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1. Defining the morphological quality of fossil footprints. Problems and principles of preservation in tetrapod ichnology with examples from the Palaeozoic to the present

Author:
Marchetti, Lorenzo; Belvedere, Matteo; Voigt, Sebastian; Klein, Hendrik; Castanera, Diego; Díaz-Martínez, Ignacio; Marty, Daniel; Xing, Lida; Feola, Silverio; Melchor, Ricardo N.; Farlow, James O.
Source:
Earth-science reviews 2019 v.193 pp. 109-145
ISSN:
0012-8252
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; diagenesis; fossils; vertebrates;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The morphology of fossil footprints is the basis of vertebrate footprint ichnology. However, the processes acting during and after trace fossil registration which are responsible for the final morphology have never been precisely defined, resulting in a dearth of nomenclature. Therefore, we discuss the concepts of ichnotaphonomy, ichnostratinomy, taphonomy, biostratinomy, registration and diagenes ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.008

2. A study of phytoliths produced by selected native plant taxa commonly used by Great Basin Native Americans

Author:
Pearce, Madison; Ball, Terry B.
Source:
Vegetation history and archaeobotany 2020 v.29 no.2 pp. 213-228
ISSN:
0939-6314
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; American Indians; archaeology; basins; indigenous species; phytoliths;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Reference collections of phytoliths from plant taxa commonly used by the ancient inhabitants of an archaeological site are critical to researchers conducting analyses on these microbotanical remains. Phytoliths recovered from the site are compared to those in reference collections to make inferences about which taxa were being used, as well as where, why and how. This study presents one of the fir ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00334-019-00738-1

3. Silicified bulliform cells of Poaceae: morphological characteristics that distinguish subfamilies

Author:
Chen, Iju; Li, Kuang-ti; Tsang, Cheng-hwa
Source:
Botanical studies 2020 v.61 no.1 pp. 5
ISSN:
1999-3110
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; C4 plants; Poaceae; domestication; grasses; habitats; morphometry; phytoliths; rice; sediments; trichomes; Taiwan;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Grass phytoliths are the most common phytoliths in sediments; recognizing grass phytolith types is important when using phytoliths as a tool to reconstruct paleoenvironments. Grass bulliform cells may be silicified to large size parallelepipedal or cuneiform shaped phytoliths, which were often regarded as of no taxonomic value. However, studies in eastern Asia had identified several fo ...
DOI:
10.1186/s40529-020-0282-x
PubMed:
32124105
PubMed Central:
PMC7052108

4. Dynamic shape optimization of a vertical-axis wind turbine via blade morphing technique

Author:
Baghdadi, M.; Elkoush, S.; Akle, B.; Elkhoury, M.
Source:
Renewable energy 2020 v.154 pp. 239-251
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; algorithms; blades; deformation; fluid mechanics; industry; renewable energy sources; system optimization; wind; wind turbines;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objective of this study is to introduce a new design of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) that dynamically morphs its blades as a function of azimuthal angle and Tip Speed Ratio (TSR). Wing morphing constitutes the next generation shape-changing wing in aerospace industries. An optimization technique based on a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), a Free-Form Deformation (FFD) algorithm in co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.015

5. Environment influences the geographic phenotypic variation in Velazquez’s Woodpecker (Centurus santacruzi)

Author:
Benites, Pilar; Eaton, Muir D.; García-Trejo, Erick A.; Navarro-Sigüenza, Adolfo G.
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2020 v.161 no.3 pp. 621-634
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; color; environmental factors; geographical variation; habitats; phenotype; phenotypic variation; plumage; woodpeckers;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Geographic patterns of phenotypic variation are common in birds and its study is important for the understanding of the underlying evolutionary processes taking place in a population over time and space. Here, we analyzed geographic phenotypic variation in a highly variable species, the Velazquez´s Woodpecker (Centurus santacruzi). Across the range of C. santacruzi, distinct plumage morphs (both c ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-020-01748-x

6. Paleoecology and proliferation of the bivalve Chondrodonta joannae (Choffat) in the upper Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) Adriatic Carbonate Platform of Istria (Croatia)

