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1. Real-time particulate emissions rates from active and passive heavy-duty diesel particulate filter regeneration

Author:
Smith, Jeremy D.; Ruehl, Chris; Burnitzki, Mark; Sobieralski, Wayne; Ianni, Robert; Quiros, David; Hu, Shaohua; Chernich, Don; Collins, John; Huai, Tao; Dwyer, Harry
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.680 pp. 132-139
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; carbon; emissions factor; filters; fuels; particulates;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Periodic regeneration is required to clean the diesel particulate filter (DPF) of heavy-duty diesel vehicle. In this study we analyze real-time particulate matter (PM) mass, particle number, and black carbon emissions during steady state driving active and passive diesel particulate filter (DPF) regenerations on a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer. Regeneration PM emissions were dominated by particle ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.447

2. Particle Emissions from Laser Printers: Have They Decreased?

Author:
Morawska, Lidia; Xiu, Meng; He, Congrong; Buonanno, Giorgio; McGarry, Peter; Maumy, Bastien; Stabile, Luca; Thai, Phong K
Source:
Environmental science & technology letters 2019 v.6 no.5 pp. 300-305
ISSN:
2328-8930
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; lasers; models; printers; volatile organic compounds; Australia; Italy;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Our work a decade ago demonstrated that approximately 30% of the laser printers tested were high emitters of ultrafine particles (<0.1 μm). To assess how emission levels of the current generation of printers compared to the earlier models, we investigated 297 printers comprising 138 models from 12 different manufacturers, with the measurements conducted in Brisbane, Australia, and Cassino, Italy. ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00176

3. Review of the state-of-the-art of particulate matter emissions from modern gasoline fueled engines

Author:
Qian, Yong; Li, Zilong; Yu, Liang; Wang, Xiaole; Lu, Xingcai
Source:
Applied energy 2019 v.238 pp. 1269-1298
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; air; alcohols; carcinogenicity; combustion; gas engines; gasoline; particulates;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Gasoline direct injection engines are widely used because of their high thermal efficiency, despite their significant high particulate emissions. Due to the potential carcinogenicity of engine particulate emissions, the new gasoline direct injection passenger vehicle emissions standards have begun to limit the particle number and/or the mass of the particulate matter emissions. To combat high part ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.179

4. Measurement of ultrafine particles at airports: A review

Author:
Stacey, Brian
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2019 v.198 pp. 463-477
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; aircraft; airports; atmospheric chemistry; heat; pollution; turbines; Europe;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Concern about the health impact of exposure to ultrafine particles has prompted a large number of research studies in the last twenty years. Attention focussed on conventional sources of pollution: vehicle emissions, generation of heat and power, as these are likely to be the most relevant sources of emission to which the general public are exposed. As a result, emissions from road vehicles are we ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.041

5. In-vehicle airborne fine and ultra-fine particulate matter exposure: The impact of leading vehicle emissions

Author:
Campagnolo, Davide; Cattaneo, Andrea; Corbella, Leonardo; Borghi, Francesca; Del Buono, Luca; Rovelli, Sabrina; Spinazzé, Andrea; Cavallo, Domenico M.
Source:
Environment international 2019 v.123 pp. 407-416
ISSN:
0160-4120
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; air conditioning; fuels; monitoring; particulates; risk management;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations inside vehicle cabins are often extremely high compared to background levels. The present study was motivated by the fact that in the last few decades, the implementation of new emission standards has led to the reduction of vehicle particle emissions. This study addresses for the first time the relationship between leading vehicle (LV) emissions and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.020

6. A comparison of a mini-PEMS and a 1065 compliant PEMS for on-road gaseous and particulate emissions from a light duty diesel truck

Author:
Yang, Jiacheng; Durbin, Thomas D.; Jiang, Yu; Tange, Takeshi; Karavalakis, Georgios; Cocker, David R.; Johnson, Kent C.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2018 v.640-641 pp. 364-376
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; nitrogen oxides; screening;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The primary goal of this study was to compare emissions measurements between a 1065 compliant PEMS, and the NTK Compact Emissions Meter (NCEM) capable of measuring NOx, PM, and solid PN. Both units were equipped on a light-duty diesel truck and tested over local, highway, and downtown driving routes. The results indicate that the NOx measurements for the NCEM were within approximately ±10% of thos ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.383

7. Effect of drying conditions on moisture re-adsorption and particulate matter emissions during the classification drying of coking coal

Author:
Wang, Yu; Wang, Yin-yin; Zhang, Shu-ting
Source:
Fuel processing technology 2019 v.192 pp. 65-74
ISSN:
0378-3820
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; adsorption; coal; dryers; drying; drying temperature; mixing; nitrogen; water content;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... A simple classification drying method, in which moisture re-adsorption performance is crucial, is proposed to solve the problem of particulate matter emissions during coking coal drying. Coal particles were classified as fine and coarse particles. To maintain the high moisture level of fine particles, lab-scale experiments were used to investigate the influences of the initial moisture of coarse p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.04.019

