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neuroglia, etc ; central nervous system; inflammation; research; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Glial scars are a common pathological occurrence in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries. They are caused after severe damage and consist of reactive glia that form a barrier around the damaged tissue that leads to a non-permissive microenvironment which prevents proper endogenous regeneration. While there are a number of therapies that are able to address some component ...
neuroglia, etc ; neurodegenerative diseases; neurons; oxidative stress; phosphorylation; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recent studies suggest that improper resolution of acute neuroinflammation may lead to long-lasting low-grade chronic neuroinflammation and drive progressive neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation remains unclear. The main purpose of this study was to search for potential pathways mediating LPS-elicited chronic neuroinf ...
neuroglia, etc ; Oroxylum indicum; bark; cell lines; glycosides; research; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two new phenolic glycosides, oroxylumosides A (1) and B (2), along with four known compounds darendoside A (3), leucosceptoside A (4), acteoside (5) and decaffeoylacteoside (6) were isolated from the stem bark of Oroxylum indicum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of the 1 D and 2 D NMR as well as HR-ESI-QTOF-MS. In addition, compounds 1 − 4 exhibited inhibitory effects on NO ...
neuroglia, etc ; fibroins; hydrolysates; memory; memory disorders; neurons; rats; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Previously we have reported a specific hydrolysate form of silk fibroin named SFH and in vitro beneficial effects of SFH on neuron, however, evidence in vivo for the specific neuroprotective function of SFH on AD is urgently needed and our understanding for mechanism underlying SFH function is far from completion. In this study, we report here the amelioration of neurodegenerative changes in Aβ₂₅₋ ...
neuroglia, etc ; apoptosis; gadolinium; ganglia; inflammation; models; nerve tissue; research; retina; transcriptomics; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The pathological basis of optic nerve crush (ONC) is the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which leads to an irreversible impairment of visual function. When stimulated by external stimuli, microglia polarize into different types and play different roles in repairing retinal injury. In this study, gadolinium chloride (GdCl₃) could inhibit the excessive proliferation and activation of mic ...
neuroglia, etc ; apoptosis; diabetic retinopathy; gene expression; inflammation; interleukin-6; research; therapeutics; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the vascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Pericyte loss is an early characteristic phenomenon in DR. However, the mechanism by which pericyte apoptosis occurs in DR is not fully understood. We have focused on the increased STAT3 activation in diabetic retinas because STAT3 activation is associated with inflammation, and persistent chronic inf ...
neuroglia, etc ; Alzheimer disease; antigen presentation; central nervous system; exosomes; phagocytosis; secretion; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Considerable evidence links the microglial transmembrane receptor TREM2 to the progression of Alzheimer's disease through its involvement in Aβ phagocytosis by microglia. While previous studies have mainly focused on the phagocytic regulation of microglia itself, the antigen presentation of microglial exosomes in the process of immunity has been less investigated. Here, we identified TREM2 express ...
neuroglia, etc ; Alzheimer disease; biocompatible materials; blood-brain barrier; brain; metformin; phagocytosis; therapeutics; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Here, inspired by the concept of supramolecular inclusion complex, we successfully fabricate metformin (Met)-based supramolecular nanodrugs with the Aβ-responsive on-demand drug release for synergistic Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy via enhancing microglial Aβ clearance. Interestingly, the introduction of low-dosage Met (1.1 mg/kg) can not only significantly improve the structural stability of n ...
neuroglia, etc ; Alzheimer disease; Dependoparvovirus; behavior; cognition; disease models; exercise; memory disorders; phenotype; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Alzheimer's disease-related cognition impairment is correlated with increased neuroinflammation. Studies show that physical exercises improve cognitive function and regulate neuroinflammation. However, no sufficient studies have been performed to directly observe the mechanism of exercise-related effects on microglia and neuroinflammation, in association with memory function under Alzheimer's dise ...
neuroglia, etc ; Western blotting; analgesic effect; analgesics; asymmetry; betamethasone; immunohistochemistry; osteoarthritis; pain; spinal cord; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Neuropathic pain in osteoarthritis is one of the reasons why the pain is difficult to treat, and P2X4R plays an important role in neuropathic pain. In addition, BoNT/A has been proven to have analgesic effects on both neuropathic pain and osteoarthritis, but its exact mechanism is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the analgesic effect of BoNT/A on osteoarthriti ...