Author:
Posenato, Renato; Frijia, Gianluca; Morsilli, Michele; Moro, Alan; Del Viscio, Gabriella; Mezga, Aleksandar
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2020 v.548 pp. 109703
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Bivalvia; Cenomanian age; calcite; carbonates; climatic factors; paleoecology; sediment-water interface; sediments; Croatia;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chondrodonta joannae (Choffat) is a morphologically variable oyster-like bivalve with a predominately calcitic shell. An exceptional exposure of C. joannae-bearing strata of late Cenomanian age crops out along the seaside in northern Istria (Croatia) and permits a taphonomical and functional analysis in order to define the life habit and growth strategies of this bivalve. The C. joannae population ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109703

7. Delimiting a constellation: integrative taxonomy of a star-shaped Hydrocotyle species complex (Araliaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest

Author:
Nery, Eduardo K.; Matchin-Viera, Maria E.; Camacho, Olga; Caddah, Mayara K.; Fiaschi, Pedro
Source:
Plant systematics and evolution 2020 v.306 no.3 pp. 57
ISSN:
0378-2697
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Hydrocotyle; forests; genetic structure; leaves; morphometry; mountains; population genetics; taxonomy;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Species delimitation must overcome the inconsistency among the different delimitation criteria to maintain species as reliable units for biological research and conservation. The general lineage species (GLS) concept embraces different methods of species delimitation and thus provides an integrative framework for taxonomy. The Hydrocotyle stella complex contains six morphotypes that occur along mo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00606-020-01682-8

8. Morphological changes associated with brachypterous Triatoma guasayana (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their relationship with flight

Author:
Hernández, María Laura; Espinoza, Jorge; Gomez, Marinely; Gorla, David
Source:
International journal of tropical insect science 2020 v.40 no.2 pp. 413-421
ISSN:
1742-7592
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Triatoma; eyes; flight; head; imagos; insects; morphometry; phenotype; thorax; vector control; wings;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flight is the main form of dispersion for adult triatomines. It is postulated here that some body morphological parameters vary in T. guasayana according to a greater or lesser wing development, which would allow to estimate their flight capacity. Furthermore, there are observations which allow to suggest that the wings alone would not present the entirety of the information on the flight ability ...
DOI:
10.1007/s42690-019-00092-9

9. Morphological and anatomical plasticity of a rare amphibious species of Eriocaulaceae (Poales, Monocotyledons)

Author:
Silva, Arthur de Lima; Trovó, Marcelo; Coan, Alessandra Ike
Source:
Aquatic botany 2020 v.164 pp. 103214
ISSN:
0304-3770
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Paepalanthus; dry environmental conditions; leaves; phenotypic plasticity; taxonomy; vascular bundles;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Phenotypic plasticity is common in aquatic monocots, but is sometimes mistaken with heteroblasty. In Eriocaulaceae, aquatic and amphibious species may present interesting adaptive morphological features. However, Paepalanthus saxicola var. pilosus is unusual by having two leaf morphotypes and scapes that can be partially submerged or completely exposed. This taxon also presents an uncertain identi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquabot.2020.103214

10. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new PST-producing dinoflagellate species: Alexandrium fragae sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales, dinophyceae)

Author:
Branco, Suema; Oliveira, Mair M.M.; Salgueiro, Fabiano; Vilar, Mauro C.P.; Azevedo, Sandra M.F.O.; Menezes, Mariângela
Source:
Harmful algae 2020 v.95 pp. 101793
ISSN:
1568-9883
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Alexandrium minutum; cell structures; new species; phylogeny; poisonous algae; ribosomal DNA; toxicity; Brazil; Japan;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The genus Alexandrium comprises some of the most potentially toxic marine algae. A new toxic species of Alexandrium, A. fragae sp. nov., was found in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, southern Brazil. The new species produces GTX2&3 and STX. The cell morphology of A. fragae resembles A. minutum in many characters, including the small size; the rounded-elliptical shape; and the shapes of the apical po ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.hal.2020.101793

