An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... In species with biparental care, diel patterns in male and female incubation arise due to the differential costs and benefits of incubation. This pattern should be less obvious or absent in species where both sexes stand to benefit significantly from investing in incubation (i.e. in monogamous species with high paternity certainty), in temperate climates and in sexually monomorphic species where s ...
paternity, etc ; data collection; heritability; pedigree; phenotype; sires; villages; Ethiopia; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... A major challenge in improving genetic merits of smallholder farmers’ flocks in developing livestock systems is the absence of pedigree and performance recording for reliable selection decisions. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of pedigree recording in a community-based Menz sheep village breeding program in Ethiopia, with the purpose of introducing genetic evaluation in the selection ...
paternity, etc ; animal behavior; copulation; females; males; monogamy; polyandry; progeny; spermatozoa; Alaska; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... In socially monogamous species, extrapair paternity typically results from extrapair copulations, but it can also be due to rapid mate switching. Oring, Fleischer, Reed, and Marsden (1992, Nature, 359 (6396), 631–633) proposed a mechanism to explain the occurrence of extrapair paternity in sequentially polyandrous species: sperm stored by females from within-pair copulations with a previous mate c ...
paternity, etc ; DNA; capillary electrophoresis; forensic sciences; gene frequency; genes; genetic markers; China; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Deletion/insertion polymorphism (DIP) is a promising genetic marker of DNA length polymorphism. However, there are relatively few studies on the exploration of DIP genetic polymorphisms and investigation of population genetic data at present, which limits its application in forensic identification. In this study, the genetic polymorphisms of 57 autosomal DIPs and forensic application evaluations o ...
paternity, etc ; Cistothorus; adults; genotyping; grasses; males; nests; progeny; sex ratio; space and time; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Demographic factors can affect the frequency of extra‐pair paternity (EPP) in birds, as the distribution and availability of potential mates in both space and time influence the rate of encounters between females and males. Over three breeding seasons, we intensively studied the breeding system of a south temperate population of grass wrens Cistothorus platensis by genotyping 73 broods (319 nestli ...
... Patterns of extra pair paternity (EPP) and intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP) were studied in a Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida population characterized by female brood desertion, a high level of extra pair courtship feedings (10%) and a low level of extra pair copulation (EPC; 0.6%). In this study, we used a set of microsatellite loci to analyse parentage in 56 Whiskered Tern families from so ...
paternity, etc ; DNA; Panthera leo leo; Y chromosome; genes; hybrids; law enforcement; mitochondria; mitochondrial genome; phylogeny; wildlife; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Species assignment of any seized material using DNA analysis has been a routine and widely accepted standard procedure in providing scientific advisory for the legal prosecution of wildlife cases. Scientific advancements and rigorous application of genetic tools have led to the development of a variety of molecular markers with their defined efficacy in wildlife forensics. However, in a few unusua ...
paternity, etc ; copulation; ecology; females; genotyping; males; polyandry; progeny; selection intensity; sexual selection; sperm competition; spermatozoa; spiders; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sperm competition drives traits that enhance fertilization success. The amount of sperm transferred relative to competitors is key for attaining paternity. Female reproductive morphology and male mating order may also influence fertilization, however the outcome for sperm precedence under intense sperm competition remains poorly understood. In the polyandrous spider Pisaura mirabilis, males offer ...
paternity, etc ; DNA; alleles; databases; forensic sciences; gender; heterozygosity; nationalities and ethnic groups; police; probability; statistical analysis; Thailand; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Allele frequencies of 15 autosomal STR loci were established from 540 unrelated Myanmarese individuals using the Thailand Office of Police Forensic Science database. The DNA profiles were provided anonymized with only nationality and gender acknowledged. The allele frequencies were calculated under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The range of allele frequencies was 0.0009 to 0.5389. Heterozygosity ran ...
paternity, etc ; Sepia; aquaculture; captive animals; egg production; fecundity; females; fisheries; genetic variation; males; progeny; reproductive performance; reproductive success; sex ratio; variance; East Asia; Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... The supplemental release of hatchery-reared animals is important for maintaining or enhancing fishery resources. The golden cuttlefish, Sepia esculenta, is a commercially important cephalopod utilized in stock enhancement activities throughout East Asia. The long-term success of such activities requires proper breeding regimes to ensure the efficient use of resources and the preservation of geneti ...
