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1. Priority effects within coinfected hosts can drive unexpected population‐scale patterns of parasite prevalence

Author:
Clay, Patrick A.; Cortez, Michael H.; Duffy, Meghan A.; Rudolf, Volker H. W.
Source:
Oikos 2019 v.128 no.4 pp. 571-583
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; hosts; models; parasites;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Organisms are frequently coinfected by multiple parasite strains and species, and interactions between parasites within hosts are known to influence parasite prevalence and diversity, as well as epidemic timing. Importantly, interactions between coinfecting parasites can be affected by the order in which they infect hosts (i.e. within‐host priority effects). In this study, we use a single‐host, tw ...
DOI:
10.1111/oik.05937

2. Synergy between grapevine vitiviruses and grapevine leafroll viruses

Author:
Rowhani, A.; Daubert, Steve; Arnold, K.; Al Rwahnih, M.; Klaassen, V.; Golino, D.; Uyemoto, J. K.
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2018 v.151 no.4 pp. 919-925
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Vitis; vines; viruses;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... An interactive relationship between vitiviruses and grapevine leafroll viruses was characterized in grapevine. Grapevine viruses A and B (GVA and GVB) were found more frequently in the presence of co-infecting Grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV-1, −2 or −3) than in their absence. The titers of the vitiviruses in co-infection with leafroll viruses were found to be higher than were their t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-018-1426-7

3. Effectiveness of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, dasabuvir for HCV in HIV/HCV coinfected subjects: a comprehensive analysis

Author:
Wu, Jingjing; Huang, Peng; Fan, Haozhi; Tian, Ting; Xia, Xueshan; Fu, Zuqiang; Wang, Yan; Ye, Xiangyu; Yue, Ming; Zhang, Yun
Source:
Virology journal 2019 v.16 no.1 pp. 11
ISSN:
1743-422X
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Hepatitis C virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; confidence interval; genotype; immunosuppression; patients; viruses;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Data on the treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection remains limited. A comprehensive analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ombitasvir (OBV)/paritaprevir (PTV)/ritonavir(r) ± dasabuvir (DSV) ± ribavirin (RBV) for treatment in HCV/HIV coinfected patients. METHODS: We systematically searched and included stu ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12985-018-1114-4

4. Influenza and Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection: TLR9 at Play

Author:
Sun, Keer; Metzger, Dennis W.
Source:
Trends in microbiology 2019 v.27 no.5 pp. 383-384
ISSN:
0966-842X
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Staphylococcus aureus; Toll-like receptor 9; influenza; lungs; mortality;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bacterial lung infections are frequent causes of mortality following influenza infection, but the fundamental mechanisms remain largely unknown. A new study by Martínez-Colón et al. (PLoS Pathog. 2019;15:e1007560) now suggests that influenza-induced immune suppression of Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by TLR9 signaling. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tim.2019.02.006

5. Semi‐quantitative duplex RT‐PCR reveals the low occurrence of Porcine Pegivirus and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus in diagnostic samples from the United States

Author:
Chen, Fangzhou; Knutson, Todd P.; Braun, Eli; Jiang, Yin; Rossow, Stephanie; Marthaler, Douglas G.
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2019 v.66 no.3 pp. 1420-1425
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Pestivirus; emerging diseases; metagenomics; pathogens; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; viruses; China; United States;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Porcine Pegivirus (PPgV) and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) are two recently identified porcine viruses. In this study, the identification of two viruses by metagenomic sequencing, and a duplex semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR was developed to detect these pathogens simultaneously. The PPgV strain Minnesota‐1/2016 had a 95.5%–96.3% nucleotide identity and clustered with the recently identified US PPgV ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.13154

6. Strength in numbers: Mechanisms of viral co-infection

Author:
Aguilera, Elizabeth R.; Pfeiffer, Julie K.
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.265 pp. 43-46
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; RNA viruses; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; bacteria; genome; virus transmission; viruses;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... RNA virus populations are diverse due to a variety of factors, including lack of proofreading of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These diverse viral populations include defective viruses incapable of productive infection. Recent studies have determined the existence of several modes of viral transmission outside of canonical pathways, including en bloc transmission of multiple viruses into ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.003

7. Pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir 100 mg once daily with rifampicin

Author:
Wang, Xinzhu; Cerrone, Maddalena; Ferretti, Francesca; Castrillo, Nadia; Maartens, Gary; McClure, Myra; Boffito, Marta
Source:
International journal of antimicrobial agents 2019
ISSN:
0924-8579
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; HIV infections; confidence interval; drugs; enzymes; geometry; pharmacokinetics; rifampicin; transporters; tuberculosis;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Tuberculosis (TB) causes 25% of all deaths among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Rifampicin (RIF) is a potent inducer of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, and co-administration with dolutegravir (DTG) reduces DTG exposure; this can be overcome by doubling the DTG dose to 50 mg twice daily. This study investigated the effect of RIF on DTG exposure when d ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.04.009