11. Cell morphology as a virulence determinant: lessons from Helicobacter pylori

Author:
Salama, Nina R
Source:
Current opinion in microbiology 2020 v.54 pp. 11-17
ISSN:
1369-5274
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Helicobacter pylori; cell walls; cytoskeleton; enzymes; humans; mucosa; mutants; pathogens; peptidoglycans; regulatory proteins; stomach; virulence;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... A genetic screen for colonization factors of the human stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori took a surprising turn with the discovery that some colonization mutants had lost helical cell morphology. Further pursuit of direct morphology screens revealed a large H. pylori ‘shapesome’ complex consisting of peptidoglycan modification and precursor synthesis enzymes, a cytoskeletal element and putative ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mib.2019.12.002

12. Morphometric analysis of the Habenaria parviflora complex (Orchidaceae)

Author:
Cruz-Lustre, Gabriela; Batista, João A. N.; Radins, José A.; González, Andrés; Borba, Eduardo L.
Source:
Plant systematics and evolution 2020 v.306 no.2 pp. 37
ISSN:
0378-2697
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Habenaria; calyx; flower size; geographical distribution; leaf width; morphometry; plant ovary; taxonomy; Argentina; Brazil; Uruguay;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... We analyzed patterns of morphological differentiation of the Habenaria parviflora complex (Orchidaceae), through morphometric analyses of populations and morphotypes, aiming at evaluating current taxonomic proposals and at identifying discriminative characters for the delimitation of taxa. We performed multivariate and univariate morphometric analyses using 18 morphological characters of 675 indiv ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00606-020-01634-2

13. Patterns of pollen flow in monomorphic enantiostylous species: the importance of floral morphology and pollinators’ size

Author:
Morais, Joicy M.; Consolaro, Hélder N.; Bergamini, Leonardo L.; Ferrero, Victoria
Source:
Plant systematics and evolution 2020 v.306 no.2 pp. 22
ISSN:
0378-2697
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Vochysiaceae; dyes; flower morphology; flowers; fluorescence; geitonogamy; inbreeding depression; insects; morphometry; pollen; pollen flow; pollinators;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Enantiostyly is a floral polymorphism consisting in the presence of two floral morphs that differ in the deflection of the style to the right or left in the populations. Monomorphic enantiostyly consists in plants showing both morphs within an individual and is thought to promote pollen transference between morphs, reduce levels of self-pollination and geitonogamy and avoid damage to floral parts ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00606-020-01627-1

14. Revised taxonomic interpretations of Cyperaceae phytoliths for (paleo)botanical studies with some notes on terminology

Author:
Murungi, May L.; Bamford, Marion K.
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2020 v.275 pp. 104189
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Cyperus; Eleocharis; Fuirena; Scirpoides; paleobotany; phytoliths; silica; taxonomic revisions; terminology;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper comprises two complementary parts. Firstly, phytolith morphology results from 17 species in 8 genera (Cyperus, Eleocharis, Fuirena, “Mariscus,” “Pycreus,” “Schoenoxiphium,” Scirpoides and Scleria) that were drawn from phytolith analysis of 36 sedge species from 13 genera are presented for their importance in the taxonomically problematic Cyperaceae. Secondly, we provide a synthesis aime ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104189

15. Wing morphometrics for the identification of Nearctic and Palaearctic Piophilidae (Diptera) of forensic relevance

Author:
López-García, Jaime; Angell, Christopher; Martín-Vega, Daniel
Source:
Forensic science international 2020 v.309 pp. 110192
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; DNA; Nearctic region; Palearctic region; Piophilidae; control methods; forensic sciences; morphometry; provenance; species identification;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Piophilidae (Diptera) are a family comprising about 80 species, several of them of high economic and forensic relevance. An unequivocal species identification is crucial for designing effective control measures or to provide reliable estimations of the minimum post mortem interval. However, the identification may sometimes not be possible, either because the diagnostic morphological characters ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110192

16. Male morphotypes of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium brasiliense (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae)

