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1. Tissue-specific immunity for a changing world

Author:
Weisberg, Stuart P.; Ural, Basak B.; Farber, Donna L.
Source:
Cell 2021 v.184 no.6 pp. 1517-1529
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; climate; globalization; homeostasis; memory;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Our immune system has evolved to protect us from pathogens and maintain homeostasis through localization in diverse tissue sites throughout the body. Immune responses are orchestrated by T cells, which direct pathogen clearance at the infection site and establish tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) for protection immunity. Here, we discuss how tissue immune responses are influenced by various st ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.042

2. Estimation of parameters in the Weibull model from microbial survival data obtained under constant conditions with come-up times

Author:
Zhu, Si; Campanella, Osvaldo; Chen, Guibing
Source:
Journal of food engineering 2021 v.292 pp. 110364
ISSN:
0260-8774
Subject:
pathogen survival,   etc   ; Weibull statistics; equations;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Weibull model is frequently used to describe non-linear microbial survival due to its simplicity and flexibility. An essential part of developing a predictive microbiological approach is to accurately estimate survival parameters. In this study, an explicit integral representation of the Weibull model was derived from its original differential form. Calculated microbial survival curves under t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110364

3. Affecting the Effectors: Regulation of Legionella pneumophila Effector Function by Metaeffectors

Author:
Joseph, Ashley M.; Shames, Stephanie R.
Source:
Pathogens 2021 v.10 no.2
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; Legionella pneumophila; pathogenesis; virulence;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many bacterial pathogens utilize translocated virulence factors called effectors to successfully infect their host. Within the host cell, effector proteins facilitate pathogen replication through subversion of host cell targets and processes. Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen that relies on hundreds of translocated effectors to replicate within host phagocy ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens10020108

4. Whole Genome Sequencing Applied to Pathogen Source Tracking in Food Industry: Key Considerations for Robust Bioinformatics Data Analysis and Reliable Results Interpretation

Author:
Barretto, Caroline; Rincón, Cristian; Portmann, Anne-Catherine; Ngom-Bru, Catherine
Source:
Genes 2021 v.12 no.2
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; bioinformatics; computer software; food industry;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has arisen as a powerful tool to perform pathogen source tracking in the food industry thanks to several developments in recent years. However, the cost associated to this technology and the degree of expertise required to accurately process and understand the data has limited its adoption at a wider scale. Additionally, the time needed to obtain actionable informatio ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes12020275

5. Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Author:
França, Angela; Gaio, Vânia; Lopes, Nathalie; Melo, Luís D. R.
Source:
Pathogens 2021 v.10 no.2
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; Staphylococcus epidermidis; antibiotic resistance; biofilm; virulence;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as major pathogens in healthcare-associated facilities, being S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and, more recently, S. lugdunensis, the most clinically relevant species. Despite being less virulent than the well-studied pathogen S. aureus, the number of CoNS strains sequenced is constantly increasing and, with that, the number of virulence factors ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens10020170

6. Diversity, structure and function of the coiled‐coil domains of plant NLR immune receptors

Author:
Wang, Junzhu; Han, Meng; Liu, Yule
Source:
Journal of integrative plant biology 2021 v.63 no.2 pp. 283-296
ISSN:
1672-9072
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; cell death; disease resistance; plant biology;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plant nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) perceive pathogen avirulence effectors and activate defense responses. Nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat receptors are classified into coiled‐coil (CC)‐containing and Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR)‐containing NLRs. Recent advances suggest that NLR CC domains often function in signaling activation, especially for induction of c ...
DOI:
10.1111/jipb.13032

7. The completed genome sequence of the pathogenic ascomycete fungus Penicillium digitatum

Author:
Wang, Mingshuang; Ruan, Ruoxin; Li, Hongye
Source:
Genomics 2021 v.113 no.2 pp. 439-446
ISSN:
0888-7543
Subject:
host-pathogen relationships; plant pathogens,   etc   ; Citrus; Penicillium digitatum; fungi; genomics; industry; nucleotide sequences; secondary metabolites; telomeres;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... P. digitatum, the causative agent of green mold, is one of the most destructive pathogens in the citrus industry. To facilitate basal researches on this important plant pathogen, here we report a finished genome sequence for P. digitatum strain PDW03 using a combination of Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The assembly comprised 6 chromosomes from telomere to telomere and encodes ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.001

8. Patterns of fungal community succession triggered by C/N ratios during composting

Author:
Qiao, Cece; Penton, C. Ryan; Liu, Chao; Tao, Chengyuan; Deng, Xuhui; Ou, Yannan; Liu, Hongjun; Li, Rong
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2021 v.401 pp. 123344
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
animal pathogens; plant pathogens,   etc   ; animals; compost maturity; feces; functional diversity; fungal communities; fungi; saprotrophs; taxonomy; wood;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Accumulating evidence indicates that the functional rather than taxonomic composition of microbial communities is closely correlated to local environmental factors. While composting is a widely accepted practice, specific knowledge of how fungal functional groups interact during the composting process remains limited. To address this, the impact of the initial C/N ratio of composting material on f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123344

