are highly reactive intermediates mainly formed in Maillard and caramelizing reactions and reported as unhealthy compounds to the human body. In this study, the LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine seven α-DCs, including glucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, glyoxal, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene, methylglyoxal, and 2,3-buta ...
Dovilė Malašauskienė; Ramūnas Antanaitis; Vida Juozaitienė; Algimantas Paulauskas; Gediminas Urbonavičius; Mindaugas Televičius; Mingaudas Urbutis; Lina Kajokienė; Ayhan Yilmaz; Walter Baumgartner
milk; milk fat; milk proteins, etc ; agriculture; dystocia; health status; herds; lactose; lameness; locomotion; milk quality; milk yield; normal distribution; risk; Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aims of our study were to evaluate the associations between calving difficulty and lameness and their effects on milk yield and quality traits. A total of 4723 calving cases were evaluated for calving difficulty using a 4-point scoring system. Lameness was diagnosed with a visual locomotion score system from 1 to 30 days after calving in 333 fresh dairy cows. Cows were divided into non-lame co ...
ass milk; skim milk; whole milk, etc ; casein; ultracentrifugation; ultrafiltration; whey; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, Co, Li, B, Ti, Cr, Rb, Sr, Cd, and Pb in donkey milk and their distribution in major milk fractions (i.e., fat, casein, whey proteins, and aqueous phase). Individual milk samples were provided by 16 clinically healthy lactating donkeys. Subsequent centrifugation, ultracentrifugation, and ultrafiltration were carried ou ...
breast milk; milk; milk yield, etc ; laboratory animals; mice; oxytocin; toxicology; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The mouse is an important laboratory animal in pharmacological and toxicological research. However, there is a limited ability to analyse the penetration of tested substances in mouse breastmilk, which is technically difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities. The aim of the study is to verify the use of carbetocin for this purpose. The effect of carbetocin (20 and 40 μg per animal) was tested i ...
... The dairy sheep industry is an important but lacking part of the small ruminant industry. For a sheep breeding program, in addition to wool and meat use, sheep milk can also be processed into high-end dairy products such as cheese and milk powder and bring high economic interests for businesses home and abroad. With increasing interest in sheep milk, the content of which is becoming increasingly c ...
milk; milk ejection; milk yield, etc ; Holstein; claws; electrical conductivity; udders; ultrasonics; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Adequate prestimulation is considered a requirement for a fast, gentle, and complete udder emptying at machine milking. Reduced vacuum or reduced liner-open phase of pulsation (or both) may replace prestimulation and consequently reduce work load of the milker and increase parlor efficiency. In the present study we compared 2 milking routines (MR) with manual prestimulation (LPrep = long preparati ...
milk; milk fat; milk synthesis, etc ; cattle; cell proliferation; epithelium; genes; leucine; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The cell proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and consequent milk synthesis are regulated by multiple factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 14-3-3β on cellular proliferation and milk fat/β-casein synthesis in BMECs and reveal its underlying mechanisms. In this study, we employed gene function analysis to explore the regulatory effect and molecular mech ...
dried skim milk; milk; milk proteins, etc ; amino acid sequences; glycation; hydrophobicity; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... We investigated protein glycation in a complex milk system under controlled conditions representative of real-life consumer products, analysing intermediate and final products from skim milk powder production, and aged powder samples. We combined protein-centric LC-MS(/MS) with peptide-centric multi-protease LC-MS/MS focusing on the six most abundant bovine milk proteins. This strategy resulted in ...
milk; milk composition; milk synthesis, etc ; Large White; colostrum; genotype; lactation; lactose; landraces; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of the study was a search for new polymorphisms in the genes related to lactogenesis, including lactose synthesis in colostrum and milk, and determine their relationship with the content of colostrum and milk components and body weight of the piglets. Colostrum and milk were sampled during the second lactation on d 1, 7, 14 and 21 from 112 sows of Polish Large White (PLW) and Polish Landra ...
milk; milk fat; milk fat yield, etc ; biohydrogenation; lipid content; prediction; statistical models; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Under certain conditions, ruminal biohydrogenation produces trans fatty acids (FA), such as trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and trans-10 18:1 (T10), which are associated with a phenomenon known as milk fat depression syndrome (MFD). The effect of milk trans-10 FA on MFD in small ruminants has been quantified using different regression models. However, no study has defined a regres ...
ass milk; milk; milk yield, etc ; functional foods; human health; humans; interdisciplinary research; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Donkey milk has been in the spotlight for the past 2 decades, mainly because of its potential as a functional food that has positive effects on human health. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding farming practices, milk yield and milk processing, the introduction of minimal technology, and the use of donkey milk to produce dairy products. In this review, we highlight the fact that interdiscipl ...
milk fat; recombined milk; skim milk, etc ; denaturation; gelation; heat treatment; pH; protein denaturation; whey; whey protein; whole milk; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recombined whole milk was prepared by heating skim milk before homogenising with milkfat (HEHO milk) or by homogenising milkfat with unheated skim milk and heating the recombined milk (HOHE milk). Heat treatment caused whey protein denaturation, more at higher temperatures and slightly more in HEHO milk than in HOHE milk. Less protein was adsorbed to the fat globules of the HEHO milk than the HOHE ...
milk; milk fat; milk production, etc ; dairy cattle; data collection; lipid content; milk proteins; phenotypic variation; protein content; variance; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Machine learning methods were considered efficient in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) underlying a trait of interest. This study aimed to construct predictive models using machine learning algorithms, to identify loci that best explain the variance in milk traits of dairy cattle. Further objectives involved validating the results by comparison with reported relevant regions and r ...
frozen milk; milk; milk fat, etc ; cold storage; food chemistry; heat treatment; homogenization; lysophosphatidylcholine; lysophospholipids; phosphatidylserines; raw milk; sphingomyelins; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Milk processing technology disrupts milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) structures and decreases the phospholipid content in MFGM. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of homogenization, thermal treatment, and cold storage on milk phospholipids. A total of 175 phospholipid molecular species were identified and quantified. Phosphatidylcholine was the most abundant phospholipid, and sphingom ...