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1. Cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infections: recent developments on host–fungus interactions

Author:
Ma, Yubo; Wang, Xiaowen; Li, Ruoyu
Source:
Current opinion in microbiology 2021 v.62 pp. 93-102
ISSN:
1369-5274
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; etiology; therapeutics;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The incidence of skin fungal infections is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, presenting a major challenge to health professionals. Cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infections are caused by pathogenic or opportunistic organisms varying from mold, yeasts, to dimorphic fungi. Recently, skin fungal have been increasingly reported and studied, giving rise to crucial breakthroughs in etiology a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mib.2021.05.005

2. Tactics of host manipulation by intracellular effectors from plant pathogenic fungi

Author:
Figueroa, Melania; Ortiz, Diana; Henningsen, Eva C.
Source:
Current opinion in plant biology 2021 v.62 pp. 102054
ISSN:
1369-5266
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; immunity; plant physiology;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fungal pathogens can secrete hundreds of effectors, some of which are known to promote host susceptibility. This biological complexity, together with the lack of genetic tools in some fungi, presents a substantial challenge to develop a broad picture of the mechanisms these pathogens use for host manipulation. Nevertheless, recent advances in understanding individual effector functions are beginni ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102054

3. Replication of Marek’s disease vaccines in turkey embryos and their effect on TLR-3 and IFN-γ transcripts

Author:
Gimeno, I. M.; Shaw, W. N.; Turner, A.; Bremen, J.; Cortes, A. L.; Faiz, N. M.; Gonder, E.; Robbins, K.
Source:
Avian pathology 2021 v.50 no.3 pp. 227-233
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; lungs; spleen; vaccination;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Understanding the pathogenesis of herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) in its natural host is necessary before recombinant HVT (rHVT) can be used efficiently in turkey flocks. The objectives of this study were to evaluate when commercial turkey flocks get infected with wild type HVT, to study replication of HVT (conventional and recombinant rHVT-Newcastle disease, rHVT-ND) and other Marek’s disease (MD) v ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2021.1882937

4. Various Therapeutic Methods for the Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) and Their Limitations: A Narrative Review on New Molecular and Cellular Therapeutic Approaches

Author:
On, Sung-Woon; Cho, Seoung-Won; Byun, Soo-Hwan; Yang, Byoung-Eun
Source:
Antioxidants 2021 v.10 no.5
ISSN:
2076-3921
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; osteomyelitis; osteonecrosis; surgery;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is one of the most interesting diseases in the field of maxillofacial surgery. In addition to bisphosphonates, the use of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents is known to be the leading cause. However, the exact pathogenesis of MRONJ has not been established, and various hypotheses have been proposed, such as oxidative stress-related theory. ...
DOI:
10.3390/antiox10050680

5. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Is There a Role for Nutritional Suggestions?

Author:
Bertani, Lorenzo; Ribaldone, Davide Giuseppe; Bellini, Massimo; Mumolo, Maria Gloria; Costa, Francesco
Source:
Nutrients 2021 v.13 no.4
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; obesity; sarcopenia; surgery;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nutrition has an important impact on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, several studies have addressed its role in their pathogenesis, showing how the incidence of IBD significantly increased in recent years. Meanwhile, nutrition should be considered a component of the treatment of the disease, both as a therapy itself, and especially in the perspective of correcting the various nut ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu13041387

6. Host Immune Responses and Pathogenesis to Brucella spp. Infection

Author:
Oliveira, Sergio C.
Source:
Pathogens 2021 v.10 no.3
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; Brucella; brucellosis; zoonoses;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Brucellosis, caused by the facultative intracellular bacteria Brucella species, is one the most prevalent zoonoses worldwide [...] ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens10030288

7. Fighting microbial pathogens by integrating host ecosystem interactions and evolution

Author:
Burmeister, Alita R.; Hansen, Elsa; Cunningham, Jessica J.; Rego, E. Hesper; Turner, Paul E.; Weitz, Joshua S.; Hochberg, Michael E.
Source:
BioEssays 2021 v.43 no.3 pp. e2000272
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; ecosystems; evolution; therapeutics;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Successful therapies to combat microbial diseases and cancers require incorporating ecological and evolutionary principles. Drawing upon the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology, we present a systems‐based approach in which host and disease‐causing factors are considered as part of a complex network of interactions, analogous to studies of “classical” ecosystems. Centering this approach arou ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.202000272