neuroglia, etc ; Protozoa; Toxoplasma gondii; animals; brain; homeostasis; immunopathology; inflammation; neurodegenerative diseases; neuropathology; parasitology; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are poised to respond to neuropathology. Microglia play multiple roles in maintaining homeostasis and promoting inflammation in numerous disease states. The study of microglial innate immune programs has largely focused on exploring neurodegenerative disease states with the use of genetic targeting approaches. Our understand ...
neuroglia, etc ; antagonists; apoptosis; cognitive disorders; culture media; memory; neurons; neurotoxicity; phosphorylation; toxicology; viability; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Excessive fluoride exposure can induce neuron apoptosis that is associated with neurodegenerative changes, but the mechanisms remain elusive. It has been suggested that chronic fluoride-induced microglia activation contributes to neuronal damage by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine released by activated microglia, is capable of inducing JNK phosphorylation an ...
neuroglia, etc ; Parkinson disease; histopathology; interleukin-10; interleukin-6; males; neurons; paraquat; pathogenesis; phenotype; toxicology; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Activated microglia play an active role in the pathogenesis of PD and paraquat (PQ) induces PD. The study was to understand the time relationship between microglial activation and dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra (SN) of PQ-induced PD mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with PQ, twice a week for six weeks. Some mice underwent behavioral assessments each week and ...
neuroglia, etc ; Japanese encephalitis virus; death; encephalitis; humans; mosquito-borne diseases; neurons; ubiquitin; virology; viruses; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), a member virus of Flaviviridae family causes Japanese encephalitis (JE). JE is a mosquito-borne disease, spread mainly by Culexspp. During JE, dysregulated inflammatory responses play a central role in neuronal death and damage leading to Neuroinflammation. In this study, we show that JEV infection in human microglial cells (CHME3) reduces the cellular miR-590-3p ...
neuroglia, etc ; Penicillium oxalicum; cytotoxicity; fermentation; fungi; interleukin-12; interleukin-6; phenolic compounds; research; secondary metabolites; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Penicillium is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Among all Penicillium species, Penicillium oxalicum has been reported to produce various types of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, phenolics, and tetrahydroxanthone dimeric compounds, exhibiting many pharmacological effects, such as antiviral, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. Three secondary metabolites were isolated from a fe ...
neuroglia, etc ; axons; blood-brain barrier; central nervous system; drugs; inflammation; nerve regeneration; nerve tissue; polyurethanes; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Regulating the immune microenvironment around the central neurons is a difficult problem. To address this critical matter, drug-loading scaffolds are promising ways of releasing drugs directly to the surrounding cells and ignoring the influence of blood–brain barrier and blood–medullary barrier. Microglia are fundamental innate immune sentinels in the central nervous system, usually activated duri ...
neuroglia, etc ; absorption; anti-inflammatory activity; blood-brain barrier; lipophilicity; metabolites; molecular weight; phytochemicals; public health; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the most challenging public health issues. Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of NDs, little progress has been made in establishing effective treatments. Natural products may have enormous potential in preventing and treating NDs by targeting microglia; yet, there have been several clinical concerns about their usage, primarily due to a lac ...
neuroglia, etc ; coculture; complement; death; epithelium; ex vivo studies; glutamic acid; humans; laboratories; models; photoreceptors; retina; swine; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Neural retinal organ cultures are used to investigate ocular pathomechanisms. However, these cultures lack the essential retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which are part of the actual in vivo retina. To simulate a more realistic ex vivo model, porcine neural retina explants were cocultured with ARPE-19 cells (ARPE-19 group), which are derived from human RPE. To identify whether the entire ce ...
neuroglia, etc ; adulthood; adults; central nervous system; chemokine receptors; chemokines; complement; inflammation; integrins; perinatal period; phenotype; research; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Understanding microglia development could improve our understanding of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological diseases. To explore the immune phenotypic changes that occur in microglia during development, we studied the morphology, inflammatory response, and expression of several important immune-related proteins in normal microglia from the embryonic, neonatal (postnatal day 3), and ad ...
... Four minor undescribed terpenoids, including a monoterpenoid (1) and three triterpenoids (3, 6 and 7), together with 26 known terpenoids were isolated from the stems and twigs of Rhododendron Ovatum. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) techniques. Compound 10 showed excellent cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cell (HCT- ...