paternity, etc ; DNA; alleles; electrophoresis; genotyping; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... With the discovery of circulating cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma, noninvasive prenatal testing became possible. However, analysis of low‐level cffDNA against high background maternal DNA remains complicated and challenging. To circumvent this limitation, selective amplification of cffDNA was used in this study. Two kinds of compound markers (namely DIP‐STR and SNP‐STR), both based ...
paternity, etc ; alleles; electrophoresis; forensic sciences; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recently, next generation sequencing has shown the promising application value in forensic research. In this study, we constructed a multiplex amplification system of different molecular genetic markers based on the previous selected ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), multi‐allelic insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms, microhaplotypes, and Y‐chromosomal SNP/InDel loci ...
... Rapidly mutating Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (RM Y STRs) with mutation rates ≥ 10⁻² per locus per generation are valuable for differentiating amongst male paternal relatives where standard Y STRs with mutation rates of ≤10⁻³ per locus per generation may not. Although the 13 RM Y STRs commonly found in commercial assays provide higher levels of paternal lineage differentiation than conventio ...
paternity, etc ; Potamotrygonidae; fish; freshwater; genotyping; microsatellite repeats; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Multiple paternity (MP) is a phenomenon observed for more than 30 elasmobranch species. The Batoidea is more specious than the Selachii, but only three studies of MP have been conducted on batoids. The occurrence of MP in freshwater stingrays was tested using microsatellite markers, which were developed for Potamotrygon leopoldi. Six mothers and their litters were genotyped, providing the first ev ...
paternity, etc ; Baeolophus; adults; brood rearing; males; ornithology; progeny; spring; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... After the breeding season, territorial adult Black-crested Titmouse (Baeolophus atricristatus) and residing juveniles form social groups that may persist until the following spring. Under the prolonged brood care hypothesis, one would expect these juveniles to be retained offspring with delayed dispersal of the breeding pair. To test if Black-crested Titmouse juveniles that reside in post-breeding ...
paternity, etc ; Falco; brood parasitism; chicks; falcons; genotyping; nests; polygamy; progeny; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Based on the genotyping of 97 chicks and 74 adults from 37 families we describe extra‐pair paternity (EPP), intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP), quasi‐parasitism (QP) and polygamy in the Red‐footed Falcon Falco vespertinus. The frequency of chicks resulting from EPP was 2.06% affecting 2.70% of families (two chicks, one nest), the values for IBP were 1.03% and 2.70% for offspring and families, an ...
paternity, etc ; chromosomes; food industry; genome; livestock; microsatellite repeats; statistics; traceability; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Procedures for genetic traceability of animal products and parentage testing mainly focus on microsatellites or SNPs panels. Nevertheless, current availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies must be considered as an appealing alternative. This research focused on the evaluation of low-coverage whole-genome sequencing for traceability and paternity testing purposes, within a context of ...
Andrew Cockburn; Joshua V. Peñalba; Damian Jaccoud; Andrzej Kilian; Lyanne Brouwer; Michael C. Double; Nicolas Margraf; Helen L. Osmond; Loeske E. B. Kruuk; Martijn van de Pol
paternity, etc ; Malurus; adults; birds; heterozygosity; homozygosity; progeny; sires; social structure; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Assignment of parentage with molecular markers is most difficult when the true parents have close relatives in the adult population. Here, we present an efficient solution to that problem by extending simple exclusion approaches to parentage analysis with single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs). We augmented the previously published homozygote opposite test (hot), which counts mismatches due ...
paternity, etc ; Cyanistes caeruleus; adults; females; genetic similarity; males; phenotype; probability; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... There is growing evidence that engaging in extra‐pair copulations may be a strategy by which females can modify their initial mate choice if they are constrained by primary choice of the social mate. Several factors such as genetic similarity and adult phenotypic traits can affect extra‐pair paternity (EPP) patterns, but the relative importance of these factors may vary among species. Moreover, in ...
paternity, etc ; Cervus nippon; females; herds; males; neonates; progeny; sexual selection; zoos; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Male infanticide has been reported in wide range of mammalian taxa however it remains very rare in even-toed ungulates where it was documented in two species only. Among six hypotheses explaining this phenomenon, the sexual selection hypothesis is supported by the largest evidence in mammals. Here, we report the first case of male infanticide in sika deer (Cervus nippon) which occurred at Ostrava ...