8. Emerging Trends in Deciphering the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases through Genetic Analysis

Author:
Wang, David Q.-H.
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.1
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; genetic analysis; humans;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Any changes in gene expression or protein functions can cause abnormal anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral modifications in human beings, which can lead to disease [...] ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12010096

9. Structural analysis of the full-length human LRRK2

Author:
Myasnikov, Alexander; Zhu, Hanwen; Hixson, Patricia; Xie, Boer; Yu, Kaiwen; Pitre, Aaron; Peng, Junmin; Sun, Ji
Source:
Cell 2021 v.184 no.13 pp. 3519-3527.e10
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; humans; mutation; organelles; therapeutics;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of both familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2 regulates critical cellular processes at membranous organelles and forms microtubule-based pathogenic filaments, yet the molecular basis underlying these biological roles of LRRK2 remains largely enigmatic. Here, we determined high-resolution s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.004

10. Cytokine signaling convergence regulates the microglial state transition in Alzheimer’s disease

Author:
Lau, Shun-Fat; Fu, Amy K. Y.; Ip, Nancy Y.
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2021 v.78 no.10 pp. 4703-4712
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; interleukin-10; neuroglia; therapeutics;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Genetic analyses have revealed the pivotal contribution of microglial dysfunctions to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Along AD progression, the accumulation of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau continuously stimulates microglia, which results in their chronic activation. Chronically activated microglia secrete excessive pr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-021-03810-0

11. Hearing Loss Caused by HCMV Infection through Regulating the Wnt and Notch Signaling Pathways

Author:
Huang, Sheng-Nan; Zhou, Yue-Peng; Jiang, Xuan; Yang, Bo; Cheng, Han; Luo, Min-Hua
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.4
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; Cytomegalovirus; inner ear; therapeutics;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory disabilities worldwide with huge social and economic burdens. The leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children is congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Though the implementation of universal screening and early intervention such as antiviral or anti-inflammatory ameliorate the severity of CMV-associated diseases, direct and ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13040623

12. Acylceramide is a key player in skin barrier function: insight into the molecular mechanisms of skin barrier formation and ichthyosis pathogenesis

Author:
Akiyama, Masashi
Source:
TheFEBS journal 2021 v.288 no.7 pp. 2119-2130
ISSN:
1742-464X
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; ; biosynthesis; ceramides; esterification; ichthyosis;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... For a quarter of the century, tremendous advances have been achieved in our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and relevant genetic defects underlying ichthyoses and ichthyosis syndromes. Research on the pathogenic mechanisms of ichthyoses has provided novel insights into the synthesis and metabolism of epidermal ceramides. Conversely, our advanced understanding of the dynamics of ceramide ...
DOI:
10.1111/febs.15497

13. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in rheumatoid arthritis: An update

Author:
Navashenaq, Jamshid Gholizadeh; Shabgah, Arezoo Gowhari; Hedayati-Moghadam, Mahdiyeh; Ariaee, Nazila; Mohammadi, Hamed; Hemmatzadeh, Maryam; Azhdari, Sara; Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Sathyapalan, Thozhukat; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Source:
Life sciences 2021 v.269 pp. 119083
ISSN:
0024-3205
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; chemokines; etiology; rheumatoid arthritis;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that generally affects the joints. In the late stages of the disease, it can be associated with several complications. Although the exact etiology of RA is unknown, various studies have been performed to understand better the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of RA. At the onset of the disease, various immune cells migrate to t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119083

14. Affecting the Effectors: Regulation of Legionella pneumophila Effector Function by Metaeffectors

Author:
Joseph, Ashley M.; Shames, Stephanie R.
Source:
Pathogens 2021 v.10 no.2
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; Legionella pneumophila; pathogens; virulence;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many bacterial pathogens utilize translocated virulence factors called effectors to successfully infect their host. Within the host cell, effector proteins facilitate pathogen replication through subversion of host cell targets and processes. Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen that relies on hundreds of translocated effectors to replicate within host phagocy ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens10020108