Author:
Nogueira, Caio Santos; Pantaleão, João Alberto Farinelli; Almeida, Ariádine Cristine; Costa, Rogerio Caetano
Source:
Invertebrate biology 2020 v.139 no.1 pp. e12279
ISSN:
1077-8306
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Macrobrachium; adults; carpus; ischium; males; morphometry; population structure; principal component analysis; reproduction; social dominance; Brazil;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Some decapod species have intraspecific morphological variations that result in distinct adult morphotypes that influence the population structure, social dominance, and reproduction of the population. Here we investigated whether this differentiation into morphotypes occurs in adult males of Macrobrachium brasiliense, through the analysis of relative growth and morphology. Specimens were collecte ...
DOI:
10.1111/ivb.12279

17. Ciona robusta hemocyte populational dynamics and PO-dependent cytotoxic activity

Author:
Parrinello, Daniela; Parisi, Mariagiovanna; Parrinello, Nicolò; Cammarata, Matteo
Source:
Developmental and comparative immunology 2020 v.103 pp. 103519
ISSN:
0145-305X
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Ciona; cytotoxicity; enzyme activity; erythrocytes; fluorescence; granulocytes; hemocytes; mammals; monophenol monooxygenase; neoplasm cells; pharynx; staining;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hemocyte populations from the ascidian Ciona robusta, separated through a Percoll discontinuous density gradient, are further characterized by May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining and a cytochemical reaction for phenoloxidase. Variability in cell density, acidophilic property and phenoloxidase activity suggest multiple hemocyte type populations, cell lineages and morphotypes that may be involved in distin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.dci.2019.103519

18. New species of Cyclopsiella (Acritarcha) from the Jurassic of northern Nordland, Norway

Author:
Smelror, Morten
Source:
Review of palaeobotany and palynology 2020 v.273 pp. 104149
ISSN:
0034-6667
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Jurassic period; new species; taxon descriptions; North Sea; Norway; Norwegian Sea;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... New species of the genus Cyclopsiella Drugg & Loeblich 1967 are recovered in Middle and Upper Jurassic strata on the island Andøya and offshore Nordland, Northern Norway. One species is formally described as new: Cyclopsiella nordlandensis sp. nov. Observations from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of the Norwegian Sea and North Sea suggest that acmes of Cyclopsiella morphotypes indicate shallow mari ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.104149

19. Variation in Lek Attendance and Copulation Success of Independent and Satellite Male Ruffs Calidris pugnax

Author:
Vervoort, Raf; Kempenaers, Bart
Source:
Ardea 2020 v.107 no.3 pp. 303-320
ISSN:
0373-2266
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; Calidris; breeding season; copulation; females; lekking; males; plumage; reproductive success; sexual dimorphism; Norway;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... In lekking male Ruffs, three genetically distinct morphs compete for copulations with the visiting females. Faeder males are female mimics, whereas Independents and Satellites show marked sexual dimorphism, including an elaborate ornamental plumage. Independent males holding a territory on a lek (Residents) have higher mating success than Independents that do not (Marginals), whereas heterogeneity ...
DOI:
10.5253/arde.v107i3.a9

20. Pollen morphology of the Amacayacu Forest dynamics plot, Western Amazon, Colombia

Author:
Fontes, Daiana; Jaramillo, Carlos; Moreno, J. Enrique
Source:
Palynology 2020 v.44 no.1 pp. 32-79
ISSN:
1558-9188
Subject:
morphs,   etc   ; flora; forest dynamics; forests; monosulcate pollen; palynology; pollen morphology; sexine; trees; tricolporate pollen; Amazonia; Colombia;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Amacayacu Forest Dynamics Plot (AFDP) is a 25-ha (500 m × 500 m) site located at Amacayacu National Natural Park (ANNP), Colombian Amazonia. The flora of AFDP is represented by terra firme Forest, the phytophysiognomic unit of the Amazon region with the greatest richness of plant species. However, high-resolution pollen images and morphological descriptions from the Amazon North-west are still rar ...
DOI:
10.1080/01916122.2018.1538024