9. Structural biology of plant defence

Author:
Song, Wen; Forderer, Alexander; Yu, Dongli; Chai, Jijie
Source:
Thenew phytologist 2021 v.229 no.2 pp. 692-711
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
host-pathogen relationships; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; plant pathogens,   etc   ; defense mechanisms; immunologic receptors; innate immunity; intracellular signaling peptides and proteins; intracellular space; ligands; plasma membrane;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plants employ the innate immune system to discriminate between self and invaders through two types of immune receptors, one on the plasma membrane and the other in the intracellular space. The immune receptors on the plasma membrane are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that can perceive pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or host‐derived damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.16906

10. Determination of performance-parameter design and impact factors of sampling efficiency for bioaerosol cyclones

Author:
Ma, Xuezheng; Fang, Zhiqiang; Li, Fanshuang; Hu, Kongxin
Source:
Biotechnology, biotechnological equipment 2020 v.34 no.1 pp. 640-651
ISSN:
1314-3530
Subject:
airborne pathogens,   etc   ; bioaerosols; biotechnology;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bioaerosol sampling is a critical step toward characterizing airborne pathogen exposure risks for many respiratory infectious diseases in human-to-human or human-to-animal outbreaks. The integrated performance-parameter design and sampling efficiency of aerosol-to-hydrosol samplers (cyclones) has been rarely published or studied. This review focuses on the determination of cyclone performance-para ...
DOI:
10.1080/13102818.2020.1797529

11. Host autophagy is a shared target of virulence factors of Phytophthora infestans and Plasmodium parasite

Author:
Wu, Wenxian; Datla, Raju; Ren, Maozhi
Source:
Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 2021 v.169 no.5 pp. 271-282
ISSN:
0931-1785
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; Phytophthora infestans; Plasmodium; autophagy; exports; parasites; phylogeny; secretion; virulence;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Phytophthora infestans and Plasmodium are extremely harmful and economically important pathogens. Although they belong to distinct groups and infect very different hosts, P. infestans and Plasmodium display some common similarities. Such as they are closely related phylogenetically and have similarities in the strategies they use for the evasion or suppression of host defences, etc. In addition, b ...
DOI:
10.1111/jph.12989

12. Gastrointestinal stress as innate defence against microbial attack

Author:
Panwar, H.; Rokana, N.; Aparna, S. V.; Kaur, J.; Singh, A.; Singh, J.; Singh, K.S.; Chaudhary, V.; Puniya, A.K.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2021 v.130 no.4 pp. 1035-1061
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; commensalism; digestive tract; gastrointestinal system; homeostasis; humans; osmolarity; probiotics;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been bestowed with the most difficult task of protecting the underlying biological compartments from the resident commensal flora and the potential pathogens in transit through the GI tract. It has a unique environment in which several defence tactics are at play while maintaining homeostasis and health. The GI tract shows myriad number of environmental ex ...
DOI:
10.1111/jam.14836

13. Proposal of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 19, and reformulation of previous multiplex PCRs for capsule-specific typing of all known serovars

Author:
Stringer, Oliver W.; Bossé, Janine T.; Lacouture, Sonia; Gottschalk, Marcelo; Fodor, László; Angen, Øystein; Velazquez, Eduardo; Penny, Paul; Lei, Liancheng; Langford, Paul R.; Li, Yanwen
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2021 v.255 pp. 109021
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; loci; lungs; microbiology; serotypes; swine; Denmark;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two serologically and molecularly non-typeable isolates of the porcine lung pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae have been identified from diseased swine in two different continents. Genome sequencing was carried out to identify their diagnostically relevant genotypes. Both isolates are biovar 1 and encode genes for production of ApxIV and ApxII (apxIICA structural genes, and apxIBD export gen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109021

14. Spiders hanging out in the rain

Author:
Barrantes, Gilbert; Masis, Denisse Sanchez
Source:
Arachnology 2021 v.18 no.7 pp. 778-781
ISSN:
2050-9936
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; Argiope argentata; Gasteracantha cancriformis; drainage; rain; spiders;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Behavioural adjustments to changing environmental conditions are advantageous for spiders, as such adjustments likely allow spiders to remain in good hunting sites. Here, we describe the behavioural response of seven araneoid species to heavy rain in the neotropics. Five of the seven spiders drastically modified their position on the web, relative to the typical resting position. Four of these spe ...
DOI:
10.13156/arac.2020.18.7.778