15. Characterization of the Rothia spp. and their role in human clinical infections

Author:
Fatahi-Bafghi, Mehdi
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2021 v.93 pp. 104877
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; cell walls; evolution; humans; phenotype; taxonomy;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The genus Rothia are emerging as opportunistic pathogens associated with various infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. This review describes the taxonomy, cell wall structure, pathogenesis, phenotypic and molecular characteristics, clinical diseases, treatment and, as well as, the related genera that may be misidentified by Rothia species. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104877

16. Non-coding RNAs role in intracranial aneurysm: General principles with focus on inflammation

Author:
Rikhtegar, Reza; Mosimann, Pascal J.; Rothaupt, Jan; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Hallaj, Shahin; Yousefi, Mehdi; Amiri, Atefeh; Farashi, Ebrahim; Kheyrollahiyan, Atefeh; Dolati, Sanam
Source:
Life sciences 2021 v.278 pp. 119617
ISSN:
0024-3205
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; aneurysm; brain; gene expression; inflammation; pathophysiology;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is one of the most challenging vascular lesions in the brain for clinicians. It was reported that 1%–6% of the world's population is affected by IAs. Owing to serious complications arising from these lesions, much attention has been paid to better understand their pathophysiology. Non-coding RNAs including short non-coding RNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have critical rol ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119617

17. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with viral pneumonitis

Author:
Dewi, Intan MW; Janssen, Nico AF; Rosati, Diletta; Bruno, Mariolina; Netea, Mihai G; Brüggemann, Roger JM; Verweij, Paul E; van de Veerdonk, Frank L
Source:
Current opinion in microbiology 2021 v.62 pp. 21-27
ISSN:
1369-5274
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; aspergillosis; fungi; immunotherapy; mortality; pneumonia;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The occurrence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in critically ill patients with viral pneumonitis has increasingly been reported in recent years. Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are the two most common forms of this fungal infection. These diseases cause high mortality in patients, most of whom were previously immu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mib.2021.04.006

18. miR-34a-5p regulates PINK1-mediated mitophagy via multiple modes

Author:
Tai, Yusi; Pu, Mei; Yuan, Luyang; Guo, Huijie; Qiao, Junwen; Lu, Henglei; Wang, Guanghui; Chen, Jing; Qi, Xinming; Tao, Zhouteng; Ren, Jin
Source:
Life sciences 2021 v.276 pp. 119415
ISSN:
0024-3205
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; ; males; microRNA; mitochondria; mitophagy; ubiquitination;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy process is tightly associated with various age-dependent diseases in mammals. The roles of miRNAs (miRNAs) in the PINK1-mediated mitophagy process are not fully understood. Here we discovered that miR-34a-5p suppresses PINK1 expression directly though two post-transcriptional non-classical binding modes, resulting in inhibition of PINK1-med ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119415

19. Establishment and characterization of proliferating primary cultures of equine epidermal keratinocytes

Author:
Ogorevc, Jernej; Poklukar, Klavdija; Dovč, Peter
Source:
Animal biotechnology 2021 v.32 no.3 pp. 282-291
ISSN:
1532-2378
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; biotechnology; histology; horses; keratinocytes; models;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Skin-derived tissue cultures are a useful model to study molecular mechanisms of skin renewal and pathogenesis of dermal diseases. Horses often suffer from skin diseases, skin trauma and problems with proper wound healing, which could be improved by in vitro grown keratinocyte grafts. Herein we describe establishment and characterization of equine skin-derived primary cell cultures, using enzymati ...
DOI:
10.1080/10495398.2019.1687091

20. TLRs in Mycobacterial Pathogenesis: Black and White or Shades of Gray

Author:
Mehta, Priyanka; Ray, Atish; Mazumder, Shibnath
Source:
Current microbiology 2021 v.78 no.6 pp. 2183-2193
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
pathogenesis,   etc   ; bacteria; death; immune evasion; virulence;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical role in the innate recognition of pathogens besides orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. These receptors exhibit exquisite specificity for different pathogens or their products and, through a complex network of signalling, generate appropriate immune responses. TLRs induce both pro- and anti-inflammatory signals depending on interactions with ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-021-02488-8