8. Size-resolved particle emission factors of vehicular traffic derived from urban eddy covariance measurements

Author:
Conte, Marianna; Contini, Daniele
Source:
Environmental pollution 2019 v.251 pp. 830-838
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; eddy covariance; emissions factor; models; particle size; particulates; pollution; traffic; urban areas; Italy;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Road traffic is one of the major sources of atmospheric particles in urban areas. Modelling the contribution of this source to urban pollution requires reliable estimates of emission factors possibly resolved in size. In this work, size-resolved particle emission factors (EFs) of the mixed vehicle fleet were measured in the urban area of Lecce (south-eastern Italy). The approach used is based on v ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.029

9. Investigation of reducing particulate matter (PM) and heavy metals pollutions by adding a novel additive from metallurgical dust (MD) during coal combustion

Author:
Gao, Zhi-Fang; Long, Hong-Ming; Dai, Bing; Gao, Xiang-Peng
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2019 v.373 pp. 335-346
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; cadmium; chromium; coal; combustion; copper; dust; heavy metals; lead; particulates; potassium; sodium; titanium; zinc;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, a novel additive from metallurgical dust(MD)was applied to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions and heavy metals pollutions during coal combustion. PM samples were collected and divided into 13 stages from 0.03 μm to 10 μm. Results showed that the irregular morphology of fine particles with equal to/less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), fine particles with equal to/less than 4 μm (PM4) and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.057

10. Particle emissions of Euro VI, EEV and retrofitted EEV city buses in real traffic

Author:
Järvinen, Anssi; Timonen, Hilkka; Karjalainen, Panu; Bloss, Matthew; Simonen, Pauli; Saarikoski, Sanna; Kuuluvainen, Heino; Kalliokoski, Joni; Dal Maso, Miikka; Niemi, Jarkko V.; Keskinen, Jorma; Rönkkö, Topi
Source:
Environmental pollution 2019 v.250 pp. 708-716
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; aerosols; air quality; carbon; emissions factor; nanoparticles; pollutants; soot; traffic; Finland;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Exhaust emissions from traffic significantly affect urban air quality. In this study, in-traffic emissions of diesel-fueled city buses meeting enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle (EEV) and Euro VI emission limits and the effects of retrofitting of EEV buses were studied on-road by chasing the buses with a mobile laboratory in the Helsinki region, Finland. The average emission factors of part ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.033

11. Improving the removal of fine particles by chemical agglomeration during the limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization process

Author:
Zhou, Lei; Liu, Yong; Luo, Lvyuan; Yuan, Zhulin; Yang, Linjun; Wu, Hao
Source:
Journal of environmental sciences (China) 2019 v.80 pp. 35-44
ISSN:
1001-0742
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; coal; flue gas; flue gas desulfurization; particle size distribution; power plants; slurries; temperature; China;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Coal-fired power plants are considered a major source of fine particle emissions in China. Aimed to improve the removal efficiency of fine particles during the limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) process, a novel technology using chemical agglomeration to abate the emission of fine particles is presented herein. The relationship between fine particle emission and the proportion of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jes.2018.07.013

12. Regulating particle number measurements from the tailpipe of light-duty vehicles: The next step?

Author:
Giechaskiel, Barouch; Lähde, Tero; Drossinos, Yannis
Source:
Environmental research 2019 v.172 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
0013-9351
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; European Union; air; cold; gasoline; mixing; natural gas; uncertainty;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Light-duty vehicle emission regulation in the European Union requires the dilution of the whole exhaust in a dilution tunnel with constant volume sampling prior to emission measurements. This methodology avoids measurement uncertainties associated with direct raw exhaust emission measurements from the tailpipe, such as exhaust flow determination, exhaust flow pressure pulsations, differences in th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.006

13. Experimental investigation into effects of high reactive fuel on combustion and emission characteristics of the Diesel - Natural gas Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engine

Author:
Ansari, Ehsan; Menucci, Tyler; Shahbakhti, Mahdi; Naber, Jeffrey
Source:
Applied energy 2019 v.239 pp. 948-956
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; carbon monoxide; combustion; diesel fuel; heat; methane; natural gas; nitrogen oxides; sulfur;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engines hold promise for decreasing NOx and particulate emissions. RCCI engines use direct injection (DI) to introduce a high reactivity fuel into the cylinder while a lower reactivity fuel is port fuel injected (PFI). A large reactivity difference between high reactive (diesel) and low reactive (natural gas) fuels provides a strong control variabl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.256

14. 3D pore analysis of gasoline particulate filters using X-ray tomography: impact of coating and ash loading