15. Age and seasonal pattern of contagious agalactia in small ruminants in Ukraine

Author:
Bohach, Dmytro Mykolaivych; Stegniy, Borys Tymofiyovych; Bohach, Mykola Volodymyrovych; Pavlov, Serhii Leonidovych; Bolotin, Vitaliy Igorovych
Source:
Journal of Veterinary Research 2021 v.65 no.1 pp. 67-72
ISSN:
2450-8608
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; Mycoplasma agalactiae; agalactia; lactation; seasonal variation; veterinary medicine; Ukraine;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of the study was to determine how the spread of contagious agalactia in sheep and goats in the Odesa region depended on the age of the animals and the season. From January 2016 to December 2018, 1,964 ewes and 1,484 nanny goats of different age groups were studied by ELISA for antibodies to Mycoplasma agalactiae. The highest incidence of contagious agalactia was registered in one-year-old ...
DOI:
10.2478/jvetres-2021-0014

16. Non-linear relationships between children age and pneumococcal vaccine coverage: Important implications for vaccine prevention strategies

Author:
Liu, Yanling; Li, Wenhui; Dong, Qian; Chen, Minqi; Li, Wenyu; Wang, Xulin; Fu, Jinjian; Ye, Xiaohua
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.9 pp. 1392-1401
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; Streptococcus pneumoniae; antibiotic resistance; morbidity; mortality; serotypes; vaccines; virulence;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is an important pathogen causing both invasive and non-invasive infections in children, with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to determine the potential relationships between age and vaccine coverage and between multiple phenotype-genotype characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolated from children.All S. pneumoniae isolates were ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.056

17. Dynamics of somatic cell count (SCC) and differential SCC during and following intramammary infections

Author:
Kirkeby, Carsten; Schwarz, Daniel; Denwood, Matt; Farre, Michael; Nielsen, Søren S.; Gussmann, Maya; Toft, Nils; Halasa, Tariq
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2021 v.104 no.3 pp. 3427-3438
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; bacterial culture; dairy cattle; data collection; somatic cell count;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Somatic cell count is frequently used as an indicator of intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy cattle worldwide. The newly introduced differential SCC (DSCC) can potentially contribute to detection of IMI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamics of SCC and DSCC after IMI. We used a data set with monthly samples from 2 Danish dairy herds through 1 yr, using bacterial culture to i ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2020-19378

18. Genome Resources for Seven Fungal Isolates That Cause Dollar Spot Disease in Turfgrass, Including Clarireedia jacksonii and C. monteithiana

Author:
Crouch, Jo Anne; Beirn, Lisa A.; Boehm, Michael J.; Carbone, Ignazio; Clarke, Bruce B.; Kerns, James P.; Malapi-Wight, Martha; Mitchell, Thomas K.; Venu, R. C.; Tredway, Lane P.
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.3 pp. 691-694
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; disease control; fungi; genome; genome assembly; turf grasses;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fungi in the genus Clarireedia are widespread and destructive pathogens of grasses worldwide, and are best known as the causal agents of dollar spot disease in turfgrass. Here, we report genome assemblies of seven Clarireedia isolates, including ex-types of the two most widespread species, Clarireedia jacksonii and C. monteithiana. These datasets provide a valuable resource for ongoing studies of ...
Handle:
10113/7071278
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1296-A

19. Integrity of the Post-LRR Domain Is Required for TIR-NB-LRR Function

Author:
Saucet, Simon B.; Esmenjaud, Daniel; Van Ghelder, Cyril
Source:
Molecular plant-microbe interactions 2021 v.34 no.3 pp. 286-296
ISSN:
1943-7706
Subject:
pathogens,   etc   ; Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum; hypersensitive response; immune response; tobacco;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plants trigger appropriate defense responses, notably, through intracellular nucleotide-binding (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing receptors (NLRs) that detect secreted pathogen effector proteins. In NLR resistance genes, the toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-NB-LRR proteins (TNLs) are an important subfamily, out of which approximately half the members carry a post-LRR (PL) domain of un ...
DOI:
10.1094/MPMI-06-20-0156-R

20. Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica persistence in broiler-chicken flocks on Reunion Island

Author:
Ethèves, M.A.; Choisis, N.; Alvarez, S.; Dalleau, F.; Hascoat, J.; Gallard, V.; Cardinale, E.
Source:
Heliyon 2021 v.7 no.3 pp. e06278
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
pathogen survival,   etc   ; disinfection; pest control; poultry manure; questionnaires; serotypes; Reunion;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to identify the main risk factors for Salmonella spp. persistence in broiler flocks in Reunion Island. Seventy broiler farms were surveyed from March 2016 to June 2018. Samples of fresh droppings were collected using gauze socks, and a questionnaire was completed with the farmers. Persistence was defined as an infection with the same serovar before and after cleaning and d ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06278