8. Wound and gastric myiasis due to Chrysomyia bezziana and Cobbaldia elephantis and its pathological lesions in wild elephants in the Nilgiris hills of Tamil Nadu

Author:
Soundararajan, C.; Prabhu, K. P.; Nagarajan, K.; Divya, T.
Source:
Journal of parasitic diseases 2019 v.43 no.1 pp. 134-138
ISSN:
0971-7196
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Elephantidae; females; gastric mucosa; hills; histopathology; insect larvae; males; myiasis; necropsy; palate; India;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Thirty-five years old female and 12 years old male wild elephant were found dead at Seviyodu and Cherangode of Cherambadi range at Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu state. On post mortem examination, maggots were recovered from palate of oral cavity and gastric mucosa of the stomach and identified as Chrysomyia bezziana and Cobbaldia elephantis, respectively. Histopathology of oral tissue specimen rev ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12639-018-1068-x

9. Bovine papillomavirus 24: a novel member of the genus Xipapillomavirus detected in the Amazon region

Author:
Daudt, Cíntia; da Silva, Flavio R. C.; Cibulski, Samuel P.; Streck, André F.; Laurie, Rebecca E.; Munday, John S.; Canal, Cláudio W.
Source:
Archives of virology 2019 v.164 no.2 pp. 637-641
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Bovine papillomavirus; Deltapapillomavirus; Epsilonpapillomavirus; Xipapillomavirus; cows; etiological agents; genome; papilloma; phylogeny; viruses; Amazonia; Brazil;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) have been described as etiologic agents of cutaneous and mucosal papillomas in cattle. In the present study, we describe a new BPV that was detected in a cutaneous papilloma from a cow. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this virus belong to the genus Xipapillomavirus, and we refer to it here as BPV type 24 (BPV24). Coinfection with members of the genera Epsilonpapi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-018-4092-3

10. Importance of Sequence and Timing in Parasite Coinfections

Author:
Karvonen, Anssi; Jokela, Jukka; Laine, Anna-Liisa
Source:
Trends in parasitology 2019 v.35 no.2 pp. 109-118
ISSN:
1471-4922
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; animals; evolution; host-parasite relationships; hosts; life history; longevity; parasites; virulence;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Coinfections by multiple parasites predominate in the wild. Interactions between parasites can be antagonistic, neutral, or facilitative, and they can have significant implications for epidemiology, disease dynamics, and evolution of virulence. Coinfections commonly result from sequential exposure of hosts to different parasites. We argue that the sequential nature of coinfections is important for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pt.2018.11.007

11. A new one-step multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection and identification of avian haemosporidian parasites

Author:
Ciloglu, Arif; Ellis, Vincenzo A.; Bernotienė, Rasa; Valkiūnas, Gediminas; Bensch, Staffan
Source:
Parasitology research 2019 v.118 no.1 pp. 191-201
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; DNA; Haemoproteus; Leucocytozoon; Plasmodium; birds; microscopy; parasites; protocols; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; screening; surveys;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Accurate detection and identification are essential components for epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary surveys of avian haemosporidian parasites. Microscopy has been used for more than 100 years to detect and identify these parasites; however, this technique requires considerable training and high-level expertise. Several PCR methods with highly sensitive and specific detection capabilit ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-018-6153-7

12. Bottlenecks and complementation in the aphid transmission of citrus tristeza virus populations

Author:
Harper, S. J.; Cowell, S. J.; Dawson, W. O.
Source:
Archives of virology 2018 v.163 no.12 pp. 3373-3376
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Aphidoidea; Citrus tristeza virus; complementary DNA; genotype; viruses;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Aphid transmission is a major factor in the formation of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) populations. Here, we examined the effect of population interaction on aphid transmissibility of different CTV genotypes. We found that there was no correlation between the proportion of viral genotypes in the source population and what was transmitted. We next examined the transmission of a poorly transmitted inf ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-018-4009-1

13. A high prevalence of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 co-infections in cervical biopsies from southern Brazil

Author:
Jesus, Sheile Pinheiro de; Costa, Ana Carla Marques da; Barcellos, Regina Bones; Medeiros, Rubia Marília de; Silva, Cláudia Maria Dornelles da; Rossetti, Maria Lucia
Source:
Brazilian journal of microbiology 2018 v.49 pp. 220-223
ISSN:
1517-8382
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Human papillomavirus 16; biopsy; microbiology; Brazil;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... HPV types 16 and 18 were studied in paraffin-fixed cervical biopsy collected in southern Brazil. HPV 16, HPV 18 and co-infection HPV 16/18 were identified in 10/57 (17.5%), 4/57 (7%) and in 43/57 (75.4%) samples, respectively. Southern Brazil has one of the highest prevalence rates of HPV 16/18 reported. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bjm.2018.04.003