Author:
Seong, Heeje; Choi, Seungmok; Matusik, Katarzyna E.; Kastengren, Alan L.; Powell, Christopher F.
Source:
Journal of materials science 2019 v.54 no.8 pp. 6053-6065
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; catalysts; coatings; computed tomography; cordierite; filters; filtration; gasoline; porosity; porous media;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Since particulate emissions control technologies are dependent on filtration technologies, development of porous materials with optimized pore structures is crucial to improve filtration efficiency and pressure drop across filters. Despite increasing attention to 3D measurements of porous materials, there are few reports of pore structure investigations of diesel/gasoline particulate filters (D/GP ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-018-03310-w

15. Effect of torrefaction on rice straw physicochemical characteristics and particulate matter emission behavior during combustion

Author:
Kai, Xingping; Meng, Yuxia; Yang, Tianhua; Li, Bingshuo; Xing, Wanli
Source:
Bioresource technology 2019 v.278 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; combustion; microstructure; particulates; potassium chloride; rice straw; temperature; torrefaction; vapors;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this work, the effects of different torrefaction temperatures and durations on the physicochemical properties of rice straw (RS), and the emission characteristic of PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤10 µm) during torrefied RS combustion, were investigated. Results indicate that the release of Cl and K, and decomposition of the organic matrix demonstrated a promoting effect ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.032

16. Assessing the influence of boundary conditions, driving behavior and data analysis methods on real driving CO2 and NOx emissions

Author:
Varella, Roberto A.; Faria, Marta V.; Mendoza-Villafuerte, Pablo; Baptista, Patrícia C.; Sousa, Luis; Duarte, Gonçalo O.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.658 pp. 879-894
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; European Union; altitude; ambient temperature; carbon dioxide; certification; metropolitan areas; nitrogen oxides; Portugal;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The need to verify vehicle emissions in real world operation led to the implementation of Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedures, effective since September 2017 for new Euro 6 cars following the Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/427, which defines the RDE test conditions and data analysis methods to allow representative results. Main factors addressed by the regulation include the share of dri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.053

17. Particle emissions from fused deposition modeling 3D printers: Evaluation and meta-analysis

Author:
Byrley, Peter; George, Barbara Jane; Boyes, William K.; Rogers, Kim
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.655 pp. 395-407
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; inhalation exposure; meta-analysis; printers; protocols; risk; statistical models; styrene; temperature; volatile organic compounds;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers, the most popular choice among home hobbyists, have been shown to release volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and billions of airborne particles per minute, indicating the potential for consumer inhalation exposure and consequent health risks. Publications on FDM 3D printer emissions however, contain large heterogeneity of testing methods and analytical pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.070

18. Catalyzed Gasoline Particulate Filters Reduce Secondary Organic Aerosol Production from Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles

Author:
Roth, Patrick; Yang, Jiacheng; Fofie, Emmanuel; Cocker, David R.; Durbin, Thomas D.; Brezny, Rasto; Geller, Michael; Asa-Awuku, Akua; Karavalakis, Georgios
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2019 v.53 no.6 pp. 3037-3047
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; aerosols; carbon; catalytic activity; filters; gas emissions; gasoline; hydrocarbons; photochemistry;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The effects of photochemical aging on exhaust emissions from two light-duty vehicles with gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines equipped with and without catalyzed gasoline particle filters (GPFs) were investigated using a mobile environmental chamber. Both vehicles with and without the GPFs were exercised over the LA92 drive cycle using a chassis dynamometer. Diluted exhaust emissions from the ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b06418

19. Estimating remaining driving range of battery electric vehicles based on real-world data: A case study of Beijing, China

Author:
Bi, Jun; Wang, Yongxing; Sai, Qiuyue; Ding, Cong
Source:
Energy 2019 v.169 pp. 833-843
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; anxiety; case studies; data collection; models; petroleum; regression analysis; temperature; vehicles (equipment); China;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have positive effects on the reduction of petroleum dependence and vehicle emissions. However, limited driving range of BEVs contributes to the range anxiety of drivers. Therefore, accurately estimating remaining driving range is a critical issue for BEV manufacturers to help drivers alleviating range anxiety. In this paper, by using the real-world data collected f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.061

20. Experimental study of ignition, lift-off length and emission characteristics of diesel/hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel blends

Author:
Zhong, Wenjun; Pachiannan, Tamilselvan; He, Zhixia; Xuan, Tiemin; Wang, Qian
Source:
Applied energy 2019 v.235 pp. 641-652
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
particulate emissions,   etc   ; ambient temperature; biodiesel; chemiluminescence; combustion; diesel engines; diesel fuel; image analysis; mixing; oxygen;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The fundamental research on ignition and combustion characteristics of a new blended fuel (diesel/Hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel) was investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber. The ignition delay, initial ignition position and flame lift-off length were researched via natural flame imaging and broadband chemiluminescence under various ambient temperatures and oxygen concentrations. Af ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.115