14. Universal Health Coverage in Africa: Coinfections and Comorbidities

Author:
Osakunor, Derick Nii Mensah; Sengeh, David Moinina; Mutapi, Francisca
Source:
Trends in parasitology 2018 v.34 no.10 pp. 813-817
ISSN:
1471-4922
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; World Health Organization; comorbidity; noninfectious diseases; Africa;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... At the 67th session of the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Committee meeting in August 2017, African health ministers adopted a range of transformational actions intended to strengthen health systems in countries, leading to Universal Health Coverage (UHC). A critical challenge for UHC is the existence of coinfections and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), characterised by comorbidities. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pt.2018.07.002

15. New variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with large deletions in the spike protein, identified in the United States, 2016-2017

Author:
Su, Yunfang; Hou, Yixuan; Prarat, Melanie; Zhang, Yan; Wang, Qiuhong
Source:
Archives of virology 2018 v.163 no.9 pp. 2485-2489
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; swine; Japan; United States;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Four types of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) variants with a large deletion in the spike protein were detected, together with the original US PEDV, from pig fecal and oral fluid samples collected during 2016-2017 in the US. Two of the variants are similar to those identified in Japan: one contains a 194-aa deletion, the same as PEDV variant TTR-2/JPN/2014, while the other contains a 204-aa ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-018-3874-y

16. Molecular detection and prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in two types of domestic farm animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA) in China

Author:
Zhang, Xueyong; Jian, Yingna; Li, Xiuping; Ma, Liqing; Karanis, Gabriele; Qigang, Cai; Karanis, Panagiotis
Source:
Parasitology research 2018 v.117 no.1 pp. 233-239
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Cryptosporidium; cattle; feces; human population; oocysts; sheep; China;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species infections in young cattle and sheep in the north-eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA), north-western China. A total number of 454 faecal samples (389 from cattle and 65 from sheep) were collected and investigated to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Cryptosporidium spp ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-017-5697-2

17. Detection of PCV3 in German wild boars

Author:
Prinz, Carolin; Stillfried, Milena; Neubert, Lena Katharina; Denner, Joachim
Source:
Virology journal 2019 v.16 no.1 pp. 25
ISSN:
1743-422X
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Porcine circovirus; coat proteins; etiology; genotype; polymerase chain reaction; screening; swine; swine diseases; viruses; wild boars; xenotransplantation;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Porcine circovirus 3 is a newly described circovirus circulating worldwide. PCV3 may play an etiologic role in different pig diseases. Two different genotypes of PCV3 were described, PCV3a and PCV3b. In order to analyse whether PCV3 is also present in wild boars, animals living in and near Berlin were studied. The animals had been analysed previously and were found to form two genetica ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12985-019-1133-9

18. Evolution, phylogenetic distribution and functional ecology of division of labour in trematodes

Author:
Poulin, Robert; Kamiya, Tsukushi; Lagrue, Clément
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 5
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Heterophyidae; Philophthalmidae; cercariae; clones; ecology; intermediate hosts; models; phenotypic plasticity; phylogeny; reproductives; risk; snails; social behavior;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Division of labour has evolved in many social animals where colonies consist of clones or close kin. It involves the performance of different tasks by morphologically distinct castes, leading to increased colony fitness. Recently, a form of division of labour has been discovered in trematodes: clonal rediae inside the snail intermediate host belong either to a large-bodied reproductive caste, or t ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-018-3241-6

19. The interaction of human papillomaviruses and adeno-associated viruses in suppressive co-infections

Author:
Hemmat, Nima; Baghi, Hossein Bannazadeh
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2019 v.73 pp. 66-70
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; Dependoparvovirus; Papillomaviridae; bacteria; carcinogenesis; carcinogenicity; epithelium; humans; oncogenic viruses; parasites; pathogens; therapeutics; uterine cervical neoplasms;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common oncogenic viruses which cause malignancy in different epithelial surfaces of the human body and its infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. However, research suggests that this virus might not be the sole cause of infection in target cells. It is believed that, other infectious agents could co-infect the same cell with HPV including; bac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2019.04.018

20. Canine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 in classical papillomas: High abundance, different morphological associations and frequent co-infections

Author:
Lange, C.E.; Jennings, S.H.; Diallo, A.; Lyons, J.
Source:
The veterinary journal 2019 v.250 pp. 1-5
ISSN:
1090-0233
Subject:
mixed infection,   etc   ; DNA; Papillomaviridae; conjunctiva; dogs; endophytes; eyelids; immunohistochemistry; papilloma; polymerase chain reaction; skin lesions; viral antigens; viruses;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Canine papillomatosis is mainly attributed to papillomavirus infections. Papillomavirus DNA is also frequently identified in healthy skin, and evidence of high papillomavirus diversity complicates this simplistic view of causality. The aim of this study was to determine how frequently canine papillomas contain papillomavirus DNA and express viral protein, and how these factors correlate to the his ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.05.016